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TES. Base model

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Base model

The old base model for VES data interpretation was horizontally-layered medium. We consider as the new base model (fig.1) a combination of horizontally-layered structure (HLS), deep inhomogeneities (DI) (3-4 on fig.1) and nearsurface inhomogeneities - NSI (1-2 on fig.1).

TES field technology

TES field technology includes the next rules:
  1. VES locations on profile are regular with equal distances.
  2. At each reference point two pole-dipole sounding (AMN & MNB) are fulfilled.
  3. Step in current electrodes distance growth is constant (linear) and equal to sounding step. In this case places for current electrodes grounding will be the same for all VES points on profile.
  4. Step on profile should be equal to (0.1-0.05) AOmax. In turn AOmax depends on depth of investigation hmax.
Field measurements may be carried out also with AM (pole-pole) array and expander (dipole-dipole) array.

In each case the TES field technology aims to investigate a depth interval from hmin up to hmax. The horizontal size of any object to be visible should be approximately equal or more of its depth (3-4 on fig.1). The step on profile for detailed investigation of such object should be 2-5 times smaller than its size. The object laying deeper than hmax (5 on fig.1) is not visible due to restricted penetration depth. All objects at the depth smaller than hmin (1-2 on fig.1) - may influence and the more noticeably, the smaller their depth is, because they are closer to the current and potential electrodes position. But step on profile and minimal AO distance are not enough for their study. These objects are considered as geological noise.

Nearsurface inhomogeneities

Difference between NSI and deep objects depends on our selection. Some bodies in definite depth interval we consider as useful objects and adjust field technology for their tracing, while some others on smaller depth we consider as noise. Distortions of the electric field (or VES curves), caused by such NSI objects may be divided into two principal types: caused by object near dipole element of array and caused by object near single electrode. These effects depends also on the fact: is this dipole group or single electrode moveable or unmoveable. These effects are shown on fig.2. Model is represented with single NSI of half-spherical form over two-layered medium (fig.2,a). Pole-dipole array can be applied in two ways: single electrode is moveable while dipole group is stable or dipole group is moveable while single electrode is stable. Stable electrode or dipole group can be placed in NSI limits (cases 1 and 2) or out of it (cases 3 and 4). In the last case moving electrode or dipole group will cross the NSI.

Our standard technology is two-sided pole-dipole sounding with stable MN group and moveable current electrode. For this case we use more local terms to classify distortions: P and C - effects.


119899, Russia, Moscow, Moscow State University, Geological Faculty, Department of Geophysics

V.A. Shevnin,I.N. Modin
Tel. & fax: (7095) 939 49 63
E-mail: sh@geophys.geol.msu.ru

Please feel free to send us your comments.

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