Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://nuclphys.sinp.msu.ru/nseminar/18.09.12orl.pdf Дата изменения: Wed Sep 19 17:50:21 2012 Дата индексирования: Tue Oct 2 00:23:03 2012 Кодировка: IBM-866

- . . " M. . "

01. 04. 16

- 2012


, : . , , E , : 1) (E ) 2) -. (), : 1) (), 2) (), 3) () 4) ().


1. (E < 40 ) (), - (1p1h) . () E 13н20 . . , (I.I. Dushkov et al., Phys. Lett. V. 10, 310 (1964); T. Murakami et al., Phys. Rev. C 35, 479 (1987)) ( , p) (J.H. Carver et al., Phys. Rev. V. 127, 2198 (1962)), E 25н35 (2). J = L, S = 0, T = 1 Tz = 0 = (-1)L | (. , . , . .: , 1973) (E L, ) = L+1 2 3 e2 E 2L-1 L[(2L + 1)!!]2 ( c)
M 10 2L-1 M

| , M |FL

M 10

(E )|0 |2 ,

(1)

FL
A

(E ) (І=0)- 1- k2 r2 + § § § rL Y 2(2L + 3)
LM

FL E

M 1І

(E ) =
i= 1

2t

І

(^) r
i

,

(2)

, k = E /( c)

.


1.1. , E L- FLM 1І = FLM 1І (0), FLM 1І (E ). M - (A. Bohr, Ben R. Mottelson, Nuclear Structure, V. 2, N.Y., Amsterdam, 1974): 1 + (3) FL01І FL01І , HL = L,І c+,І cL,І + L L 2 І І c+,І L M = 0 L = 1 І = 0, ‘ 1, ( ) () L
,І

= L + І V1

N -Z -E A

(4)

( = 41A-1/3 , V1 100 ). E (3), E L-, (. (1)), (1 + ), 0.3, - , . L V1 L = V1 /(A < r
2L

>).

(5)

E L- , V1 , , : E 86 (1 + 2 2 )/(1 + 10 2 2 /3 + 7 4 4 /3) A-
1/3 1/3

,

(6)

= a/R0 , a 0.55 R0 1.07A-

.


1.2. 2 3 - , r 3 Y1M (^) F1M 10 (E ) (. (2)). , , r 1 -. , (. . , . . , 69, 1300 (2006))
A

F

1M 10

( ) =
i= 1

(z ( - r 2 ) r Y

1M

(^))i , r

(7)

, , , . M = 0, 1/3 , 1 H = c+ c1 + 3 c+ c2 + ( )F1010 ( )F 1 2 2
+ 1010

( ),

(8)

c+ |0 (k = 1, 2) c+ k k V1 , (9) ( ) = 2 r 2 - 2 r 4 + r 6 ] A [ - . (8) + ck |0 , k = 1, 2. 2 , F1M 10 ( )^ | = c+ |0 . 208 Pb ^2 2 . E = 32.5 . | (1) , = 51.6 F1M 10 (E ) (. (2)), 2.


1.3. , : 0.0293 1 - 3 (1 + 2 2 /3)/(1 + 2 2 ) /(1 + 2 2 )E 2 , , a/R0 , a 0.55 R0 1.07A-1/3 . .
. , ( ) 2 ( 2 ).

(10)

Ni Zr 116 Sn 144 Sm 208 Pb
90 58

E, 3 2 2 2 2 1 8 6 5 2 .9 .6 .7 .2 .6

, . . 0 0 0 0 0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 6 6 6 6 6 0 3 5 7 9

, 9 8 7 6 6 .4 .0 .4 .8 .1

E, 4 4 3 3 3 5 0 8 6 2 .1 .5 .2 .0 .5

2 , , . . 0 0 0 0 0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 5 4 1 1 1 1 5 2 1 0 9 .2 .8 .7 .7 .2

, 2 2 2 3 4 5 2 9 5 0 1 .9 .8 .1 .6 .6


1.4. 1 (r) = (n (r) - p (r)),
2

1 + k2 1 = 0,

1 = 0, n

(11)

k = E /( u)

, E , u V1 /(2m) 1 1 . n 1 (r) 1 (r) = jL (knL r )YLM (^) (knL r L). - ( z ) , M Lz EnLM = u knlM , u . < , , || 0.5
2 knL M

|1 |2 dV

|

1 |2 dV .

