šššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššš Last revised in January 2009 Rikho Nymmik [ Ðèõî Íûììèê (Rus), Riho N?mmik (Est)] Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, leading scientist Merited scientist of Moscow State University Scientific Rank: Senior Scientist Social Rank: Chairman of the Estonian Society in Moscow (1996-2003) 119991 Russia, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, 1(2) Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University tel: +7(495)9328861, fax: +7(495)9390896 e-mail:nymmik@sinp.msu.ru homepage: http://srd.sinp.msu.ru/nymmik/ ,

26 February 1936: born in Tallinn, Estonia
1960: graduated from Moscow State University.
1960-1963: Postgraduate student at the Chair of Cosmic Rays of Moscow State University.
1964-1968: Scientist at Institute of Physics and Astronomy of Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tartu-Tyravere, Estonia.
1968-1998: Senior Scientist at the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University.
Since 1998: Leading Scientist at the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University.
1968¹: Defended the Candidate Degree Thesis on "Electron-Photon and Nuclear-Active Components in Extensive Air Showers (EAS)".
1998¹: Defended the Doctorate Degree Thesis on "Models of Cosmic Ray Particle Fluxes (Development and Applications)".
¹ The above Theses have been defended at Moscow State University.

 

Online Space Energetic Particle Models

    1. Galactic Cosmic Ray Flux dynamic model (online interface in developing)
    2. The probabilistic Solar Energetic Particle model (Sep 2004)
    3. Effective cutoff and magnetospheric transmission online calculation (2007 - current)

Scope of scientific interests: space physics, cosmic ray physics, applied vacuum spectroscopy, scientific instrument engineering, geography of populated areas.

Dr. R.A.Nymmik has revealed and defined quite a number of regular behavioural features inherent to solar cosmic rays, developed the mathematical models for galactic (in cooperation with Dr. A.Suslov) and solar cosmic rays (in 1999-2000), which are used to assess spacecraft radiation safety. He has found the cosmic ray electron component of energies above 10¹² eV in the near-Earth space by the direct method of nuclear photoemulsion (1981), and determined the oxygen ion charge in the anomalous cosmic ray component by the method of simultaneous measurements on two spacecraft (1990), and made the fundamental contribution to designing the largest emulsion chamber (180 kg of pure emulsion) exposed ever in the space (1978, Intercosmos-6).

Dr. R.A.Nymmik took part in the experiments on more than 40 satellites and space stations (Cosmos, Soyuz, Salyut, Mir, Mars).

In his capacity of Leading Scientist, Dr. R.A.Nymmik participated in the Intercosmos Project.š In 1981, he was an advisor to the USSR Flight Control Center for space physics experiments during space flights of cosmonauts from USSR, Rumania, and Mongolia on Salyut-6.

Dr. R.A.Nymmik worked at the Aragats mountain cosmic ray station (Armenia) and at the Kapustin Yar and Baikonur spacecraft launching sites. Dr. R.A. Nymmik calculated the radiation environment along the trajectories of many satellites, orbital and interplanetary space stations.

He has prepared over 190 scientific publications and participated in preparing numerous entries to the Encyclopedia of New Science-Rich Technologies (Volumes 16 and 17).

Dr. R.A.Nymmik has been awarded two Yu. Gagarin Medals of the Cosmonautics Federation of the USSR and Russia..

In 2004 he was awarded the title of honored scientist of Moscow University.

In 2006 R.A.Nymmik was awarded an order "The White Star" ( IV degree) of the Estonian Republic.

 

Periods of scientific activities

1959-1967: Preparation of the Candidate Degree Thesis. The experimental side of the Thesis was realized using the EAS facility of the Aragats Cosmic Ray Station. He has developed a large-area Cherenkov counter based on a combined light collection technique (protected by the Author Certificate). The Thesis has demonstrated that the distinguishing feature of the inelastic collisions of high-energy (10¹⁵ eV) particles consists in that a secondary carries away most of the projectile energy.

1967-1973: Excursion to economic geography. He has established some mathematical regularities in the territorial distribution pattern of the Estonia population and develped a matrix model for the population of Estonia, which was used later by many researchers.

1965-1968: Estonian Institute of Physics ond Astronomy. During his work at the Tartu Astronomic Observatory (Tyravere), he found, in cooperation with his colleagues, the phenomenon of water vapor penetration to the inside of the air-tight containers of radiation detectors, filters, and radiation sources ised in the UV spectral researches. He has developed a miniature high-stability UV source based on Cherenkov radiation production in lithium fluoride by radioctive strontium electrons.

1969-1978: Intercosmos-6 experiment. In cooperation with his colleagues, he has developed the large nuclear emulsion chamber (50 l, or 180 kg, protected by the Author Certificate), which is the largest of those exposed ever in the space. Using the direct method, he demonstrated the occurrences of extremely high-energy (>10¹² eV) electrons in galactic cosmic rays. Being a member of a large international team of scientists, he participated in finding some new behavioural features of the inelastic interactions of superhigh-energy (>10⁶ MeV/nucleon) nuclei with photoemulsion chamber.

1979-1989: Experiments on satellites and orbital space stations. The main results are as follows.
1. High-energy heavy partiles have been recorded in the orbital segment of the Salyut-6 space station orbit. The particles are atoic nuclei, so they cannot penetrate to the orbit from beyond the Earth's magnetosphere. One of the possible explanations for that effect is the occurrence of partially stripped atoms in galactic cosmic rays, which, in turn, may be indicative of a source of such particles near the Earth ( the Astro-2 experiment of 1982).
2. A stack of solid-state dielectric track detectors (the Astro-1 experiment in the open airlock of Salute-6) was used to measure to measure the C,N,O energy spectra of the SEP event of 15 May 1981.
3. The method was proposed and realized for determining the oxygen ion charge in the anomalous cosmic ray component in sumulataneous measurements the particle fluxes on two spacecraft of different orbital inclinations. The resultant charge is Q = +1 (the experiment on Cosmos 1882 and 1887, the publication of 1990).

1989-2004: Radiation fields in the near-Earth space and their mathematical models. The results are as follows.
1. The solar cosmic ray energy spectrum is described by a power-law function of particle momentum. This means that acceleration on shock wave in a turbulent medium is the main mechanism that accelerates particles up to high energies (1983).
2. The SEP event occurrence frequency is proportional to solar actvity level expressed by Wolf numbers (1995).
3. Having been divided by solar activity level, the SEP event distrbution function is invariant of solar activity (is independent of the latter). This means that high-size SEP events can be expected to within a low probability during solar minimum.

Dr. A.A.Nymmik has elaborated the Galactic Cosmic Ray and Solar Energetic Particle Flux and Fluence models, which has become the State Standard of Russia.

In 1.January 2003 the Galactic Cosmic Rays model has become the International Standard.

The present-day activities. Since the above regular behavioral features are much superior, in their scope and accuracy, to the earlier developments, the tasks of the near future are
1. To determine the main consequences from the model developed.
2. To clarify the physical nature of the regularities found.

š3. Charged particle penetration inside the magnetosphere ? method of the vertical cutoff determination.

4. Radiation conditions on the Earth-Moon and Earth-Mars routs and on the Moon and Mars.šš

The main scientific works

(except for abstracts, preprints and little-known editions and collected works)

1. Reference books and methodical teaching equipments
2. The Russian State Standards
3. Extensive air showers and the method to measure them
4. Population geography and migration
5. Vacuum UV detection
6. Intercosmos-6 experiment
    6.1. Experimantal techniques
    6.2. Superhigh-energy electrons
    6.3. Nuclear interactions at high energies
7. The Astro experiments Salyut-6 in May, 1981
8. Experiments on various satellites and space stations
    8.1. Charge state composition of particles
    8.2. Heavy particle fluxes on the spacecraft orbits
    8.3. Penetration of charged particles to low orbits of spacecrafts
9. Particle flux models and their validation
    9.1. Galactic Cosmic Rays
    9.2. Solar Energectic particle fluxes
10. Space radiation environment of spacecraft trajectories; radiation effects
    10.1. The general space radiation environment of spacecraft trajectories and in the upper atmosphere
    10.2. The radiation effects on the spacecraft boards
11. Space Weather
12. Publitsistikat eesti keeles (ïóáëèöèñòèêà íà ýñòîíñêîì ÿçûêå)
    12.1. Social and political journalism in Estonian
13. Ïóáëèöèñòèêà íà ðóññêîì (Publitsistikat vene keeles,š Russian)
14. Temast eesti keeles (o íåì íà ýñòîíñêîì ÿçûêå, about him in Estonian)
15. Î íåì íà ðóññêîì ÿçûêå (temast vene keeles)

1.      Reference books and methodical teaching equipments

1.1 The Space Model, 8 edition, Published by Skobeltsin Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, 2007, V 1, pp. 871, V2, pp. 1143. (in Russian).

šš V.1, Physical Conditions in Space, ed. by prof. M.I.Panasyuk,

Chapter 1.6 Model of the galactic cosmic rays, pp. 208-218 / R.A. Nymmik/.

