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Семинар "Перспективные наноматериалы"
Most technological applications of
crystalline materials are based on the modification of their microstructure
(e.g. of their grain size and/or of the topology of different phases that may
be present). It was this modification that marked the beginning of the metal
age more than 6000 years ago and resulted in materials like polycrystalline Au,
Cu, bronze, Fe-alloys and most of today's materials.
In this presentation it is suggested
that similar developments may be triggered today in the area of glasses by
introducing (1) defects into glasses in the form of glass/glass interfaces.
(Glasses with this microstructure will be called poly-glasses in analogy to
poly-crystals). (2) By generating glasses consisting of regions with different
chemical compositions, e.g. two chemically different metallic glasses. (Glasses
of this kind will be called multi-phase poly-glasses).
Both kinds of poly-glasses were
generated by the following two-step process. In the first step, small e.g.
nanometer-sized glassy clusters - with identical chemical compositions - were
produced (e.g. by inert gas condensation). These spheres were subsequently
consolidated and sintered under high pressure and below the glass transition
temperature (Tg)
into a poly-glass. The resulting poly-glass was found to consist of glassy
regions connected by glass/glass interfaces which differ in density and atomic
structure from the adjacent glassy regions. In comparison to a melt-spun glass
(with the same composition) poly-glasses were found to have new properties. For
example, a ScFe (20at% Sc) poly-glass was (at 300 K)
a strong ferromagnet, whereas the melt-spun form
(same composition) was paramagnetic.
Another new aspect of poly-glasses
is their microstructural stability. If they are
annealed below Tg,
the glass/glass interfaces delocalize so that the free volume that is initially
localized in these interfaces, is smeared out laterally. An analogues process
does not exist in poly-crystals.
The delocalization generates a new
degree of freedom for modifying the structure and hence the property of
poly-glasses.
Multi-phase poly-glasses were
generated by high pressure sintering of mixtures of glassy clusters with
different chemical compositions. The properties of these poly-glasses may be
controlled by varying the chemical composition of the spheres, their size
and/or their spatial arrangements as well as the degree of interfacial
delocalization.
In addition to the poly-glasses
discussed so far, the way to another family of poly-glasses may be opened by
using mixtures of glassy as well as crystalline clusters.
CURRICULUM VITAE
| 1966 | Ph.D. in Physics, University of Stuttgart |
| 1966-1969 | Research Fellowat Harvard University Cambridge, USA |
| 1970 | D. Sc. in Material Science, University of Bochum |
| 1971 | Visiting Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT), Cambridge, USA |
| 1972 | Professor, Institute of Materials Science, University
Bochum |
| 1973-1994 | Professor and Director of the Institute of Material Science,
University of the Saarland, Saarbruecken |
| 1980 | Call to the University of Hamburg-Harburg |
| 1982 | Call to the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zuerich, Switzerland |
| 1987-1994 | Founding Director and Senior Member of the Institute of New
Materials,Saarbruecken, Germany |
| 1994-1998 | Member of the Executive Boardof the Research Center
Karlsruhe , Germany |
| 1998-2004 | Executive Director of the Institute of Nanotechnology,
Research Center Karlsruhe, Germany |
| 2004-2007 | Kuang-pui Chair Professor, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China |
| 2008/2009 | Distinguished Professor, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA |
| Since 2006 | Senior Member and Institute Professor of the Institute of Nanotechnology,
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany
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Awards and Prizes (Selection)
1972 Masing Prize of the German Society for Metals
1979 Karl-Schurz Award of the University of Wisconsin, Madison
1984 Alcoa Prize of the Alcoa Foundation, Pittsburgh
1985 Fellow of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science
1988 Leibniz Prize of the German National Science Foundation (DFG)
1992 TMS Lecture Award of the US Minerals, Metals and Materials Society
1992 Member of President's Council of the University of Illinois, Urbana
1993 Vinci of Excellence Award of the Hennessy-Vuitton Foundation, Paris, France
1993 Max-Planck-Research Prize of the Humboldt Foundation and the Max-Planck-Society, Germany
1995 Gold Medal of the Federation of European Material Societies (FEMS)
1998 Heyn Medal of the German Society for Materials Science
2000 Van Horn Award ofCase Western University, Cleveland
1999 Heisenberg Medal of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
2002 Honorary Doctorate of theTechnical University of Darmstadt, Germany
2003 Nanomaterials Award of the Deutsche Bank, Germany
2004 Honorary Professor of Lanzhou University, PR China
2004 Honorary Professor at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
2004 H. Lee Lecture Award of Chinese Academy of Science, PR China
2006 Humboldt Medal of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
2007 Gold Medal of Acta Materialia
2008 Honorary Doctorate of the University of Muenster, Germany
2008 Honorary Doctorate of the ETH Zuerich, Switzerland
2008 Achievement Award of the NANOSPD International Committee
2008 Honorary Member of the Materials Research Society ,USA
2008 Von Hippel Award of theMaterials Research Society, United States
2008 Staudinger-Durrer Lecture Award of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
2009 R.F. Mehl Award of theMinerals,
Metals, Materials Society, United States
2009 Blaise Pascal Medal of the European Academy of Sciences
2009 NANO Today Award 2009
of the Agency for Science, Technology Research, Singapore
2009 Honorary Member of the German Materials
Society
2011 Fellow of the Materials Research Society
(MRS)
2011 Honorary Member of the American Nano
Society
Memberships in Academies
1998 Member of the National Academy of Sciences - Leopoldia, Germany,
2004 Member of the US National Academy of Engineering
2004 Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2006 Member of the Indian National Academy of Engineering
2007 Vice President of the German National Academy of Sciences
2009 Member of the European Academy of Sciences
2009 Member of the Indian Academy of Scienes
ISI Citation Idex Data (March 2010)
Number of Publications 310
Sum of Citations 15300
Average citation per Publication 64
h-Index 58
Publications about H. Gleiter
- A.Nordmann, Perspectives on
Sciences 17, 2009, 123 MIT Press Journals,
doi:10.1162/posc.2009.17.2.123
- Nanotechnologien im Kontext, A.Nordmann,
J.Shummer, A.Schwarz Eds.
- Akademische
Verlagsgesellschaft, 2006
- Berlin,
Germany; ISBN 3-89838-074-2
- Herbert Gleiter und der
Beitrag zur Materialwissenschaft, www.zit.tu-darmstadt.de
- Pionier der
Nanowissenschaften, www.chemie.de/news/d/96897/
- DIE ZEIT: Auf zu neuen
Dimensionen, www.zeit de/2005/26/nano
- German Museum Munich,
Center of New Technologies - Permanent Exhibition on Nano- and
Biotechnology: The discovery of Nanomaterials by Herbert Gleiter
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