Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://acs366.phys.msu.su/isna16/ISNA-16%20Instructions%20for%20Authors.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Wed Jun 19 09:55:21 2002 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Mon Oct 1 19:59:11 2012 Êîäèðîâêà:

INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS General Information
· Paper must be written in English. Authors whose native language is not English are recommended to seek the advice of a native English speaker, if possible, before submitting their papers. No more than one paper per registration fee will be included in the Proceedings for those participants who have paid reduced registration fee (students and participants supported by stipends from the Organizing Committee). Full participants ($250-300) do not have such a restriction. Length of paper in final layout: Regular paper -- four pages; Invited paper -- up to eight pages The paper should be submitted electronically as a pdf document. The deadline for the electronic submission is 10 August, 2002. Please send an e-mail message with attached pdf file to isna16@acs366b.phys.msu.su Use subject "Paper for the ISNA-16 Proceedings" for this e-mail message. In addition to the electronic submission, an envelope containing printed hardcopy of the paper and a diskette or CD with the original electronic document should be given to the Organizing Committee during the on-site registration 18-19 August, 2002. Tentative publication date is March 2003. If you have any questions on the paper preparation, please see the section Proceedings at the ISNA-16 website http://acs366.phys.msu.su/isna16 or contact the Organizing Committee by email isna16@acs366b.phys.msu.su

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Format
(see 4-page example at the end of this document)
· · · · Page orientation ­ portrait Page size: A4 (210 x 297 mm) Size of text area: 148 x 219 mm Margins: top ­ 39 mm, bottom ­ 39 mm, left ­ 31 mm, right ­ 31 mm.


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Drop 36 pt (i.e. 1/2 inch) from the top margin. Include the full title of the paper: 20 pt Times New Roman, Bold, Cap/lowercase, centered Drop 24pt Include authors' initials followed by last name: 14 pt Times New Roman, Cap/lowercase, centered. Separate authors' names by commas, put superscript symbols *, , , §, or # at the end of the names to mark authors with different affiliations. Drop 24pt Include each author's affiliation and complete addresses (including zip and codes and country), put semicolon and then the word "E-mail:" followed by address of the corresponding coauthor(s). Use 10 pt Times New Roman, Cap/lowercase, centered. Put the same superscript symbols *, , , §, or # affiliation of the corresponding author. Start each affiliation/address as paragraph and separate them by a semicolon. Drop 36 pt Write the word "Abstract." by 10 pt Times New Roman bold and include in the same paragraph the abstract using 10 pt Times New Roman, justified. Indent 1 cm spaces from the left and right margins. The abstract should be clear, descriptive, selfexplanatory and not longer than 200 words. Drop 36 pt and begin text. Use 12 pt Times New Roman throughout the text. postal e-mail Italic, before a new

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Refer to the American Institute of Physics (AIP) Style Manual, Fourth for standard symbols and unit abbreviations. See the http://www.aip.org/pubservs/style.html We suggest that you use th System of Units (SI units). Define any acronyms the first time you parenthetical description following the acronym. Edition (1990), AIP website e International use them, in a

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Number figures with Arabic numerals, and type the caption below the space for the figure. Each illustration must include a caption that clearly and succinctly explains its content. Illustrations are consecutively numbered in the text. Position the caption 6mm (1/4 inch) below the illustration. The caption should be the full width of the text area; if the caption runs shorter than the width, center the caption. The caption format: Type the word ``FIGURE n'' (n=figure number) in 10 pt Times New Roman, BOLD CAPS , followed by a period. Use 10 pt Times-Roman, Cap/lowercase for the caption text. The space for the figure and its caption should be separated from the text by 6 mm distance.


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Acknowledgements:
Acknowledgments should be positioned at the end of the paper and before the reference section. Set the word "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS" as a first-level head (14 pt).

References:
As a first level head (14 pt), set the word "REFERENCES" . List and number all bibliographical references at the end of your paper. When referring to them in the text, type the corresponding reference number between square brackets, e.g. [1]. References should be written by 10 pt Times New Roman in the following form: Paper presented at a conference: Last name(s) and initial(s) of author(s), "title of paper," name of publication, place of publication, publisher, year, inclusive page numbers. Example: 1. Chapelon, J.Y., and Cathignol, D., "High energy ultrasound therapy: Part I ­ High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)," in Advances in Nonlinear Acoustics,


Proceedings of 13th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics, ed. by H. Hobaek (World Scientific, Singapore, 1993), 30-35. Journal paper: Last name(s) and initial(s) of author(s), "title of paper," name of journal, volume number (bold), inclusive page numbers, year. Example: 2. Cleveland, R.O., et al., "A dual passive cavitation detector for localized detection of lithotripsy-induced cavitation in vitro," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107, 1745-1758 (2000). Book reference: Last name(s) and initial(s) of author(s) or editor(s), book title (in italics), place of publication, publisher, year, chapter and/or inclusive page numbers. Example: 3. Olver, P., Application of Lie Groups to Differential Equations (Springer, New York, 1986), ch. 4, 133-145.