Chapter 2.7 Model of the solar cosmic rays, pp. 402-416 /R.A.Nymmik/

 

1.2 The Novel Science-Rich Technologies Encyclopedia (in Russian)

Volume 16,

šChapter 4. Fluxes of high-energy charged particles in near-Earth space /M.I.Panasyuk, V.F.Bashkirov, N.V.Kuznetsov, R.A.Nymmik, E.D.Tolstaya/.
Chapterš 6. SEU in chips of electronics on board spacecraft /M.I.Panasyuk, N.V.Kuznetsov, R.A.Nymmik/
Chapter 13. Development of science-technology databases, instructions, and manuals for designers /V.F.Bashkirpov, N.V.Kuznetsov, L.S.Novikov, R.A.Nymmik, M.I.Panasyuk/.

 

1.3 Radiation conditions in space., Published by Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, ed. by prof. M.I.Panasyuk, pp.130, Moscow 2006.

Chapter 5. Model of Galactic Cosmic Rays /R.A.Nymmik/, pp. 78-91.

Chapter 6. Model of fluences and peak fluxes of Solar Energetic Particles /R.A.Nymmik/, pp. 92-110.

 

2. The International Standard Organization and Russian State Standards

2.1. International Standard ISO 15390, Space environment (natural and artificial) ? Galactic cosmic ray model, ( First edition 2004-06-01), @ ISO 2004 ..
2.2. Galactic Cosmic Rays. Dynamic model of particle fluxes. GOST 25645.150-90
2.3. Solar Energetic Particles. The pobability model of particle fluxes: protons. GOST R 25645.165-2001

3. Extensive air showers and the method to measure them

3.1. Nymmik R.A., A large-are Cherenkov counter. Instr. Exp. Tech., No.4, pp.59-62, 1966.
3.2. Nymmik R.A.and Shestoperov V.Ya., Calculations of some EAS characteristics in terms of the model of a strongly fluctuating elementary interaction event. Izv. Akad. Nayk SSSR, ser. fiz., v.29, No. 9,pp.1693-1695, 1965.
3.3. Babajan Kh.B., Bojadjan N.G, N.L.Grigorov, R.A.Nymmik, V.Ya.Shestoperov, Some remarks on a model for EAS generation. Izv. Akad. Nayk SSSR, ser. fiz., v.30, p.1713, 1966.
3.4. Grigorov N.L., Nymmik R.A., Shestoperov V.Y., Babajan Kh., P. Bojadjan N.G., Discussion of one model of the formation of the extensive atmospheric showers Proc. 9 ICRC, London V. 2, pp. 642-645, 1965.
3.5. Nymmik R.A., Shestoperov V.Ya., Calculations of some EAS characteristics in the lower atmosphere under large fluctuation of elementary event. Yad. Fiz., v.5, No.2, p.357, 1967.
3.6. Babajan Kh.B, Boyadjan N.G., Mamidzhanjan E.Ya., Nymmik R.A., Grigorov N.L., Sarycheva L.I., Shestoperov V.Ya.., Scincillator-based facility for recording EAS. Trans. Yerevan State University, No.2, p.17, 1967.
3.7. Babajan Kh.B., Boyadjan N.G., Grigorov N.L., Nymmik R.A., Shestoperov V.Ya.., Measurements of nuclear-active particle energies in EAS using a large ionization calorimeter. Izv. Akad. Nayk SSSR, ser. fiz., v.32, No.3, pp.405-408, 1968.
3.8. Babajan Kh.B., Boyadjan N.G., Grigorov N.L., Nymmik R.A., Grogorov N.L., Davydova L.S., Sarycheva L.I., , Shestoperov V.Ya., EAS particle number spectrum at mountain level. Izv. Akad. Nauk Arm. SSR, ser. fiz., No.3, p.189, 1968.

4. Population geography and migration

4.1. Nymmik R.A., Nymmik S.Ya.., Regularities of the settlement distribution in the zones affected by large cities and rural towns Izv. Akad. Nayk SSSR, ser. geogr., No.3, pp.106-112, 1970.
4.2. Nymmik S.Ya., Marksoo A.H., Murel V.I., Nymmik R.A., On the dynamics of population systems. In. Geography and Mathematics, Proc. 3rd All-Union Inter-Institution Meeting on Mathematical Methods in Geography. Tartu University Publ. Co., 1974.

5. Vacuum UV detection

5.1. Nymmik R.A., On penetration o water to some instruments used in the vacuum UV spectral range. J. Appl. Spectroscopy, v.9, No.6, p.1023-1026, 1968.
5.2. Nymmik R.A., Standard UV source. Instr. Exper. Techn., No.2, pp.182-183, 1969.

6. Intercosmos-6 experiment

6.1. Experimental techniques

6.1.1. Aleksejeva K.I., Grigorov N.L., Nymmik R.A.,Rapoport I.D., Savenko I.A., Detection of high-energy particle interactions by controllable large emulsion stacks, Izv. Akad. Nauk sSSR, ser. fiz.,V. 36, N 8, pp. 1765-168, 1972.
6.1.2. Vedeshin L.N., Nymmik R.A., Rapoport I.D., Titenkov A.F., Study of cosmic ray particles on Intercosmos-6, Vestnik Akad. Nauk SSSR,No. 11, pp.59-66, 1973.
6.1.3. Brikker S.I., Vaisberg Yu.V., Grigorov N.L., Nymmik R.A. et al., Detection of nuclear interactions of high-energy primary cosmic rays by the method of controllable large emulsion stack, Izv. Akad. Nauk sSSR, ser. fiz., V. 38, No. 5, pp. 930-934, 1974.
6.1.4. Aleksejeva K.I., Grigorov N.L., Zhuravljov D.A., Kondratjeva M.A., Nymmik R.A., Rapoport I.D., Savenko I.A., Shirjaeva V.Ya., Applications of the method of by controllable large emulsion stacks to studying nuclear intyeractions of 10¹² - 10¹³ eV particles. In: Cosmic Ray Research, Institute of Space Research, Nauka, Moscow, pp. 197-218, 1975.
6.1.5. Bogomolov K.S., Romanovskaya K.M., Razorjonova I.F., Vetshinkina Z.I., Myltseva V.A., Zhuravljov D.A., Kondratjeva M.A., Nymmik R.A., Tshikova L.O., Relativistic nuclear photoemulsion in large stacks. Instr. Exper. Techn., No. 5, pp.63-65, 1975.
6.1.6. Zuravljov D.A., Kondratjeva M.A.,Nymmik R.A., Romanovskaya K.M., Techniques for applying the substrate-free halogen-silver layers (Description for Author Certificate No. 650044), Bulletin of Inventions Committee of the USSR, No.8, 1978

6.2. Superhigh-energy electrons

6.2.1 Nymmik R.A., Observations of 10¹² eV electrons in primary cosmic rays, Space Research XIX , No. 6, pp. 884-888, 1981.
6.2.2. Nymmik R.A., Ultrahigh-energy electrons measured in the "Intercosmos-6" satellite experiment, Proceedings of the International Conference "Intercosmos-30" , April 9-10, 2001,Moscow, "Block-Inform-Press" published, pp, 243-245, 2003.

6.3. Nuclear interactions at high energies

6.3.1. Shomodi A., Sugar S., Tshadraa B., Nymmik R.A., et al., About multiple particle generation in collisions of >10¹² eV nuclei, Pis'ma ZhETF, V. 26, No. 1, pp. 52-54, 1977.
6.3.2. Dubinsky J., Yust L., Somogyi A.J, Nymmik R.A., et al. Study of High Energy Interactions of Cosmic Rays in an Emulsion Stack Combined with Ionization Calorimeter, 15th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Plovdiv, V.11, p.523, 1977.
6.3.3. Shomodi A., Sugar S., Tshadraa B., Nymmik R.A., et al., Study of the interaction characteristics of high-energy primary cosmic rays with photoemulsion nuclei on Intercosmos-6. Sov. Nucl. Phys.,V. 28, No. 2, pp. 445-458, 1978.
6.3.4. Shomodi A., Sugar S., Tshadraa B., Nymmik R.A., et al., Some features of 10¹² eV nucleus-nucleus interactions, Izv. Akad. Nauk sSSR, ser. fiz., V.42, No. 7, pp.1381-1384,1978.
6.3.5.. Brikker S.I., Vaisberg Yu.V., Grigorov N.L., Nymmik R.A., et al., Study of 10¹² eV nucleus-nucleus interactions. Vestnik MGU, ser. Fiz. Astron., V.21, N 5, pp.20-26, 1980.

