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GPRS
. .

, GPRS. . . : GPRS, GGSN, SGSN, QoS, .

1. : GPRS
2G. , 2.5G. 2.5G GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) , .

128

. .

GPRS GSM [1]. GPRS GSM. , . GPRS , . GPRS , GSM , GPRS . . , GPRS .

1.1. GPRS. GPRS
GPRS GSM. GSM/GPRS . 1 [4, 5].

. 1. GMS/GPRS. GPRS . GSM [2]: ( ) GPRS Serving GPRS Supp ort No de (SGSN) GPRS Gateway

129

GPRS Supp ort No de (GGSN). [3] . BSC PCU (Packet Control Unit). , GPRS . GPRS 2 [6]: (, , Backb one). GSM, . , , SGSN, GSM/GPRS , TCP/IP . SGSN BSC Frame Relay. , SGSN PCU. BTS CCU (hannel Co dec Unit). BSC : ; ; . GGSN GPRS IP- : , . . SGSN GGSN IP- GTP, . IP Ethernet, ATM, Frame Relay, IP/MPLS. GPRS SGSN GGSN, :

130

. .

DNS, (Charging Gateway), (Border Gateway) . SGSN GGSN. SGSN GGSN. GGSN SGSN (). SGSN GPRS, SGSN. , , . . GPRS SGSN . GPRS OMC-R/G, .

1.2. GPRS
GSM/GPRS (), GSM. , - GSM. IP- AT BTS PDCH (Packet Data Channel). PDCH TRX : GSM; , GPRS ( TRX ). GPRS, GSM, , GSM (, GSM1800,

131

PCS1900), TDMA/FDMA [6, 7]. FDMA 200 . TDMA 4,615 . TDMA ( , , TS), GSM. GPRS , TS GSM. GPRS GSM- . . GPRS GSM ( -: 114 , ). PDCH , 4 в 114 = 456 , - . ( ) GPRS 270,833 / (GMSK). GPRS TS , 172,2 /. , , 115,2 / (14,4 / TS) [6]. GPRS : . , GPRS, , . . IP / GPRS PDCH (Packet Data Channel), .

132

. .

1.3.
GSM/GPRS , QoS (Quality of Service). QoS (QoS Profile). , . QoS QoS. (), GPRS . . QoS [6]: (Precedence class); (Delay class); (Reliability class); (Peak throughput class); (Mean throughput class).

( PDP-context) , HLR, SGSN GGSN. PDP-context , QoS- GGSN. QoS QoS, HLR . , GPRS. QoS. 1 GPRS, [2]. [8] , , GPRS. : ( ) ( ) - (, )

133

1.
, / (-) web- ( MPEG-4) ( UDI) ( 3) (.324) (.320) (.324) 9,6 9,6 9,6 28,8 9,6. . . 28,8 64 + + - (+) / - - +

9,6. . . 64 9,6. . . 28,8 9,6 14,4 28,8 64. . . 384 28,8 9,6 9,6 9,6 9,6. . . 19,2 2,4

9,6. . . 64 9,5. . . 28,8 28,8 14,4 28.8 64. . . 384 28,8 9,6 9,6. . . 64 9,6 9,6. . . 19,2 2,4

+ + + + - - - + + + - -

- - - + + + + - - - + +

9,6. . . 64

9,6. . . 64

+

+

[ ([8])
()

0

,

], = 1, . . . ,

( )

~( ) ( ) =
=1

() max

[( -

0

) - ( -

)],

(1)

134

. .

() () (~ ( )) = =1 () () (~ ( ) - () max

)[( -

0

) - ( -

)],
() max

()

() , ~ ( )

,

( ) =
()

0, < 0, 1, 0,
() max () c

() =1

() ()

=1

,
() max

=

,

,

() cp

-

- - . , , , , GPRS , , : , QoS . , , , GPRS . .

2. GPRS
, - GPRS, : , GTP-, IP , Frame Relay. GGSN , GPRS, .

135

GPRS , GPRS , . [9, 10] GPRS, . SGSN, = 1, , GGSN, = 1, , GPRS . , - SGSN , - GGSN. . = GPRS . [/] - SGSN, , BX - GGSN, GPRS . [9, 10] - SGSN, - GGSN,

=
()

1
=1

()

,

(2)

(1) - , - SGSN - GGSN. BX =
=1 =1 BX

,

= 1,

.

(3)

136

. .

BX , - GGSN, , - SGSN. BX BX =1 BX

=

=1

(

BX

)

=,

= 1,

,

() . GPRS, GPRS ( ). , ln
=1 1 = ( BX )
-1

BX

=

ln

BX

= ln = ln

BX

,

= 1,

.

ln

BX

BX

.

ln
=1

BX

= ln

BX

,

= 1,

,

(4) (5) (6)

=
=1 =1 CX

CX

, = 1, , , = 1, .

ln
=1

= ln

CX

, (3) CX - SGSN, , - GGSN. =
CX

+

BX

,

137

- SGSN. - GPRS- [9]
=1 =1

=

, = 1, ,

(7)

- - - , , - , ; - - ; - , . , GPRS- =
=1 =1

,

GPRS- ! ( )= . ! - GPRS, Internet-, . [9, 10] ln = ln !-
=1 =1

ln

.

