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ELECTRON BEAMS FOR CYCLOTRON RESONANCE MASERS AND FREE ELECTRON LASERS
V . N. MA NUIL O V

The methods of producing intense helical electron beams for the sources of powerful coherent radiation, i.e., cyclotron resonance masers and free electron lasers, are described. The basic physical phenomena, which affect the quality of electron flows being formed by adiabatic and non-adiabatic electric and magnetic fields, are reviewed. ­ . , , .

. , ( ) . 1950- - [1], ( ) 0 , 1 . , B0 eB 0 H = -------- . m e ­ , m = m0 ­ , m0 ­ , ­ , eU0 = 1 + eU0 / m0c2 (c ­ ). , () [1], , H . , ( 1) 110 [] -------------------- . B 0 [] B0 60­70 , ­ 200 , ­ [1],

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.. -, 1­2 . , ( ) . - 22 0 , , , [2]. () [2]. , ( ) 1 [3]. () [3]. , () ( ) ( ) , . ­ , (. 1) B0 . : H , R0 ­ : || . r = / H . || - g = / || . , . . + || = const.
2 2




B v


0




v

L

H

B 2r R Z
0

0

v

||

Z

v

R

0



B

0

v

Z

. 1. () (, ) . ()

|| . (1) , || = g2 . . . ( () ) || . < 20­30%. , , - . z (. . 1). , R0 , r (. 1, ). (-, ) (R0 = 0, . 1, ). R0 -. , g, g > 1. , , H 22 ,

(1)

, .
1 , , ­ [3].

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( ) . g < 1/ . ­ , ­ . () . - : [4]. , 1500­2000°C , ­ 2 - (. [4]). ­ () . ­, , . . , , . 2

() , (. 2). LH = 2|| / H r = / H (. . 1). LE , LB , LE , LB r , LH , (2)

. r ( - R) dR / dt. - r v: r = r + R , dR v = v + ------ . dt (3)

(2) m J = ----------- = const. 2 eB
2 2

(4)

, E > Emin 109 /.

, ( (4) = 0 = 0 ). : ­ , (2), ­ . [1],



v = 0 /




v

B



v =v





B

0

Z
B

B B0 B

v =v



. 2. - () ()

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, , . ­ ? , , , , , , . (. ). , , () (. [4, 5]). 1019 - 3 , (107 /2 ). ( 1 ) . . 3. , E > Emin 109 /. (. . 3) . , (. . 3). 3 ( 10- 7­10- 6 )
3

­ , (. . 3) [4, 5]. ( 10- 6 ) . 5­10 /2, ( ). . ( , . 4, ) , 200­1000. . -, B , , 10­20 . . -, , ( , ), . , B . , -, B ( , . 4, ), , , -, , v B ( , . . 4, ) .

.



v



B

0

E



-



F

E

F

E



Z . 3. . , ­ , ­

, , B (. . 2). ( . to kick ­ , , . . 4, ), p () . p = 2,

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r, 150 100 50 0


, (E B) , , , (. . 2). v0 . E B ( "" ) dR [ E , B ] ------ = ------------------- . 2 dt B (3) , [ E , B ] v 0 = ------------------- + v . 2 B
2

0



50

100

150

200

250

300

y, By By
max

+I e LH/2 1- -I +I -I 2- F LH/2 z
B

y

B



-By

F

B

x

max

(5)

. 4. (), By () () . 1- 2- I

0 [ E , B ] / B , (5) ,


E = ----- , B

(6)

, (. . 4, ). , , . , - By , . y- , . , .

. : . () , (4). , B. . E|| , B. B0 , . 1, , . - () [1] (. 5). ? . - g = / || ( g || 0). . -,

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v = v Bz(Z)

B E
|| 0



U

a

U E


0

B



F



F F


U0 ,





. 5. - ( ) .

. -, ( , . . 5). , I U 0 ---- . || || ( U = 0), , (. [4, 5]). , . g. - , ( = = 2 eU 0 / m 0 , . . 5) , || . . , . ( , ). (. . 5).

-, . . , . , . , , g . . . - , , (5), , . , , . , = 2 eU 0 2 ------------ + , m0

. (5) ,


E E = ----- ­ 0 = ----- ­ . B B

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. , . . I 0,1 , ( , . [4]). , , I . I . -, . , ­ , , (. (6)). , , , , (. . 5). F , ( || ), (|| ) , 2 2 (. . 5). + || = = const, "" , "" . . B . > 18°. , , . . , . , , , "" . . - . . .
1. - .., .. // . ., 1980. . 283­297. 2. .., .. // . .: . , 1980. . 2. . 564­566. 3. .., .., .. : // . . . . 1980. . 44, 8. . 1593­1602. 4. .. . . 1: // . 1998. 6. . 100­105. 5. . . .: , 1984. 432 .

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, - , . .. . ­ , . 140 .

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