7. The Astro experiments on Salyut-6 station in May, 1981

7.1. Bobrovskaya V.V., Gorchakov, E.V., Grigorov N.L., Tretyakova Ch.A., Marin A., Nymmik R.A, Haiduk M., Hasegan D., Measurements of the Fluxes of Medium Nuclei with an Energy of 10-25 MeV/nucl in the Near Earth Space18th ICRC, Bangalore, V.2, pp..2-54, 1983.
7.2. Blaj K., Gorchakov, E.V., Grigorov N.L ., Kovalyonok V.V. Marin A., Nymmik R.A. Popov L.I., Prunariu D., Savinykh V., Haiduk M., Hasegan D., Giobany M. Soviet-Roumanian Experiment on the registration of Cosmic Rays Nuclear Component Aboard the "Salyut-6"Scientific Station18th ICRC, Bangalore, V.8, pp.44-47, 1983.
7.3. Bobrovskaya V.V., Gortshakov Ye.V., Grigorov N.L.,Marin A., Nymmik R.A., Haiduk M., Hashegan D., Tretyakova T., Fluxes of low-energy C,N,O nuclei in the Salyut-6 orbit, Space Research ,V. XXII, N 2, pp. 310-312, 1984.
7.4. Nymmik R.A., Atomic nuclei in the composition of the inner belt. Geomagn i aeron., v. XXV, ? I, pp.29-34, 1985.
7.5. Bobrovskaya V.V., Grigorov N.L., Zhuravlev D.A., Kondratyeva M.A., TretyakovaCh.A., Alekseev N.V., Vakulov P.B., Sechinov V.P., Observations of the Fluxes of Nuclei with Energies of 10-30 MeV per Nucleon during the Solar Flare of April 26, 19th ICRC, La Yolla, V.4, pp.205-208, 1985.
7.6. Bobrovskaya V.V., Grigorov N.L ., Gordeev Yu.P.Zhuravlev D.A., Podgurskaya A.V.,Smolensky L.G., Tretyakova Ch.A., Lyagushin V.I., Soloviev A.V. Observations of Nuclei with Energies of 8-30 MeV per Nucleon in the Earth Magnetosphere at the Altitudes 350 km, 19th ICRC, La Yolla, V.5, pp.533-536, 1985.
7.7. Blaz K., Bobrovskaya V.V., Gertsen G.P., Grigorov N.L.,Nymmik R.A., Tobanu T., Marenny A.M., Marin A., Solovjov A.V., Haiduk M., Hashegan D., The flux of nuclei below a few hundreds of MeV/nucleon in the Salyut-6 orbit. Space Res.,V. 24, No. 5, pp. 769-772, 1986.
7.8. Grigorov N.L., R.A.Nymmik , M.Haiduc, High-energy heavy particle studies in the "Astro" experiments on the "Salyut-6" orbit, Proceedings of the International Conference "Intercosmos-30" , April 9-10, 2001,Moscow, "Block-Inform-Press" published, pp, 225-227, 2003.

8. Experiments on various satellites and space stations

8.1. Charge composition of particles

8.1.1. Gertsen G.P., Marenny A.M., Nymmik R.A., Determination of oxygen charge composition in the Earth orbit during quiet sun, Papers of the Conference of Cosmic Rays, Alma-Ata, Part.2, pp. 33-39, 1989.
8.1.2. Gertzen G.P., Marenny A.M., Nymmik R.A., Charge state distribution of anomalous oxygen ions in low earth orbit during Solar quiescent, Nucl. Tracks. Radiat. Meas. Vol.17, No.2, p 113-115, 1990.
8.1.3. Gagarin Yu. F.,Nymmik R.A., Panasyuk M.I., Partially-ionized ions of cosmic-rays in the vicinity of the earth Proceedings 25th ICRC, V.3, pp.293-296, 1997.
8.1.4. Áàðàíîâ Ä.Ã., Þ.Ô.Ãàãàðèí, Â.À.Äåðãà÷åâ, Ð.À.Íûììèê, À.Â.Ñîëîâüåâ, Å.À.ßêóáîâñêèé, Ñòàòóñ ýêñïåðèìåíòà Ïëàòàí íà îðáèòàëüíûõ ñòàíöèÿõ, Èçâåñòèÿ ÀÍ, ñåð. ôèç. 67(4), 527-529, 2003.

8.2. Heavy particle fluxes in spacecraft orbits

8.2.1. Marenny A.M., Nymmik R.A., Suslov A.A.,Ivestigation of the heavy nuclei fluxes on the near-earth satellites and space station orbits in 1974-1984, Space Research V. 25, No. 4, pp. 577-584, 1987.
8.2.2. Marenny A.M., Nymmik R.A., Suslov A.A. Solar modulation of the Galactic Cosmic Ray Fluxes of Heavy Nuclei on 1974-1986, 20 th ICRC, Moscow V.3, pp. 328-331, 1987.
8.2.3. Alekseev N.V., Bobrovskaya V.V., Grigorov N.L ., Nymmik R.A., et al, Detection of the Fluxes of 5-20 MeV /nucleon Medium Nuclei at Altitudes at 300-400 km in the Earth Vicinities. 20th ICRC, Moscow V.3, pp. 264-267, 1987.
8.2.4. Marenny A.M., Nymmik R.A., Gertsen G.P., About medium nuclei fluxes on the near-earth satellite orbits, Space Research V. 26, No. 4, pp. 636-638, 1988.
8.2.5. Gertzen G.P., Marenny A.M.Nymmik R.A., Studies of Low-Energy HZE Cosmic Rays on Cosmic Satellits, Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, V.16, N 1, p 53-56, 1989.
8.2.6. Marenny A.M. Suslov A.A. Benton E.V. Frank A.L. Benton E.R., Cosmic ray particles with different let values under various thicknesses of shielding in low altitude orbits: calculations and COSMOS-2044 measurements, Nucl.Tracks Radiat. Meas. V 20, N 1, pp.157-160, 1992.
8.2.5. Gagarin Yu.F., Marenny A.M., Nymmik R.A., Panasyuk M.I., Heavy particle fluxes in space Station orbit, Adv. Space Res. V.21, No. 12, pp.1699-1702, 1998.
8.2.6. Baranov D.G., Gagarin Yu.F., Dergatchov V.A., Lukin V.A., Yakubovsky E.A. and. Nymmik R.A , Heavy ions of solar energetic particle events as measured in the International space station orbit, Report F2.1-0028 on 32nd Scientific Assembly of Cospar, 1998, 12-19 July 1998, Nagoya, Japan, Abstracts p. 395. .
8.2.7. Baranov D.G., Gagarin Yu.F., Dergatchov V.A., Nymmik R.A., Ospistshev S.N., Panasyuk M.I., Yakubovsky E.A., The Galactic and Solar Energetic Particle spectra inside and outside of the Earth magnitosphere, Bulletin of Acad. Nauk, ser. phys. v.65, N 3, pp. 327-329, 2001.

8.2.8 Ãðèãîðîâ Í.Ë., Íûììèê Ð.À., Õàéäóê Ì., Ýêñïåðèìåíòû ?Àñòðî? ïî èññëåäîâàíèþ ïîòîêîâ âûñîêîýíåðãè÷íûõ òÿæåëûõ ÷àñòèö íà ñòàíöèè ?Ñàëþò-6, Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ ?Èíòåðêîñìîñ-30?, 9-10 àïðåëÿ 2001, Ìîñêâà, ÁËÎÊ-Èíôîðì-Ýêñïðåññ, 225-229, 2003.
8.2.9 Baranov D.G., Dergatchov V.A., Gagarin Yu.F., Lyaguishinš V.I., Nymmik R.A., Panasyuk M.I., Solov?ev A.V., Yakubovsky E.A, The high-energy heavy-particle fluences in the orbits of manned space stations, Radiation Measurements 35, 423-431, 2002.

8.2.10         Áàðàíîâ Ä.Ã., Þ.Ô.Ãàãàðèí, Â.À.Äåðãà÷åâ, Ð.À.Íûììèê, À.Â.Ñîëîâüåâ, Å.À.ßêóáîâñêèé, Ñòàòóñ ýêñïåðèìåíòà Ïëàòàí íà îðáèòàëüíûõ ñòàíöèÿõ, Èçâåñòèÿ ÀÍ,š ñåð. ôèç. 67(4), 527-529, 2003.

8.2.11. Áàðàíîâ Ä.Ã., Ãàãàðèí Þ.Ô., Äåðãà÷åâ Â.À., Íûììèê Ð.À., ßêóáîâñêèé Å.À., Ðåãèñòðàöèÿ òÿæåëûõ ÿäåð êîñìè÷åñêèõ ëó÷åé â ìàãíèòîñôåðå Çåìëè: ýêñïåðèìåíò ÏËÀÒÀÍ, Ãåîìàãíåòèçì è Àýðîíîìèè,. 44(6), 1-8 , 2004.

8.2.12. Áàðàíîâ Ä.Ã., Þ.Ô.Ãàãàðèí, Â.À.Äåðãà÷åâ, Ð.À.Íûììèê, Å.À.ßêóáîâñêèé, Ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèå ñïåêòðû ÿäåð æåëåçà ìàëûõ ýíåðãèé Ãàëàêòè÷åñêèõ êîñìè÷åñêèõ ëó÷åé â ýêñòðåìóìàõ ñîëíå÷íîé àêòèâíîñòè, 28 Âñåðîññèéñêàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ ïî êîñìè÷åñêèì ëó÷àì, 7-11 èþíÿ 2004, ÌÈÔÈ, Ìîñêâà, Ýëåêòðîííûé ñáîðíèê òðóäîâ, ñòð. 2201-2204, 2004,š Èçâ. ÐÀÍ, ñåð. ôèç., , ò. 69, ñ. 832-834, 2005.
8.2.13. Baranov D.G., Gagarin Yu.F., Dergatshov B.A., Nymmik R.A., Evidence of the multiple-charged ACR argon ions existing,š Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physicsš 71, 7, 1012-1014, 2007.