(12)

r
r
R( )

, .


E / E

||

1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

. (12), -.




E / E

||

1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

2 ( ) ( ) .




E'/E

1.2 1.15 1.1 1.05 1 0.95 0.9
M= 0 M = ‘1 M = ‘2

0.85 0.8 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5



(E ) (E ) M L.


2. . : нн, , E . " J. Rapaport, Phys. Rep. 87, 25 (1982)", -8 : п Re[V (r, )] = -U1 ()f1 (r ) + 4U п п fi (r ) =
2

1 df2 (r ) l § s + V (r ), r dr

(13) (14)

1 1 + exp[(r - Ri )/ai ]

н - (Ri = ri A1/3 , i = 1, 2), V R ; U1 (), U2 , r1 , r2 , a1 , a2 , R п . , (13) , V (r ) V (r, ) fi (r ) = {1 + exp[(r - Ri )/ai ]}-1 ^ ^ fi (r, ) = {1 + exp[(r - Ri ( ))/ai ( )]}- ^
1

(15)

: 1 ^ . (16) (grad fi )2=R () = (grad fi )2=Ri = r r ^i 16a2 i


, , . ( ) . , . (S.G. Nilsson, K. Dan. Mat.-Fys. Medd. Vid. Selsk. 29, N. 16). N0 , , N0 = N + 6, N .
A

E () =
i= 1

i (),

(17)

i () . ( ) . - , (17) , J (, J K = A 1 i ) i=


.
B Ne 23 Na 24 Mg 25 Mg 26 Mg 27 Al 28 Si 32 S 33 S 36 Ar 44 Ca 46 Ti 50 V 54 Cr 55 Mn 56 Fe 59 Co 70 Zn 75 As 74 Se
21 11

E, 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .0 .0 .0 .3 .0 .8 .0 .7 .2 .0 .9 .1 .8 .0 .8 .0 .8 .0 .3 .0 .6 0 0 0 7 0 1 0 8 3 0 7 6 9 0 3 0 5 0 5 0 4

J



Q, 2 4.07 10.30 10.40 17.30 19.94 14.00 14.50 16.70 14.80 -7.40 11.00 14.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 32.00 21.00 39.50 24.00 30.70 36.00

dQ, 2 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 1 2 1 6 7 6 4 8 2 8 3 3 5 7 .0 .8 .4 .1 .2 .3 .5 .2 .1 .4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 -0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .2 .3 .2 .1 .1 .1 .2 .0 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 9 6 0 2 8 3 4 2 3 6 4 5 0 8 7 9 5 6 3 2 7 8 3 7 5 4 1 9 6 7 7 8 3 4 5 2 9 6 8 7 0 6 0.276 0.431 0.429 0.429 0.376 0.401 0.201 -0.346 0.202 -0.118 -0.161 0.117 0.240 0.162 0.235 0.233 0.201 0.191 0.059 0.141 0.069

3/2- 3/2+ 3/2+ 2+ 5/2+ 2+ 5/2+ 2+ 2+ 3/2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 6+ 2+ 5/2- 2+ 7/2- 2+ 3/2- 2+

-

-

-


Kr Sr 91 Zr 108 Pd 109 Sn 123 Sb 135 Xe 137 Xe 144 Nd 146 Nd 149 Nd 150 Nd 159 Eu 160 Gd 165 Ho 165 Er 182 Ta 186 W 185 Pt 229 Ra 235 U 241 Am
85 81