(8)

= , ( ) (3)(7), ln (3)(7).

138

. .

3. GPRS
, , , > 2( + ) + . , , , , . (8) = ln !-
=1 =1 BX

ln

+
BX BX

+
=1

1
=1

(

-

)+ 2
=1

ln

- ln

+

+
=1

3

(
=1

CX

-

)+ 4 +

ln
=1

CX

- ln

CX

=1

1 В 5 . , , - ln -1- 1 -3 -
=1

5

+ ,

-
=1 =1

5

= 0.

= exp -1 - 1 -3 -
=1

5

.

(9)

(9) (3)(5) ,

139

2 + + + , : ln BX , ln CX , 3 , 1 5 . (10) 2 + + + GPRS-, GPRS . (2) - , (10) .

-1 ln =1 -1 =1 ln

-3
BX

-
=1 BX

5 ,

= 1 + ln ,

BX

- ln

,

= 1В , = 1В

,

= ln

=1В 5

-3
CX

- = ln

= 1 + ln =1В , 5

CX

- ln

, =1 В , =1 В

,

=1 CX

, -

-1

-3

= 1 + ln

-
=1 =1

, =1 В , (10)

=1 =1

=1

4. QoS GPRS
GPRS, QoS, . 2 , 3 [6]. TP (SGSNGGSN BSCSGSN) . TP 6 :

140

. .

2. . 1 Up to 1 000 (8 /) 2 Up to 2 000 (16 /) 3 Up to 4 000 (32 /) 4 Up to 8 000 (64 /) 5 Up to 16 000 (128 /) 6 Up to 32 000 (256 /) 7 Up to 64 000 (512 /) 8 Up to 128 000 (1024 /) 9 Up to 256 000 (2048 /)

-1

TP

-
= +1 = -1

,

= 1, 2, . . . ,

,

(11)

= const , = 6. / . - - , = {1, 2, . . . , }, = 1 В . = GPRS- . GGSN , GPRS, QoS . - - , ,

=

1
=1

()

,

(12)

141

3. . 1 2 100 (0,22 /) 3 200 (0,44 /) 4 500 (1,11 /) 5 1 000 (2,2 /) 6 2 000 (4,4 /) 7 5 000 (11,1 /) 8 10 000 (22 /) 9 20 000 (44 /) 10 50 000 (111 /) 11 100 000 (0,22 /) 12 200 000 (0,44 /) 13 500 000 (1,11 /) 14 1 000 000 (2,2 /) 15 2 000 000 (4,4 /) 16 5 000 000 (11,1 /) 17 10 000 000 (22 /) 18 20 000 000 (44 /) 19 50 000 000 (111 /) (1) - , . =
=1 =1 ()

,

, .
BX BX

(13) (14)

ln
=1

= ln ,

ln (4).

= ln

142

. .

- GPRS- [9]
=1 =1

=

, = 1, ,

(15)

- - - - ; - - ; - , . , GPRS =
=1

,

GPRS ! ( )= . ! - GPRS, . [9] ln = ln !-
=1

ln

.

(16)

= , ( ) (13)(15), ln (13)(15).

5. GPRS
,

143

. > 2 + . , , , , . 3 (16) = ln !-
=1

ln

+

+

1

(
=1

-

) + 2 ln +
=1

-
=1

ln

, - ln -1- 1 -
=1

3

+
=1

-

.

,

3

= 0.

= exp -1 - 1 -
=1

3

.

(17)

(17) (13)(15) , -1 - 3 = 1 + ln - ln , , = 1 В , =1 ln = ln , , =1 , =1В , -1 - 3 = 1 + ln -
=1 =1 =1

(18)

144

. .

(18) ln , ++ 1 , 3 . (18) , - , GPRS-. (12) - , (18) . , GPRS.

6.
GPRS SGSN GGSN, . . GPRS- , . , , - . . , ,

145

GPRS, . , . , , . - GPRS- . (1)
() cell () ( ) = ~ ( )/( inf

+

head

),

inf , head , , , . , . , . [9, 10], . , , , .

[1] . ., . ., . . GSM UMTS: . . .: -, 2005. [2] . ., . . GPRS/UMTS. .: -, 2007. [3] GSM. . 2004. ,

146

. .

[4] 3GPP TR 060. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Stage 1. [5] 3GPP TS 43.064. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Overall Description of the GPRS Radio Interface; Stage 2. [6] . ., . ., . . GSM. , . .: -, 2004. [7] Kalden R., Meirick I., Meyer M. Ericsson Research. Wireless Internet Access Based on GPRS // Ericsson Eurolab Deutschland, IEEE Personal Communications. April, 2000. [8] . . - -. .: -, 2002. [9] . . - // . 2003. 11. . 96105. [10] Nazarov A. N. The Covering Regions Metho d for Determing the Numb er of Virtual Connections and the Optimization Mo del for the Link Hetero-Categorical Traffic Calculation in ATM-Networks Using Entropy Approach // Automation and Remote Control. Vol. 64, 11. USA, New York, 2003. P. 17341742.