8.2.14 Áàðàíîâ Ä.Ã., Ãàãàðèí Þ.Ô., Äåðãà÷åâ Â.À., Êîðæîâ Ð.È., Íûììèê Ð.À., Ïàíàñþê Ì.È., Ïåòðóõèí Â.Â., Ïîòîêè ÿäåð æåëåçà ÃÊË è ÑÊË íà îðáèòå ÌÊÑ, äîêëàä íà 30 ÐÊÊË, Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã, 2008, íàïðàâëåí â ïå÷àòü ?Èçâåñòèÿ ÀÍ Ðîññèè, ñåð. ôèç., No.3, ?.....2009.

8.3. Penetration of charged particles to low orbits of spacecraft

8.3.1. Nymmik R.A., Some aspects of calculating the transmission function. Space Res., V.28, No.2, p.306-309, 1990.
8.3.2. Nymmik R.A.,.Diurnal variations of geomagnetic cutoff boundary and transmission function, Space Res., V.29, No.3, pp. 491-493, 1991.

8.3.3 Nymmik R.A., An approach to determination of real cosmic ray cutoff rigidities, Proc. 22^nd ICRC (Dublin), V.3, P.652-655, 1991.

8.3.4. Nymmik R.A., Radiation Environment Induced by Cosmic Ray Particle Fluxes in International Space Station Orbit According to Recent Solar and Galactic Cosmic Ray Models, Adv. Space Res. V.21, No.12, pp. 1689-1698, 1998.
8.3.5. Nymmik R.A., Galactic cosmic ray and solar energetic particle fluxes in the International station orbit: the pecularities of charged particle penetration, Solicited Report F2.1-0017 on 32nd Scientific Assembly of COSPAR, 1998, 12-19 July 1998, Nagoya, Japan, Abstracts p. 397.

8.3.6. Nymmik R.A., The problems of cosmic ray particle simulation for the near-Earth orbital and interplanetary flight conditions, Radiation Measurements 30, 6698-677, 1999.

8.3.7. Nymmik R.A., Panasyuk M.I., Petrukhin V.V., Yushkov B.Yu., Method and results of the analysis of data on vertical rigidities of cosmic rays cutoff in the geomagnetic field. Proc. 30th ICRC, Merida, Mexico, V1, P.701, 2008..

8.3.8 Íûììèê Ð.À., Ïàíàñþê Ì.È., Ïåòðóõèí Â.Â., Þøêîâ Á.Þ. Ìåòîä ðàñ÷åòà âåðòèêàëüîé æåñòêîñòè îáðåçàíèÿ â ãåîìàãíèòíîì ïîëå, 30-ÿ ÐÊÊË, Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã, 2008, (ÃÅÎ) òåçèñû è òåêñò íà DC.š

9. Particle flux models and their validation

9.1. Galactic Cosmic Rays

9.1.1. R.A.Nymmik A.A.Suslov. Large-scale modulation of galactic cosmic rays; energy (rigidity) spectra of protons and He nuclei beyond the modulation region, Izv. Akad. Nayk SSSR, ser. fiz., v. 52, No.12, pp.2330-2333, 1988.
9.1.2. Nymmik R.A., Panasyuk M.I., Pervaya T.I., Suslov A.A. A model of galactic cosmic ray fluxes. Nucl. Tracks. Radiat. Meas. Vol. 20, No.3, pp. 427-429, 1992.
9.1.3. Nymmik R.A., M.I.Panasyuk, T.I.Pervaya A.A.Suslov, An analytical model, describing dynamics of galactic cosmic ray heavy particles, Adv. Space Res. V.14, No.10 pp . (10)750-(10)763, 1994.
9.1.4. Nymmik R.A., A.A.Suslov Characteristics of galactic cosmic ray flux lag times in the course of solar modulation., Adv. Space Res. V.16, N.9, pp. (9)217-(9)220, 1995.
9.1.5. Nymmik R.A., M.I. Panasyuk , A.A. Suslov, Galactic Cosmic Ray flux simulation and prediction Adv. Space Res. V.17, N.2, pp. (2)19-(2)30, 1995.
9.1.6. Nymmik R.A., A.A. Suslov Some trends in perfecting the dynamic models of cosmic ray modulation, Radiation Measurements, V. 26, No. 3, pp. 477-480, 1996.
9.1.7. Beliaev A.A., Nymmik R.A., M.I.Panasyuk, T.I.Pervaya, A.A.Suslov Generalization of the data on galactic cosmic ray particle fluxes in terms of dynamic model,. Radiation Measurements, V. 26, No. 3, pp. 481-486, 1996.
9.1.8. Nymmik R.A., Time lag of Galactic Cosmic Ray Ray Modulation: Conformity to General Regularities and Influence on Particle Energy Spectra, Adv. Space Res. V.26, N 11, pp. 1875-1878, 2000
9.1.9. Áàðàíîâ Ä.Ã., Þ.Ô.Ãàãàðèí, Â.À.Äåðãà÷åâ, Ð.À.Íûììèê, Å.À.ßêóáîâñêèé, Ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèå ñïåêòðû ÿäåð æåëåçà ìàëûõ ýíåðãèé Ãàëàêòè÷åñêèõ êîñìè÷åñêèõ ëó÷åé â ýêñòðåìóìàõ ñîëíå÷íîé àêòèâíîñòè, 28 Âñåðîññèéñêàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ ïî êîñìè÷åñêèì ëó÷àì, 7-11 èþíÿ 2004,, ÌÈÔÈ, Ìîñêâà, Ýëåêòðîííûé ñáîðíèê òðóäîâ, ñòð. 2201-2204, 2004.
9.1.10. Áàðàíîâ Ä.Ã., Ãàãàðèí Þ.Ô., Äåðãà÷åâ Â.À., Íûììèê Ð.À., ßêóáîâñêèé Å.À., Ðåãèñòðàöèÿ òÿæåëûõ ÿäåð êîñìè÷åñêèõ ëó÷åé â ìàãíèòîñôåðå Çåìëè: ýêñïåðèìåíò ÏËÀÒÀÍ, Ãåîìàãíåòèçì è Àýðîíîìèè,. 44(6), 1-8, 2004.

9.1.11š Nymmik R.A., Initial conditions for radiation analysis: Models of galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events, Adv. Space Res. 38, 1182-1190, 2006.

 