. () E, J Q, dQ, Q 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 .0 .0 .4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .7 .4 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 3 0 8 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 7/2+ 9/2+ 5/2+ 2+ 5/2+ 7/2+ 3/2+ 7/2- 2+ 2+ 5/2- 2+ 5/2+ 2+ 7/2- 5/2- 3- 2+ 9/2+ 5/2+ 7/2- 5/2- 6 2 2 5 3 4 2 4 2 7 3 0 6 0 3 7 6 6 8 1 5 8 4 8 0 5 1 9 1 9 2 8 0 0 6 8 9 1 0 0 5 0 7 0 .0 .9 .6 .0 .0 .0 .4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.00 2.90 1.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.70 1.70 9.00 9.00 30.00 50.00 30.00 4.00 34.00 3.00 30.00 30.00 50.00 20.00 161.00 120.00 0.173 0.062 -0.061 0.160 0.066 -0.072 0.065 -0.064 0.041 0.142 0.187 0.359 0.350 0.335 0.313 0.322 0.231 0.202 0.242 0.229 0.243 0.251 0.115 0.071 -0.021 0.149 0.107 -0.055 0.092 -0.061 0.105 0.141 0.189 0.225 0.298 0.296 0.299 0.295 0.221 0.181 0.253 0.178 0.246 0.252

1 -2 2 -2 3 2 2 -1 3 3 4 3


3.
> E 40 () . (J.S. Levinger, Phys. Rev. 84, 43 (1951)), (J. M. Laget, Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 137, edited by H. Arenhovel and A. M. Saruis (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1981), p. 148.), - , (M.B. Chadwick et al., Phys. Rev. C 44, 814 (1991)), - - - . 40 140 . .


4. : . - m- . , , , . (m m - 2) , . . dp, dn, - {Z, N } , m- U . P (U ; dp, dn, m) .
m

P (U ; dp, dn, m) =
m =m0 k =p,n
m = 2

D (U ; dp, dn, m , m) Ѕ

U +Bk (dpk ,dnk )

Ѕ

U +Bk (dpk ,dnk )

P (Uk ; dpk , dnk , m + 1) k (k , Uk ; dpk , dnk , m + 1) dUk , (Uk ; dpk , dnk , m + 1) + (Uk ; dpk , dnk , m + 1)

(18)

dpk dp - kp , dnk dn - kp , Bk (dpk , dnk ) {Z - dpk , N - dnk }; k (, E ; dp, dn, m) =

k ( )

(U ; dp + kp , dn + kn , m - 1) 2s + 1 Іk (; dp, dn) 23 (E ; dp, dn, m)

(19)

m- -


= E - U - Bk (dp, dn);
E -Bk (dp,dn)

(E ; dp, dn, m) =



-1 k =n , p 0

k (, E ; dp, dn, m) d

(20)

m- ; (E ; dp, dn, m) = 2 M 2 + (E ; dp, dn, m) ;
m-2

(21)

D (U ; dp, dn, m , m) =
n =m n =2

(U ; dp, dn, n) (U ; dp, dn, n) + (U ; dp, dn, n)

m m - 2

(22)

, , m - m- . (E ; dp, dn, m), + (E ; dp, dn, m), -. . , - + (E ; dp, dn, 4) E = 40 , GNASH. н w(E ; dp, dn), (A. Gilbert, A.G.W. Cameron, Can. J. Phys. 43, 1446 (1965)), - . P(U ; dp, dn), {Z - dp, N - dn} U , , (18). P (U ; dp, dn, m) P(U ; dp, dn) , , , .


181 Ta. : J.T. Bramblett et al., Phys. Rev. 129, 2723 (1963); R. Bergere et al., Nuc. Phys. A 121, 463 (1968). : TALYS, , ().


4.1. T> - ( (U ; dp, dn, m)) (w(U ; dp, dn)) , U U - T (dp, dn) , {Z - dp, N - dn}. T> - T (dp, dn). , (19) (U ; dp, dn + 1, m - 1), T> - (E ; dp, dn, m) n (; dp, dn) .
,

100 80 60 40 20 0 25 20 15 10 5 0 5

48

Ca

(,n)

(,p)


10 15 20 25 30 35 40

E ,
( , n) ( , p) 48 Ca ( ) ( ) . : G.J. O'Keefe et al., Nucl. Phys. A 469, 239 (1987).


