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Characterization of Mumijo (Shilajit) from Different Regions by FTICR Mass-Spectrometry
Alexey Kononikhin1, Gleb Vladimirov1, Erast Kunenkov2,Irina Perminova2, Igor Popov1, Andrey Garmash2, Eugene Nikolaev1
1

The Institute for Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia

nikolaev@chph.ras.ru
2

Keywords: mumijo, mumie, shilajit, FTICR mass-spectrometry

1. INTRODUCTION Native Mumijo is a blackish-brown exudation, of variable consistencies, obtained from steep rocks of different formations found in the Himalayas at altitudes between 1000-5000 m, from Arunachal Pradesh in the East, to Kashmir in the W est. Mumijo also is found in other mountain ranges of the world, e.g. Afganisthan (Hindukush, Badakh-Shan), Australia (Northern Pollock Ranges), and in the former USSR (Tien-Shan, Pamir, Caucasus, Ural) (1). 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Kyrgyz, Altaic, Kazakh and Indian mumijo from drugstore were used for analysis without further purification. All experiments were performed on a commercial massspectrometer 7 Tesla Finnigan LTQ FT (Thermo Electron, Bremen, Germany) equipped with electrospray ion source (Finnigan Ion Max Source). Mumijo samples were dissolved in 1:4 water-acetonitrile solution and analyzed using electrospray ionization both in positive and negative modes. For accurate molecular mass measurements FTICR mass spectra were acquired using selected ion monitoring (SIM) scanning with 100 Da mass range. For interpretation of FTICR data and comparison of different samples Kendrick and van Krevelen diagrams were used (2). All FTICR mass spectra were also processed using FIRAN software for determination of stoichometric formulas (3). 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION It was found that all mumijo samples could be efficiently ionized by ESI both in positive and negative modes. Data from different mumijo samples are occupying the same regions on van Krevelen diagram. Differences between Indian and kirghisian samples were found in broader variety of observable ions in Indian sample in region higher then 800 Da.
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Figure 1. FTICR Mass-spectra of Indian (A), and Kyrgyz mumijo (B), (negative mode, equal concentrations of sample). Most intensive peaks in differential FTICR-MS of mumijo samples (D). Stoichiometric formulas for ions in this region shows them to be highly saturated with low-oxygen contains (fatty acids esters etc.). Total mass difference statistics (TDMS) for different mumijo samples gives the same set of characteristic functional groups with very similar abundances (Figure 1). 4. CONCLUSIONS Mumijo from different regions differ significantly in mass spectra but obey similar general stoichiometric characteristics. Mass spectrometry gives advance in understanding of its composition variety. REFERENCES
1. 2. Schepetkin I., Khlebnikov A., Shin Young Ah, Sang W oo, Choon-Soo Jeong, O. Klubachuk, Byoung Kwon 2003 J. Agric. Food Chem., 51 (18), 5245 -5254. Kim S., Kramer R.W ., Hatcher P.G., Graphical method for analysis of ultrahigh-resolution broadband mass spectra of natural organic matter, the van Krevelen diagram, Anal Chem, 2003, 75: 5336-5344. 3. Kunenkov, E.V., Kononikhin, A.S., Perminova, I.V., Garmash, A.V., Nikolaev, E.N., Popov, I.A. 2006. Analysis of FTICR-MS data on humic substances and synthetic polyelectrolytes using different data processing techniques. Abstracts of the First Int. Symposium on Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Molecular level Analysis of Complex (BioGeo)Systems, 6-7 Nov. 2006, GSF, Oberschleissheim, Germany.

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