9.2. The Solar Energectic Particle fluxes

9.2.1. Nymmik, R.A. "Averaged energy spectra of peak flux and fluence values in Solar Cosmic Ray events", in proceedings of 23rd ICRC, Calgary 19-30, 3, pp.29-32, 1993.
9.2.2. Nymmik R.A., Model of the particle fluxes and averaged energy spectra of solar cosmic rays. Kosmich. Issl., v.31, No.6. pp.51-59, 1993.
9.2.3. Nymmik R.A., Behavioural Features of Energy Spectra of Particle Fluences and Peak Flux in Solar Cosmic Rays Proceedings 24th ICRC (Roma), 3, 66 ,1995.
9.2.4. Nymmik R.A., A model for solar cosmic ray events, Radiation Measurements V. 26, No. 3, pp. 417-420, 1996.
9.2.5. Nymmik R.A., About the dependence of SEPO event occrrence frequency on solar activity. Space Res., v.35, No.2, pp.213-215, 1997.
9.2.6. Kurt Victoria G. and R.A.Nymmik. SEP event distribution of >30 MeV proton fluence sizes. Space Res., v.35, No.6, pp.598-609, 1997.
9.2.7. Nymmik R.A.. Statistic and functional analysis of the energy spectrum parameters of solar 1* Z * 28 particles. Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, ser. fiz., v.61, No.6, pp.1058-1061, 1997.
9.2.8. Nymmik R.A., The models of the solar energetic particle events (overview), Solicited Report F2.3-0002 on 32nd Scientific Assembly of Cospar, 1998, 12-19 July 1998, Nagoya, Japan, Abstracts p. 401, to be published in Adv. Space Res.
9.2.9. Nymmik R.A., Relationships among Solar Activity, SEP Occurrence Frequency, and Solar Energetic Particle Event Distribution Function, Proceedings of the 25th ICRC V.6, pp. 280-283, 1999.
9.2.10. Nymmik R.A. Probabilistic Model for Fluences and Peak Fluxes of Solar Energetic Particles, Radiation Measurements 30, 3, 287-296, 1999.
9.2.11. Nymmik R.A., Solar Energetic Particle Event Distribution Function as Inferred from Spaceborne Measurements and Lunar Rock Isotopic Data, Proceedings of the 25th ICRC, V. 6, pp. 268-271, 1999.
9.2.12. Nymmik R.A., The main characteristics of the solar energetic particle events relevant to solar activity, in Proc. of ICRC2001, 3197, 2001.
9.2.13. Mottl D.A, Nymmik R.A., Sladkova A.I., Spectra of solar energetic protons derived from statistical analysis of experimental data on a large set of events, in Proc. of ICRC2001, 3185, 2001.
9.2.14. Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A., Panasyuk M.I., 2001b The balance between fluxes of galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles, depending on solar activity, in Proc. of ICRC2001, 3193, 2001.
9.2.15. Baranov D.G, Dergachev V.A, Gagarin Yu.F., Mottl D.A., and Nymmik R.A., About the energy spectra of solar energetic particle events heavy ions, Proc. ICRC 2001, 3181
9.2.16. Mottl D.A., Nymmik R.A., The Solar activity and the Solar Energetic Particle events, Izvestia Acad. Nauk, ser. phys., V.65, N 3, pp. 314-316, 2001.
9.2.17. D.A.Mottl, R.A.Nymmik and A.I.Sladkova, Energy spectra of high energy SEP event protons derived from statistical analysis of experimental data on a large set of events, "Space Technology and Applications International Forum 2001", Albuquerque, NM, Ed. Mohamed S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, Vol. 552, 1191-1196, Springer-Verlag New York, 2001
9.2.18. D.G.Baranov, V.A.Dergachev, Yu.F.Gagarin, V.I.Lyagushin, R.A.Nymmik, M.I.Panasyuk, A.V.Solov'ev, E.A.Yakubovskii, The high energy heavy particle fluences in the orbits of manned space stations, Radiation Measurements, V.35, No. 5,š 423-431,2002
9.2.19. Nymmik R.A., Some problems of monitoring, modeling and forecasting of solar energetic particle fluxes, NATO Advanced Research Workshop, ?Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure?, Rhodes , Greece , 25029 March, Abstracts Book, p.48, 2003.
9.2.20. D.Mottl and R.Nymmik, Errors in the particle flux measurement data relevant to solar energetic particle spectra, Adv. Space Res. V.32, No. 11, pp. 2349-2353, 2003.
9.2.21. R .A. Nymmik, F. Keshtova and D. Mottl, About the systematic technical errors in the solar energetic particle monitoring databases, The International Space Environment Conference 2003, Sept. 2-5, Toulouse , France , Abstract Book, P.50, 2003.
9.2.22. Nymmik R.A., Some problems of monitoring, modeling and forecasting of solar energetic particle fluxes, NATO Advanced Research Workshop, ?Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure?, Rhodes , Greece , 25029 March, Abstracts Book, p.48, 2003.
9.2.23. Ìîòòëü Ä.À., Ð.À.Íûììèê, Ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèå ñïåêòðû ñîëíå÷íûõ êîñìè÷åñêèõ ëó÷åé: äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòü è ìèôû, Èçâåñòèÿ ÀÍ, ñåð. ôèç. 67(4),465-468, 2003.
9.2.24. R.A.Nymmik, N.V.Kuznetsov, D.A.Mottl, M.I.Panasyuk and E.D.Tolstaya, The probabilistic model of the Solar Energetic Proton peak fluxes and fluences: an update, The International Space Environment Conference 2003, Sept. 2-5, Toulouse , France , Abstract Book, P.50, 2003.
9.2.25. Nymmik R., Characteristics of the 23 cycle SEP event fluxes compared with the previous solar cycle data, CD: 35 th COSPAR Scientific Assembly 2004. (Paris, France , 18-25 July 2004). Abstract-Number A-01547, Report Number D2.5/E3.5-0074-04.
9.2.26 Íûììèê Ð.À., Çàêîíîìåðíîñòè, ïðèñóùèå ôóíêöèÿì ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñîáûòèé ñîëíå÷íûõ âûñîêîýíåðãè÷íûõ ÷àñòèö, 28-ÿ Âñåðîññèéñêàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ ïî êîñìè÷åñêèì ëó÷àì, Ìîñêâà, 07-11 èþíÿ 2004 ã., Òåçèñû äîêëàäîâ, ñòð. 144. 2004.
9.2.27 Íûììèê Ð.À., Çàêîíîìåðíîñòè, ïðèñóùèå ñîáûòèÿì è ïîòîêàì ñîëíå÷íûõ âûñîêîýíåðãè÷íûõ ÷àñòèö. Âñåðîññèéñêîé àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè ÂÀÊ-2004,3-10 èþíÿ 2004, Ìîñêâà, 92, 2004.

9.2.28 N.V.Kuznetsov, R.A.Nymmik, M.I.Panasyuk, Models of solar energetic particle fluxes: The main requirements and development prospects, Advances in Space Research, 36, 2003-2011, 2005.
9.2.29. Ð.Íûììèê, ?Çàêîíîìåðíîñòè, ïðèñóùèå ñîáûòèÿì è ïîòîêàì ÷àñòèö ñîëíå÷íûõ êîñìè÷åñêèõ ëó÷åé, êàê îñíîâà äîëãîñðî÷íîãî ïðîãíîçà?, òåçèñû äîêëàäîâ Âñåðîññèéñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè ?Ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå è òåîðåòè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ îñíîâ ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèÿ ãåëèîôèçè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòè?, ÈÇÌÈÐÀÍ, ã. Òðîèöê, 10-15 îêòÿáðÿ 2005, ñòð. 56.
9.2.30. N.V.Kuznetsov, R.A.Nymmik, M.I.Panasyuk, Models of solar energetic particle fluxes: The main requirements and the development prospects, Adv. Space Res. 36, pp.2003-2011, 2005.

8.2.31. R.Nymmik, ?Long-term prediction of solar extreme events based on the general regularities of energetic particle generation by the Sun?, International Symposium, Solar Extreme Events: Fundamental science and applied aspects, Nor-Amberd, Armenia, 26-30 September 2005, Proceedings pp. 25-30, 2006.

9.2.32š Nymmik R.A., Initial conditions for radiation analysis: Models of galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events, Adv. Space Res. 38, 1182-1190, 2006.

9.2.33. Mottl D., Nymmik R. The issues of reliability of solar energetic proton flux databases and models, Advances in Space Research 39, 1355-1361, 2007.

9.2.34š Nymmik R.A., Regularities of solar cosmic ray events and fluxes, Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics 71, 7, 962-964, 2007.

9.2.35 Nymmik R., To the problem on the regularities of solar energetic particle events occurrence, Advances in Space Research 40, 6, 321-325, 2007.

9.2.36 Nymmik R., Extremely large solar high-energy particle events: Occurrence probability and characteristic, Advances in Space Research 40 (6), 326-330, 2007.

9.2.37 Nymmik R.A., Regularities inherent in the fluxes of high-energy particles of the Sun: the experimental data and the probabilistic model, International Heliophysical year: New sights into solar-terrestrial physics (IHY2007-NISTR), Zvenigorod, Moscow region, Russia, Nov. 5-11, 2007, Abstracts 87, 2007. To be published in the Solar-terrestrial physics collection published by Institute of Solar-terrestrial Physics of the Russian Academy of Science Siberian branch.šš

9.2.38. Nymmik R., Improved environment radiation models, Advances in Space Research 40, 313-320, 2007.

9.2.39 Êóçíåöîâ Í.Â., Íûììèê Ð.À., Ïàíàñþê Ì.È., Çàâèñèìîñòü ïîòîêîâ âûñîêîýíåðãè÷íîé êîñìè÷åñêîé ðàäèàöèè îò ñîëíå÷íîé àêòèâíîñòè: ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå ïðîáëåìû, Òåçèñû êîíôåðåíöèè: ?Cèñòåìû æèçíåîáåñïå÷åíèÿ êàê ñðåäñòâî îñâîåíèÿ ÷åëîâåêîì äàëüíåãî êîñìîñà?, 50-51, Ìîñêâà 24-27 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2008.

9.2.40 Nymmik R.A., To the problem on the reliability of solar energetic proton flux models, Adv. Space Res. 42(7),1288-1292, 2008.

 

9.3 Galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles

9.3.1. Nymmik R.A., Model descriptions of Galactic cosmic rays and Solar energetic particles for estimating radiation expose during missions to Mars, Abstracts for COSPAR colloquium ?Radiation Safety for manned missions to Mars?, September 29 ? October 01, p. 24, Dubna, Russia, 2003.
9.3.2. Íûììèê Ð.À. Ïðîáëåìû äîñòîâåðíîñòè áàç äàííûõ è ìîäåëåé ñîëíå÷íûõ êîñìè÷åñêèõ ëó÷åé, Òåçèñû äîêëàäîâ êîíôåðåíöèè ?Âëèÿíèå âíåøíèõ âîçäåéñòâóþùèõ ôàêòîðîâ íà ýëåìåíòíóþ áàçó àïïàðàòóðû àâèàöèîííîé è êîñìè÷åñêîé òåõíèêè? 16-17 àïðåëÿ 2003, ÐÀÊÀ, ã.Êîðîëåâ, 2003.
9.3.3. Nymmik R.A., Initial Condition for Radiation Analysis : Models for Galactic Cosmic Rays and Solar Particle Events, CD: 35 th COSPAR Scientific Assembly 2004. ( Paris , France , 18-25 July 2004). Abstract-Number -A-01136, Report Number F2.8/D0.1/PSRB2-0002-04, submitted to Adv. Space Res.
9.3.4. Nymmik R., The empirical and semi-empirical methodology in the Cosmic Ray and Solar Energetic particle flux model development, CD: 35 th COSPAR Scientific Assembly 2004. ( Paris , France , 18-25 July 2004). Abstract-Number-A-01549, Report Number PSRB/F2.9-0001-04.

