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Plecotus et al. 6 (2003): 3-6 __________________________________________________________________________________

591.3:599.42

­
..
, , . ­ Murina leucogaster M. ussuriensis . , -, . : , , , .

(Menu, SigÈ 1971). , , , . , , (. 1); , (. 2). , ­ , (Menu 1985). . , . . Lasionycteris noctivagans (. 3), (M1) (M3) (M2), (Legendre 1984). , , .


, : Murina leucogaster (6 , 27 )


4 M. ussuriensis (5 , 3 , 1 . ). -10, "Motic". , . (Miller 1907).

. 1. Nyctalus noctula.
Fig. 1. Nyctalodontal condition of a lower molar by example of Nyctalus noctula.

. 2. Myotis.
Fig. 2. Myotodontal condition and nomenclature of a lower molar by example of Myotis.





. , , . , . , "" (. 4). ­ ­ . , Murina "", . Murina. , ­ . ( ), (. 4). , , -, . Lasionycteris noctivagans, Murina


Plecotus et al. 6 (2003)

5

, M1-M3 . ­ , . , .

. 3. Lasionycteris noctivagans.
Fig. 3. Submyotodontal condition of lower molars in Lasionycteris noctivagans.

. 4. Murina leucogaster. A ­ , .
Fig. 4. Murinodontal condition of a lower molar by example of Murina leucogaster. A ­ the crista connecting hypoconulid and entoconid.





.. , .. .. . 02-04-48458, 00-12-97754 .





Legendre S. 1984. ètude odontologÌque des reprÈsentants actuels du groupe Tadarida (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Implications phylogÈniques, systÈmatiques et zoogÈographiques. ­ Revue Suisse de Zoologie 91(2): 399-442.


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Menu H. 1985. Morphotypes dentaries actuels et fossiles des ChiroptÈres Vespertilionines. 1 Partie: ètude des morphologies dentaires. ­ Paleovertebrata 15: 71-128. Menu H., SigÈ B. 1971. Nyctalodontie et myotodontie, importants charateres de grades Èvolutifs chez les chiroptÕres entomophages. ­ C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 272 D: 17351738. Miller G.S. 1907. The Families and Genera of Bats. ­ Smithson. Inst. US Nat. Mus. Bull. 57: 1-282.

S

UMMARY

Rossina V.V. 2003. Murinodonty as a distinct type of the crown structure of lower molars in bats. ­ Plecotus et al. 6: 3-6. Till now only two extreme odontological types of lower molars have been known in Chiroptera: nyctalodontal and myotodontal. Nyctalodonty is characterized by the position of postcristid, which connects hypoconid and hypoconu lid without reaching entoconid (Fig. 1); myotodonty is characterized by the position of postcristid, which connects hypoconid and entoconid leaving hypoconulid in the distant isolation (Fig. 2). Nyctalodonty is an ancestral condition of crowns of lower molars (Menu 1985). Beside these extreme variants, an intermediate state ­ submyotodonty ­ can be seen in Lasionycteris noctivagans (Legendre 1984). It is characterized by the dichotomy of postcristid and deviation of the larger branch towards entoconid (Fig. 3). However, the detailed research of teeth in two species of Murina from Russia (M. leucogaster and M. ussuriensis) has revealed one more odontological type that differs from the types described previously. We called this state as murinodontal. Murinodonty is characterized by such a position of talonid crests (including postcristid), at which they connect hypoconid and entoconid through hypoconulid (Fig. 4). Apparently, murinodonty, along with myotodonty, had derived from nyctalodontal odontological type. K e y w o r d s : Chiroptera, odontology, nyctalodonty, murinodonty. : . , 123, 119647 E-mail: ros@paleo.ru
Author's address: Valentina V. ROSSINA Palaeontological Institute, Russian Acad. Sci. ul. Profsoyuznaya 123, Moscow 119647, Russia E-mail: ros@paleo.ru