4.2. , 2p2h- " + ". , ( E ) , (. (21)). , 1p1h- , , R(E ) = (E )/ (E ), 1p1h- (E ; 0, 0, 2) = 2 M 2 + (E - R(E ) ; 0, 0, 2). (23)

1p1h- -.


,

40
112

30 20 10 0 60
116

Sn

Sn

40 20 0 100 75 50 25 0 150 100 50 0 200
128 124 120

Sn

Sn

150 100 50 0 150 100 50 0
132

Sn

Sn

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

E ,

( , 2n) + ( , 2n + p) A = 112, 116, 120, 124, 128, 132. , .


5.

,

40
90

Zr

30 20 10 0

(,p)

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

E ,
( , p) 90 Zr. : (D. Brajnik et al., Phys. Rev. C 13, 1852 (1976)), (.. ., . 29, 213 (1965)), (W.R. Dodge et al., Phys. Rev. C 32, 781 (1985)). : , T< - T> - , .
,
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 142

Nd

(,p)

E ,

( , p) 142 Nd. : .. ., 14, 1118 (1971). : , T< - T> - , .


,

4 208 3

Pb

(,p)

2

1

0

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

E ,

(1981)).

( , p) 208 Pb. (A. Lepretre et al., Nucl. Phys. A 367, 237 : ; , T< - , T> - , 2.


,

400 300 200 100 0 250 200 150 100 50 0 40 30 20 10 0

186

W

(,n) + (,n+p)

(,2n) + (,2n+p)

(,3n)

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

E ,

185, 1576 (1969)). : ,

186 W. (B.L. Berman et al., Phys. Rev. , , , .


j ,

10

2

181

Ta

j=6
10 1

j=2
-1

10 10

1 10

j=7

j=3
10

1 10
-1

1

10 1

j=8

j=4
10

10 10 10 1

-1 -2

1

j=9

10

-1

10 10

-1 -2

j=5
10 10 1 1 10 10
-1 -1 -2

40

60

80

100

120

140

j = 10

10 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

40

60

80

100

120

140

E ,

j (E ) = l=0 k=j ( , lpk n; E ) , j, j + 1, . . . . (A. Lepretre et al., Nucl. Phys. A 367, 237 (1981)). 181 Ta, , , , .


(,p),

10 10 10 1

3 2

Sn

(,n),

Np

н

Nn

н

пп ( , p), ( , n) Np , Nn , E = 0н30 , A . : , : , : , : . ; , T> .






100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

A
10 10 10 1 100 105 110 115 120 125 130
3 2


135

A
1 10 10 10
-1 -2 -3


100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

A
1 10 10 10
-1 -2 -3


100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

A


(d n /d d) /(NZ /A), /( )

2.5
63

2 1.5 1 0.5 0

Cu
1

207

Pb

0.5

115

2 1.5

In

0

2

2.5 1 0.5 0 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2
181 118

209

Bi

2 1.5 1 0.5 0

Sn

235

2

U

Ta

1.5 1 0.5 0

1.5 1 0.5 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

d2 n ()/d d = Cu, In, Sn, ). , ,
63 115 118 181 207 209 85 E 235

,

d2 n (, 85)/d d - N d2 n (, 55)/d d [K (E , 85) - N K (E , 55)] dE

Ta, Pb, Bi U ( K (E , E ) , N = K (E , 85)/K (E , 55) E = 18 , E = 85 55 : N.N. Kaushal et al., Phys. Rev. 175, 1330 (1968)). : , . .


: 1. , E L-. , Lz - , (2), . , 2 , . 2. , , - , < < (10 A 240), , . . , . 3. , : . ( , p) 2 E 20н35 . 4. , . , , T> - . 5. -. ( , kp + ln) (101-135 Sn), , 2 E 140 . 1p1h- , - - ,


. , -. , : . 6. , (, 101-108 Sn), , , , . , , , . 7. , T> - , .


!