9.3.5š Nymmik R.A., Initial conditions for radiation analysis: Models of galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events, Adv. Space Res. 38, 1182-1190, 2006.

9.3.5 Nymmik R.,š Improved environment radiation models, Advances in Space Research 40, 313-320, 2007.

9.3.6 Sadovnitsi V.A., Panasyuk V.I., ?.Nymmik R.A. et al.,š First results of the space environmentš investigation on the spacecraftš Universitetski-Tatjana, Kosmitsheskie Issledovanija (in Russian), Space Res. (in English),šš 45 (4), 291-305, 2007.

š

 

10. Space radiation environment of spacecraft trajectories; Radiation effects

10.1. The general space radiation environment of spacecraft trajectories and in the upper atmosphere.

10.1.1. Akopova A.B., Magaradze N.V., Moiseenko A.A., Nymmik R.A., Tolstaya E.D. On the feasibility of studying the fluxes of protons and helium isotopes with nuclear photoemulsion against the background of radiation belt particles. XVII International solid State Nuclear Detector Conference, Dubna 24-29 August, 1994
10.1.2. Nymmik R.A., Space Radiation Environment Defined by Galactic and Solar Cosmic Ray Fluxes as Expected During the Solar Probe Spacecraft Mission . in Proceedings of the First US-Russian Scientific Workshop on FIRE Environment, edited by O.Vaisberg, B.Tsurutani, Moscow June 5-7, pp.39-54, 1995.
10.1.3. Dementyev A.V, Nymmik R.A.,.Sobolevsky N.M., Nucleon Spectra behind 1-100 g/cm Aluminium Shielding under galactic and Solar Cosmic Rays Irradiation. in Proceedings of the First US-Russian Scientific Workshop on FIRE Environment, edited by O.Vaisberg, B.Tsurutani, Moscow June 5-7, pp.241-246, 1995.
10.1.4. Marenny A.M., Nymmik R.A., Tolstaya E.D., Benton E.V., Radiation environment in the near space as treated in terms of model representation Radiation Measurements, V. 26, No. 3, pp. 493-496, 1996.
10.1.5. Dementyev A.V, Sobolevsky N.M.and Nymmik R.A., Secondary Protons and Neutrons Generated by Galactic and Solar Cosmic Ray Particles Behind 1-100 g/cm² Aluminium Shielding, Adv.Space Res. V.21, No.12, pp. 1796-1796, 1998.
10.1.6. Nymmik R.A., Radiation Environment Induced by Cosmic Ray Particle Fluxes in International Space Station Orbit According to Recent Solar and Galactic Cosmic Ray Models, Adv.Space Res. V.21, No.12, pp. 1689-1698, 1998.
10.1.7. Nymmik R.A., Predicting the Solar and Galactic Cosmic Ray Fluxes Influencing the Upper Atmosphere in Dependence on Solar Activity Level, Adv.Space Res. V.22, No.1, pp. 143-146, 1998.
10.1.8. Gagarin Yu.F., Marenny A.M., Nymmik R.A., Panasyuk M.I., Heavy Particle Fluxes in Salyut Station Orbit, Adv.Space Res. V.21, No.12, pp. 1699-1702, 1998.
10.1.9. Nymmik R.A., The Problems of Cosmic Ray Particle Simulation for the Near-Earth Orbital and Interplanetary Flight Conditions, Radiation Measurements 30, pp.669-677, 1999.
10.1.10. Í.Ì.Õàìèäóëëèíà, Í.Â.Êóçíåöîâ, Ð.À.Íûììèê, Ì.Å.Àðòåìîâ "Ðàäèàöèîííûå óñëîâèÿ â ïåðèîä ïîëåòà êîñìè÷åñêîãî àïïàðàòà "Ôîáîñ-Ãðóíò". Ñáîðíèê íàó÷íûõ òðóäîâ ÍÏÎ èì.Ñ.À.Ëàâî÷êèíà, âûï. 3, ïîä. îáù. ðåä. ä.ò.í. Ñ.Ä.Êóëèêîâà, ñòð. 25-29á 2001.
10.1.11. N.V. Kuznetsov, R.A. Nymmik and M.I. Panasyuk, The Balance Between SEP and GCR Particle Fluxes in Interplanetary Space, Depending on Solar Activity Level", Space Technology and Applications International Forum 2001", Albuquerque, NM, Ed. Mohamed S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, Vol. 552, 1197-1202, Springer-Verlag New York, 2001.
10.1.12. Kuznetsov N.V, Nymmik R.A. The dependence of solar energetic particle fluxes in the Earth-Mars-earth route on solar activity period, Advances in Space Research. V.30/4, P. 981-984, 2002.
10.1.13. Êóçíåöîâ Í.Â., Íûììèê Ð.À., Îöåíêà ðàäèàöèîííûõ óñëîâèé ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ ÐÝÀ ïðè âîçäåéñòâèè ñîëíå÷íûõ êîñìè÷åñêèõ ëó÷åé. (A estimation of solar energetic particle impact on electronics devices of spacecraft), Âîïðîñû àòîìíîé íàóêè è òåõíèêè (ÂÀÍÒ), ñåðèÿ ðàäèàöèîííîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ íà ðàäèîýëåêòðîííóþ àïïàðàòóðó. 2002, âûï. 1-2, ñòð. 3-6.
10.1.14. Khammidulina N.M., Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A., Panasyuk M.I., Pickhadze K.M., Sobolevsky N.M., Tolstaya E.D., Zefirov I.A., A prediction of the adsorbed and equivalent doses onboard the Mars spacecraft, Abstracts for COSPAR colloquium ?Radiation Safety for manned missions to Mars?, September 29 ? October 01, p. 30, Dubna, Russia, 2003.

10.1.15 Êóçíåöîâ Í.Â., Íûììèê Ð.À., Ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèå ïîãëîùåííîé äîçû íà êîñìè÷åñêèõ àïïàðàòàõ ïðè âîçäåéñòâèè ïîòîêîâ ÷àñòèö ñîëíå÷íûõ êîñìè÷åñêèõ ëó÷åé. Êîñìè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ. Ò.41, ? 6, 585-589, 2003
10.1.16. N.V.Kuznetsov, R.A.Nymmik, M.I.Panasyuk, Solar energetic particles: their effects relevant to space missions, NATO Advanced Research Workshop, ?Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure?, Rhodes , Greece , 25029 March, Abstracts Book, P.41, 2003.

10.1.16 Áàðàíîâ Ä.Ã., Þ.Ô.Ãàãàðèí, Â.À.Äåðãà÷åâ, Ð.À.Íûììèê, À.Â.Ñîëîâüåâ, Å.À.ßêóáîâñêèé, Ñòàòóñ ýêñïåðèìåíòà Ïëàòàí íà îðáèòàëüíûõ ñòàíöèÿõ, Èçâåñòèÿ ÀÍ,š ñåð. ôèç. 67(4), 527-529, 2003.

10.1.17 Áàðàíîâ Ä.Ã., Äåðãà÷åâ Â.À., Íûììèê Ð.À., ßêóáîâñêèé Å.À.,š Ãàãàðèí Þ.Ô.,š Ðåãèñòðàöèÿ òÿæåëûõ ÿäåð êîñìè÷åñêèõ ëó÷åé â ìàãíèòîñôåðå Çåìëè: ýêñïåðèìåíò ÏËÀÒÀÍ, Ãåîìàãíåòèçì è Àýðîíîìèÿ, 44, 6, 1-8, 2004

