Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://nuclphys.sinp.msu.ru/mirrors/1996_10.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Tue Jan 13 12:39:06 2009 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Tue Oct 2 00:06:16 2012 Êîäèðîâêà: Windows-1251

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
V. K. VORONOV The essence of nuclear magnetic resonance based on Zeeman effect, signal detection, and peculiarities of this phenomenon for different nuclei are considered. The sources of information on space and electron structure of multielectron (molecular) systems are discussed. àÁÎ,,ÚÒfl ÒÛÌÓÒÚå fl ÌÓ,,Ó Ï,,ÌËÚÌÓ,,Ó ÂÁÓÌÌÒ, ÓÒÌÓ,ÌÌÓ,,Ó Ì ÙÙÂÍÚ áÂÂÏÌ, ÛÒÎÓ,Ëfl ÂÚÂÍÚË Ó,ÌËfl ÒË,,ÌÎÓ,, ÓÒÓžÂÌÌÓÒÚË fl,ÎÂÌËfl Îfl ÁÎË~Ìœi fl . éžÒÛÊÚÒfl ËÒÚÓ~ÌËÍË ËÌÙÓ Ï^ËË Ó Ô ÓÒÚ ÌÒÚ,ÂÌÌÓÏ Ë ÎÂÍÚ ÓÌÌÓÏ ÒÚ ÓÂÌËË ÏÌÓ,,ÓÎÂÍÚ ÓÌÌœi (ÏÓÎÂÍÛÎfl Ìœi) ÒËÒÚÂÏ.


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. , ( 103 - 106 ; ) ( 10- 2 - 102 ; ), . , , . , , 10- 7 10- 4 . , () (), , . . , : , . , 2I + 1 . () I , 1/2; I ( 7) 176 71Lu . (

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) i , = h /2, h - . I , , , , , I = 0, . , (I = 0), " ", . 1945 . ( ) .. ( ) . , . 1952 . .
ëèÖäíêéëäéèàü üåê ÇõëéäéÉé êÄáêÖòÖçàü ëÛÌÓÒÚå fl,ÎÂÌËfl üåê

. 1 I = 1 ( ). , . : - ,
, H0



m = -1
÷H
0

+ ÷H
0 -÷H

0

m=0 m = +1

0

. 1. .

- , - . , , , , ÷ H0 h = --------I ÷ H0 = --------- . Ih (1)

. , , H0 , z, ( ) -÷zH0 , ÷z - . , 2I + 1 . H0 . ÷, ( ÷z) m÷, m - , , , m = I, I - 1, I - 2, ..., -(I - 1), - I. , 2I + 1 , mH0 / I, I -÷ H 0, I-1 I-1 - --------- ÷ H 0, ..., --------- ÷ H 0, I I ÷ H0.

( ) , , ÷ = (I ), (2) - , - 1 - 1 ( - 1 - 1) /( ) (/( )). H = --------0 . 2 (3)

, . , 2,6753 104 /( ), H0 = 10 000 , 2,6753 10 /( ) 10 000 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 42,577 . 2 3,14
4

, ( ).

. , . ( 150) ,

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. , , () 1H ( - ) 19F. : ž "" (1H 99,98%, 19F 100%); , "" 13C 1,1%; ž ; ž I = 1/2. . , , , , . , 1H 19F . ( 1H 19F) , , 13C, 31P, 11B, 17O ( , 1H 19F). . , 13C - - . , 1H, . , (), . () , . - , , . , . 0,1 - 1 ( ), , , 1 104 ( ).

: ž ; ž - .
ïËÏË~ÂÒÍËÈ Ò,Ë,,

, , . (H0) (), . , , , H0 . . , , , H = H0 ( 1 - ) , (4) - , H0, () ; H H0 . 10- 5 10- 2 . H H0(1 - ) = ------------------------- . 2 (5)

, , (. 2). , , , , (. (5)). , H0 , , , .
2÷H 2÷H0(1 - )

0

. 2. : - , - .

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, () . , , . 1950 - 1951 . (1951 ), , 1H . CH3CH2OH, 1H . 3.
CH CH
2 3

OH

- , (); . , 0 - ( ), , , . , 0 ( 10- 5, ). 0 (, , H0), . (..). ppm (parts per million). , , .., 20 000 .. 59Co (). 1H 0 - 10 ..
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H . 3. , .

: CH3-, -CH2- -OH. , . 3 : 2 : 1, ( ) . , , , . , : H - H 6 = ----------------- 10 , H (6)

1951 - 1953 , , . - POCl2F. 19F , (. 4). (, ..). , , , , , H0 , , , - . 1952 , ,

H - H , H - H0 . , , - 6 = -------------- 10 , 0 (7)
. 4. POCl2F.

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. , . , , - . ( , , E = h). , ( ) , , , . . - , , , . , (, 1H) , . . 5 , , , , , 1/2. - J (); J . , 2I + 1 . , . , , , . , n ( , ), 2nI + 1 .

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, . , , , . - , () . , . , , , , , (, , , ), , , , , . , . , - . ( -). , , ( ) - . (, , , , -, , -- .) .
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AX



X

J

AX

J

AX

1. ., ., . . .: , 1962. 292 . 2. ., - . . .: , 1970. 447 . 3. .. ..: , 1977. 455 .





. 5. , I = 1/2 AX JAX .

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4. ., . . .: , 1980. 504 . 5. . . .: , 1981. 448 . 6. .., .., .. . .: , 1983. 269 . 7. .. . : , 1989. 168 . 8. ., ., . . .: , 1990. 709 .

9. . . .: , 1992. 401 . 10. .., .. . : .-. . -, 1995. 352 .
*** , , , . . : . 150 .

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