Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/events/mendel-xiv/objects/sinizkii.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Tue May 25 12:35:47 2004 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Sat Dec 22 17:58:53 2007 Êîäèðîâêà:

. . . . ''





IV

: . ..

, 2003


.

1. .......................................................................................................................................... 3

2. ..................................................................................................................... 5

3. ......................................................................................................... 10

4. ........................................................................................................... 12

5. ......................................................................................................................................... 21

6. .................................................................................................................................... 22

2


1. . (photonic crystals) ­ , , . , , , , , . , ­ , . , , , . , , , . " " (photonic band gap, PBG) [1]. , PBG ( 400 ­ 700 ) ( = 1 ­ 1,5 ) [2-4]. , : (n2/n1 3) [5], , ; [6]. [7] PBG n2/n
1

= 4.

, , [8]. , [9], [10]. , , .
3


, SiO2, [2, 8]. , , . , ­ , , . , . , , , PBG, SiO2 (~ 1,45) [5, 8]. , . , "" , SiO2 [11]. , ­ . , ­ , - (), - (), () () . , . . ­ .. .

4


2. . PBG , : , , . , [12]. [13-17], [11, 18], [15, 16, 19-26], [27, 28], [16, 29, 30], .. [8] (. 1). , "" ( ) , (. 1). , .1 ( . ). () .

,



[31-34]. , , - . , CVD (. 1). , ( ) , (. 1). " ". , , , , ,
5


[8]. , , : 5-8%. , , " " (colloidal crystal) (. 1). , , [25, 26], [35, 36] [37]. [38] 1000 2. . . [31, 38-42]. , , . , ­ , , , , 300 . . , , [31]. , [43], . , 375480 4000 ./, 3000 5000 ./ . . 2. 870 : ) ­ ; ) ­ [44].
6


[44] . (< 300 ), , . , ( > 550 ) , , ­ . , [35, 36, 44-46] ­ . ( ) "", ­ "" , . , , . , [44] , 870 (. 2). (. 2). 205 ( 0,09 0,35 /). 2 , , . . , [14, 23, 24] , , , 300-1000 , ~100 , , . , [47-49]. , , , . , , > 400 , , , , . :

7


PBG 1,3-1,5 700-900 . , [47-49] ,

:



, (. 3). , , 0,86 . , . 3. , [47-49].



, , .

[50] , : 90°C. , 240 2 . - , , -, , ( ) . [50] , "" , . .. [50], (1 /3) (1,04 /3) . , , ( = 0,79 /3), . [51] 400 4 .
8


( ). , . [52] , (spin-coating method). . , . [52] - . [53-55] , , . , , 1000 2, . -, . , , , , , .. [53]. . [56], [30, 37], , [57], [58-62]. , [63]. ,

9


3. . , (StÆber) . [64] [32, 51-57]. , ( ­ ) . . , . 5 , SiO2, 30 . 50 2 , , (, , ) [64]. SiO2 270 400 ( ~ 5%). , 270 , , NH3 : H2O : C2H5OH : Si(OC2H5)4 = 1 : 20 : 11 : 0,14. 300 . , ( " "). (h ~ 1), , 2-3 . : , . , (). TGD 7000 ( ULVAK SINKU-RICO, ) 20-1000°C . 20-30 , ­ ±0.04 .
10


-3 () Co-K ( = 1,79021å). SiO2, - (). JEM­ 2000FXII "JEOL" () , 200 . Perkin Elmer Lambda 35 () 200-1100 .

11


3. . , , , : 1. , ( , , , ..) 2. "" . SiO2 . 4 ( " ", 300 ).

. 4. SiO2 . , - p(x), x ­ . ,
+

-



p ( x)dx = 1

(1).

E D :

12


E = D =
+

+

-



x p ( x)dx
2

(2),

-



x 2 p ( x)dx - ( E )

(3).

, 368 ± 21 . , . , . , , .. "" "" . ­ , , . (1), (2), (3) (4) (. . 5). , , . SiO2 (- ) . 5. SiO2 ( . ).

1 ( F = 6

SiO2

SiO2

1 ga 3 ), ( FA = ga 3 ) ( Fc = 3µVa ), 6





­ SiO2 , g = 9,81/2 ­

, µ ­ - , a ­ , V ­ . , F = FA + Fc ( ):
13


V=

(

SiO2

- ) ga 18µ

2

(4).

, (3), . , , (1) (2) , . (1) "" . , , , , z. rel :

( z) =
1-

1
+

(5),


z

p ( x)dx

E ( z ) =
z

-



z

x p ( x)dx
2

(6),

D ( z ) = ( z ) x 2 p ( x)dx - ( ( z ) E ( z ))
-

(7),

rel ( z ) =
, rel(z)

D ( z ) 100% E ( z ) ( z )

(8).

. 6.
4.5



z = 398 . , ,
rel( z )

4.48

4.46

4.44

4.42 385

390

395

400
z

405

410

.

. 6. SiO2 .
14


, , . 6, , SiO2 (. . 7).





. 7. , SiO2 270 () (). () . , , . " ". , "" "" ( "" , ). . 8 .

. 8. "" () ().
15


, , 1, , , , . . ( = 5°/ t 950-1000º) , ~ 14-15% . , : t = 250º 10 ( , ) t = 700º 10 , SiO2. , , , 1-2% . , , 1,470-1,487. (. . 9).





. 9. , SiO2 270 . - (., , . 7 8) <111> () (ABCABC...), <001> ,
16


(ABAB...), . , , [65], [22, 38-40]. , (. 10) , SiO2 , <220>.

.10. , 270 ( (ABCABC...) <220>). , , . , d = 270 , , <111> . 11. , ~440, 590 905 . , , , .

17


. 11. , SiO2 270 , <111> . -: 2d sin = k
med

(9),

d ­ , ­ , k ­ (k = 1, 2, 3...),
med

=

n( )

­ n ( ­ ), : sin =n sin (10),

­ ( , ), ­ ( ), n ­ , , :

=

2d n 2 ( ) - sin 2 k

(11).

:

n=n

SiO

2

( ) f

SiO

2

+n

air

(1 - f

SiO2

)

(12),

18


nSiO2() ­ SiO2 ( ), nair 1 ­ f
SiO2

= 0,74­ ( 74% ­

, ). , . 11 , . SiO2 - ( ) . , = 440 590 <200> <111> . . , = 905 <100>. , , , <100> "". , . . (., , . 7 10) SiO2 . . 12 , ( <111>) .

. 12. (d = 270 ), <111>.
19


, - (. 11) -, . 12 , (50-60°), . SiO2: , . , , .

20


5. . 1. SiO2 270-400 ~5%. 2. ( ). . 3. - ( ). -. SiO2 - . 4. , , .

21


6. .
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