10.1.18. Íûììèê Ð.À., Çàêîíîìåðíîñòè, ïðèñóùèå ñîáûòèÿì è ïîòîêàì ñîëíå÷íûõ âûñîêîýíåðãè÷íûõ ÷àñòèö, Òðóäû Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîãî èíñòèòóòà èì. Øòåðíáåðãà, Òåçèñû äîêëàäîâ Âñåðîññèéñêîé àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè ÂÀÊ-2004 ?Ãîðèçîíòû âñåëåííîé?, ÌÃÓ, ÃÀÈØ, 3-10 èþíÿ 2004, 75, 92, 2004.
10.1.19. N.Kuznetsov, R.Nymmik, M.Panasyuk, E Sosnovets and M.Teltsov, Detection and prediction of absorbed doses from solar proton fluxes onboard orbital stations, Cosmic Research V.42, No.3, pp.211-218, 2004 (both in Russian and in English).
10.1.20. Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A., Panasyuk M.I., Sosnovets E.N., Teltsov M.V. Absorbed radiation doses induced by solar protons onboard orbital stations and spacecraft: experiments and calculations. CD: 35 th COSPAR Scientific Assembly 2004. ( Paris , France , 18-25 July 2004). Abstract-Number A-01548. Paper-Number F2.6-0020-04.
10.1.21. Ëóêüÿùåíêî  . È ., Óæåãîâ  . Ì ., ßêîâëåâ Ì .  ., Êóâøèííèêîâ  . Ì ., Ìèõàéëîâ Ì . À . Á Øèâàíîâ Ô .  ., Ãåöåëåâ È .  ., Êóçíåöîâ Í .  ., Íûììèê Ð . À ., Çèí÷åíêî  . Ô ., Óëèìîâ  . Í . Ðàäèàöèîííûå óñëîâèÿ íà áîðòó êîñìè÷åñêèõ àïïàðàòîâ . Ðàäèàöèîííàÿ ñòîéêîñòü ýëåêòðîííûõ ñèñòåì. Íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêèé ñáîðíèê ?Ñòîéêîñòü-2004? (Òåçèñû Âñåðîññèéñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè ?Ñòîéêîñòü-2002?, ã.Ëûòêàðèíî, 1-3 èþíÿ 2002), ÑÏÝËÑ, Ìîñêâà, âûïóñê 7. 19-20, 2002.
10.1.22. Ãåöåëåâ È.Â., Êóçíåöîâ Í.Â., Íûììèê Ð.À., è äð. (êîëëàáîðàöèÿ àâòîðîâ). Ìåòîäû ðàñ÷åòà ðàäèàöèîííûõ óñëîâèé ðàáîòû êîñìè÷åñêèõ àïïàðàòîâ è èõ ñèñòåì çà ñ÷åò äåéñòâèÿ çàðÿæåííûõ ÷àñòèö êîñìè÷åñêîãî ïðîñòðàíñòâà åñòåñòâåííîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ. Ìåòîäè÷åñêîå ïîñîáèå. Ïîä ðåäàêöèåé Ãðîìîâà Î.Ã., Ëóêüÿùåíêî Â.È., Ïàíàñþêà Ì.È. Êîñìè÷åñêèå âîéñêà âîîðóæåííûõ ñèë ÐÔ, Ìîñêâà, 2004. 228 ñòð.
10.1.23. Ïè÷õàäçå K.M., Ïàíàñþê Ì.È., Õàìèäóëëèíà Í.Ì., Êóçíåöîâ Í.Â., Íûììèê Ð.À., Ñîáîëåâñêèé Í.Ì., Çåôèðîâ È.Â. Ìåòîäèêà ðàñ÷åòà ïîãëîùåííîé äîçû íà ìåæïëàíåòíûõ êîñìè÷åñêèõ àïïàðàòàõ. (êîñìè÷åñêèé àïïàðàò ?Ôîáîñ-Ãðóíò?). Ñáîðíèê íàó÷íûõ ñòàòåé ÍÏÎ èì. Ñ.À.Ëàâî÷êèíà. Âûïóñê 5, 34-39, 2004.
10.1.24. K.Pichkhadze, M.Panasyuk, N.Kuznetsov, R.Nymmik, N.Sobolevski, N.Khamidulina and I.Ziferov, A method for calculating absorbed doses onboard spacecraft for interplanetary missions, Cosmic Research, V.42, No.3., pp.233-236, 2005 (both in Russian and in English).

10.1.25 Ñàäîâíè÷èé Â.À., Ïàíàñþê Ì.È., Áîáðîâíèêîâ Ñ.Þ.,?.Êóçíåöîâ Í.Â., Íûììèê Ð.À.,?.(âñåãî 44 àâòîðà), Ïåðâûå ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèÿ êîñìè÷åñêîé ñðåäû íà ñïóòíèêå ?Óíèâåðñèòåòñêèé-Òàòüÿíà, Êîñìè÷åñêèå ècñëåäîâàíèÿ 45(4), 291-305, 2007.

 

10.2. Radiation effects in spacecraft instruments

10.2.1. Verhoturov B.I., Grafodatski O.S., Kuznetsov N.V., Maslov S.I., Nymmik R.A., Panasyuk M.I., Methods for testing and assessing the SEU in digital chips during space flights. Electronics Technologies, series 8, N 4, pp.60-62, 1992.
10.2.2. Verhoturov B.I., Grafodatski O.S., Kuznetsov N.V., Maslov S.I., Nymmik R.A., Panasyuk M.I., Methods for predicting the cosmic ray ion-induced SEU in large digital chips. Problems in Atomic Science and Technologies No. 2, pp. 39-41, 1992.
10.2.3. Vologdin N.I., Kuznetsov H.V., Hymmik R.A., Panasyuk M.I., Methods for predicting the cosmic ray heavy ion-induced SEU in large and super-large digital chips. Special Problems in Atomic Science and Technologie No. 1, ñ . 13-17. 1992
10.2.4. Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A., Background fluxes as a source of SEU in spacecraft chips. Space Research, V.32, No.2, pp.112-117, 1994.
10.2.5. Adams J.H., Beliaev A.A., Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A., Smith Ed., Occurrence frequency of single-event upsets inducted on synchronous orbit: model calculations and TDRS-1 experiment. Radiat. Meas., V.22, No. 3, pp. 509-512,1996.
10.2.6. N.V.Kuznetsov, Nymmik R.A., Estimation of the let threshold of single event upset of microelectronics in the experiments with Cf, Radiation Measurements, V. 26, No. 3, pp. 527-530, 1996.
10.2.7.N.V.Kuznetsov, Nymmik R.A., Single Event Upsets of Spacecraft Microelectronics Exposed to Solar Cosmic Rays ESA Symposium proceedings on "Environment modelling for spacebased applications, ESTEC, Noordwijk, NLV, 18-20 September 1996, pp. 103-109.
10.2.8.Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A., SEP event-induced SEU in spacecraft microchips. Space Research V. 35, No. 5, pp. 465-479, 1997.
10.2.9.Bashkirov V.F., Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A., An Analysis of the SEU Rate of Microcircuits Exposed by the Various Components of Space Radiation, Radiation Measurements 30, 3, 427-433, 1999.
10.2.10. Bashkirov V.F., Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A., Estimation of SEU rate in spacecraft microchips. Problems in Atomic Science and Technologies, ser. Radiation impact on radio-electronic equipment, No. 1-2, 142-146, 1999.
10.2.11. Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A., Popov V.D., The Forecasting of the Microcircuits Serviceability inside of the space radiation fields. In: Radiation Resistance of Electronics (Proc. All-Russian Conf. ResiResistance-2000, Lytkarino, June 6-8, 2000 ), SPELS, 2000, pp. 63-64.
10.2.12. N. V Kuznetsov, R. A. Nymmik, M. I. Panasyuk, N. M. Sobolevsky, Equivalent Dose During Long-Term Interplanetary Missions Depending on Solar Activity Level", Space Technology and Applications International Forum 2001", Albuquerque, NM, Ed. Mohamed S. El-Genk, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, Vol. 552, 1240-1245, Springer-Verlag New York, 2001.
10.2.13. Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A., Sobolevsky N.M. , Estimates of radiation effect for a spacecraft on the Earth-Mars-Earth route., Advances in Space Research. V.30/4, P. 985-988.,2002.
10.2.14. Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A. ., Prediction of absorbed doses for spacecraft irradiated particle fluxes of solar cosmic rays, Cosmic Research ( Êîñìè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ). V.41, ? 6, 585-589, 2003. (Both in English and Russian).
10.2.15. Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A. ., Panasyuk M.I., Sosnovets E.N., Teltsov M.V., Detection sand prediction of absorbed radiation doses from solar proton fluxes onboard orbital stations, Êîñìè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ,(Cosmic Res.) 42(3), 211-218, 2004, (both in Russian and in English).

11. The radiation conditions in the interplanetary space (Moon and Mars expeditions)

 

11.1 Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A., Popov V.D., Khamidulina N.M., Predictions of space radiation environment asnd electronic serviceability in the Earth-Mars-Earth spacecraft trajectory, Space Radiation Environment Workshop (SREW) Farnborough, UK, 1-5 Nov. CDROM 1999.

11.2 Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A., Sobolevsky N.M., Estimates of radiation effect for a spacecraft on the Earth-Mars-Earth route, Adv. Space Res. V., 30 (4), 985-988, 2002.

11.3 Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A., The dependence of solar energetic particle fluxes in the Earth-Mars-Earth route on solar activity period, Adv. Space Res., 30(4), 981-984, 2002.

11.4 Nymmik R.A., Model descriptions of Galactic cosmic rays and Solar energetic particles for estimating radiation expose during missions to Mars, Abstracts for COSPAR colloquium ?Radiation Safety for manned missions to Mars?, September 29 ? October 01, p. 24, Dubna, Russia, 2003.

11.5 Khammidulina N.M., Kuznetsov N.V., Nymmik R.A., Panasyuk M.I., Pickhadze K.M., Sobolevsky N.M., Tolstaya E.D., Zefirov I.A., A prediction of the adsorbed and equivalent doses onboard the Mars spacecraft, Abstracts for COSPAR colloquium ?Radiation Safety for manned missions to Mars?, September 29 ? October 01, p. 30, Dubna, Russia, 2003.

11.6 Ïè÷õàäçå K.M., Ïàíàñþê Ì.È., Õàìèäóëëèíà Í.Ì., Êóçíåöîâ Í.Â., Íûììèê Ð.À., Ñîáîëåâñêèé Í.Ì., Çåôèðîâ È.Â. Ìåòîäèêà ðàñ÷åòà ïîãëîùåííîé äîçû íà ìåæïëàíåòíûõ êîñìè÷åñêèõ àïïàðàòàõ. (êîñìè÷åñêèé àïïàðàò ?Ôîáîñ-Ãðóíò?). Ñáîðíèê íàó÷íûõ ñòàòåé ÍÏÎ èì. Ñ.À.Ëàâî÷êèíà. Âûïóñê 5, 34-39, 2004.

12. Space weather

11.1. Dmitriev A., Belov A., Gorgutsa R., Ishkov I., Kozlov V., Nymmik R., Odintsov V., Petrukovich A., Popov G., Romashets E., Shevchenko M., Troshichev O., Tverskaya L., Zaitsev A., The development of the Russian space weather initiatives, Adv. Space Res., V. 31 (4), 855-860, 2003.

13. Publitsistikat eesti keeles

(Ïóáëèöèñòèêè íà ýñòîíñêîì ÿçûêå)

13.1. Social and political journalism in Estonian

 

13.1.1. R. N?mmik, Mida arvavad E esti poliitikast Moskva demokraadid? ? Rahva H ?? l ? 23. m ? rts, 1991
13.1.2. R. N?mmik, Selline on pilk tulevase piiri tagant, ?Rahva H??l?, 19. novembril, 1991
13.1.3. R. N?mmik, Eesti teadlane Moskvas augustiputsi keerises, ? Eesti P?evaleht? 13 ja 14 juulil 2001.
13.1.4. R. N?mmik, Moskva, 19. august 1991, kogumikus 10 aastat uut Eestit, Aastaraamatu Kes?Mis?Kus? eriv?ljaanne, Eesti P?evaleht ja T?nap?ev, 2001.
13.1.5. R.N?mmik, Vanker ees, hobune j?rel (kriitika Eesti haldusreformi l?biviimise meetodite kohta), ?Postimees?, 05.02.2002.
13.1.6. R.N?mmik, Lugejale - sissejuhatus raamatule ?Moskva Eesti Selts (1989-2000)?, Global Inform XXI Vek, Moskva, 2002, lhk.5-8 (sama vene ja inglise keeles).
13.1.7. V?lis-Eesti liikumise sihid ja vormid uutes ajaloolistes tingimustes (koostanud R.N.), ilmunud Rootsi ?Eesti P?evalehes? 26.03.1998 ja raamatus ?Moskva Eesti Selts (1989-2000)?, Global Inform XXI Vek, Moskva, 2002, lhk.51-53.
13.1.8. R.N?mmik, ?marlaud Ida-L??s, raamatus ?Moskva Eesti Selts (1989-2000)?, Global Inform XXI Vek, Moskva, 2002, lhk.48-53.
13.1.9. R.N?mmik, Murrangulised aastad (Moskva 1988-1991), raamatus ?Moskva Eesti Selts (1989-2000)?, Global Inform XXI Vek, Moskva, 2002, lhk.77-102.
13.1.10. R.N?mmik, N?unikest, haridusest ja riigist, ?Postimees? 08.03.2002.
13.1.11. R.N?mmik, Kosmos on risk, kosmos ei andesta, ?Postimees? 04.02.2003.
13.1.12. R.N?mmik, ?Saateks?- sissejuhatav esinemine ?lemaailmse Eesti p?evade Teadlaste konverentsil, teesid, Riia, 2004, lhk. 1.
13.1.13. R.N?mmik, Millal inimene k?ib Marsil ?ra? ?lemaailmsed Eesti p?evad. Teadlaste konverents, teesid, Riia 2004, lhk. 13.

12.1.14 R.N?mmik, Telesild Moskvast n?htuna, (Moskva-Tallinn telesild Pronkss?durist) Eesti P?evaleht, 19.01.2007

12.1.15 R.N?mmik, Tudengid teevad Eestist kosmoseriigi? Postimees, 01.08.2008

š

13. Ïóáëèöèñòèêè íà ðóññêîì

(Publitsistikat vene keeles)

13.1. Ë.Âåäåøèí, Ð.Íûììèê, Ñîïåðíèê óñêîðèòåëåé (ê çàïóñêó ñïóòíèêà ?Èíòåðêîñì îñ-6?), ?Èçâåñòèÿ? 09.04.1972.
13.2. Ë.Âåäåøèí, Ð.Íûììèê, ?Èíòåðêîñìîñ-6?: çåìíîå ïðîäîëæåíèå ïîëåòà, ?Èçâåñòèÿ? 21.04.1972.
13.3. Íûììèê Ð.À., Êòî æå îäåðæàë ïîáåäó? (êðèòèêà âûáîðîâ äåëåãàòîâ íà XIX âñåñîþçíóþ ïàðòêîíôåðåíöèþ â ÌÃÓ) ?Ìîñêîâñêèé Óíèâåðñèòåò, 24.06. 1988.
13.4. Íûììèê Ð.À., Îáñóæäàåì ïðîåêò Óñòàâà ÌÃÓ, ?Ìîñêîâñêèé Óíèâåðñèòåò, 20.10. 1988.
13.5. Íûììèê Ð.À., Ýñòîíèÿ: âçãëÿä èçíóòðè, ?Ìîñêîâñêèé Óíèâåðñèòåò, 06.10. 1988.
13.6. Íûììèê Ð.À., Ôàíàòèêîì íèêòî íå áûë (îïðîâåðæåíèå ïóáëèêàöèé ñîâåòñêîé ïå÷àòè, èñêàæàþùèõ ïðàâäó î ñîáûòèÿõ â äåðåâíå Êàóòëà Ýñòîíèè îñåíüþ 1941), ?Ìîñêîâñêèé Óíèâåðñèòåò, 28.12. 1989.
13.7. Ãàçåòà ?Ìîñêîâñêèé Óíèâåðñèòåò çà 1988-1989, 3 êðàòêèõ îáçîðà âûñòóïëåíèé Ð.Í. íà ïàðòèéíûõ êîíôåðåíöèÿõ è àêòèâàõ ÌÃÓ.
13.8. Ïîãðàíè÷íûé íàëîã ïðîòèâîðå÷èò Êîíñòèòóöèè Ðîññèè (öèòàòà èç ïèñü ìà â ðåäàêöèþ) ?Èçâåñòèÿ?, 19.12.1996.
13.9. Ð. Íûììèê, Ïðîáëåìû ìàëåíüêîé äèàñïîðû , ? Ðîññèÿ è ñîâðåìåííûé ìèð ? No. 1(22), 194-199, 1999.
13.10. Ð.Íûììèê, Ðóññêèå â Ýñòîíèè è ýñòîíöû â Ìîñêâå - ñðàâíèòåëüíûé àíàëèç âîçìîæíîñòåé óäîâëåòâîðåíèÿ íàöèîíàëüíî- êóëüòóðíûõ ïîòðåáíîñòåé. Äîêëàä íà êîíôåðåíöèè ?10-ëåòèå íàöèîíàëüíî-êóëüòóðíîãî äâèæåíèÿ â Ìîñêâå: îïûò è ïåðñïåêòèâû? 10-11 äåêàáðÿ 1999, ìàòåðèàëû, Öåíòð ?Ýòíîñôåðà?, Ìîñêâà, 2000 ã.
13.11. Ð.Íûììèê, ?×èòàòåëþ?, âñòóïèòåëüíîå ñëîâî ê êíèãå ?Ýñòîíñêîå Îáùåñòâî â Ìîñêâå (1989-2000)?, Ãëîáàëèíôîðì XXI Âåê , Mîñêâà, 2002, ñòð.6-7 (íà ðóññêîì ÿçûêå).

14. Temast eesti keeles

O íåì íà ýñòîíñêîì ÿçûêå
About him in Estonian

14.1. Madis Hint, Eestlasest f??sik vallutab Moskvas kosmost, ?Postimees?, 30.06.1998.
14.2. Eesti Entsiklopeedia, 14 k?ide, Eesti elulood, Riho N?mmik, lhk. 332.

15. Î íåì íà ðóññêîì ÿçûêå

Temast, vene keeles
About him in Russian

15.1. Èíòåðâüþ ñ íèì. - È.Íèêèôîðîâ, Äîêîïàòüñÿ äî ïðàâäû, ?Ýñòîíèÿ?, 15.07.1999.
15.2. Ìàäèñ Õèíò, Ýñòîíåö ïîêîðÿåò â Ìîñêâå êîñìîñ, ãàçåòà ôèííî-óãîðñêèõ äèàñïîð ã. Ìîñêâû ? KUDO - KODU ?, No. 19-20, 2001.
15.3. Â ñáîðíèêå "Êòî åñòü êòî: Ðîññèÿ", òîì. 8, ñòð. 422, Íûììèê.Ð.À.

š15.4 Êîñìè÷åñêèé ïóòü äëèíîé 50 ëåò, Èçä. ÍÈÈ ÿäåðíîé ôèçèêè èì. Ä.Â.Ñêîáåëüöûíà ÌÃÓ èì. Ì.Â.Ëîìîíîñîâà, ïîä. ðåä. Ì.È.Ïàíàñþêà, Ìîñêâà 2007.ššš