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Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if their paper is accepted for publication, copyright in the article, including the right to reproduce the article in all forms and media, shall be assigned exclusively to the Publisher of the Proceedings. The copyright form for each paper to fill and sign by one of the coauthors will be provided at the registration desk.

Quoting from other publications
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The red color information is given only for explanation and should not be repeated in your document

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Sample Title of Paper in Proceedings of 16th International Symposium on NA
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Times New Roman, Italic, Cap/lowercase, centered *Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, Washington 98105; E-mail: firstauthor@apl.washington.edu; INSERM, UnitÈ 556, 151 Cours Albert Thomas, 69424 Lyon Cedex 03, France ; E-mail : coauthor2@lyon151.inserm.fr, coauthor3@lyon151.inserm.fr; Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215; E-mail: coauthor4@bu.edu, coauthor5@bu.edu 10 pt Times New Roman, Bold Cap/lowercase 10 pt Times New Roman, justified

A.B. Firstauthor*, C. Coauthor2, D.E. Coauthor3, E.F. Coauthor4 , and G.H. Coauthor5 10 pt

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Abstract. This is a sample abstract. A time-domain numerical method is presented for simulating the finite-amplitude acoustic pulse propagation in relaxing fluid. The main effects responsible in finite-amplitude wave propagation, i.e. diffraction, nonlinearity, dispersion, and absorption are taken into account. These effects are treated independently using the method of fractional steps with a second-order operator-splitting algorithm. The 10 mm 10 mm results of calculations in an ideal, linear and non-dissipative medium show the validity of the method for simulating the effect of diffraction. For a real medium, a very good agreement was obtained in the shape of theoretical and experimental pressure-time waveforms. It has been demonstrated that the effect of pressure averaging over the surface of the hydrophone active element, has the most important influence on the measurements, especially for focused beams, when the focus dimensions become comparable with, or even smaller than, the hydrophone active element size. First-level heading 14 pt Times New Roman, Bold, Caps, centered

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INTRODUCTION

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This is a sample text. Advances in the development of acoustic microscopes [1], high intensity focused ultrasound surgery [2] and lithotripsy and cavitation-induced tissue destruction [3], have generated renewed concern about finite amplitude effects in focused sound beams. Each system is capable of transmitting focused sound that is Main text strongly affected by the combined influence ew Roman, 12 pt Times N of nonlinearity, absorption and diffraction. Existing analytical solutions fail to adequately describe these sound fields, and only justified recently have numerical solutions been developed that model the radiation of focused finite-amplitude sound from practical sources. A series of theoretical models for studying the focusing of intensive acoustic wave has been developed during the last two decades. At present, however, there is no analytical solution of the general problem of focused sound fields including the effects

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of diffraction, nonlinearity and absorption. A model which seems to be best suited to the study of moderately focused acoustic beams and which accounts for diffraction, nonlinearity and absorption is based on the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) parabolic equation [4, 5]. Although the model is apparently valid for arbitrary source conditions, their investigations of focused sound are limited to systems in rswhichheading Fi t-level 14 pt Times N diffraction effects are relatively weak and focusing gains are relatively low. A numberew Roman, of computer codes has been proposed to solve the KZK equation numerically.Bold, Caps, centered
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EXPERIMENTS
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Materials and Methods
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Second-level heading 14 pt Times New Roman, Bold, Cap/lowercase, centered Third-level heading 13 pt Times New Roman, was filmed with a Kodak /lowercase, Italic, Cap Company, Rochester, New tered cen

High-Speed Photographing
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This is a sample text. Cavitation in the water tank Ektapro 4540 high-speed digital camera (Eastman Kodak York) at a rate of 40,500 frames per second (i.e., each frame was exposed for 25 µs). We used a 24 - 120-mm lens with and without a 2x-magnifying lens. The focal area was backlit with a 1000-W lamp and was filmed through the acrylic wall of the tank. The sensor had 64x64 pixels, and images were presented in 256 grayscale levels. The 10-mm or 20-mm square images (30-mm depth of focus) captured the cluster of bubbles growing and collapsing along the lithotripter axis which ran from lower right to upper left in the image. Images were stored on VHS videotape. Video images were digitized from videotape and analyzed with NIH Image (Bethesda, Maryland) pulse generator on a Macintosh G3 computer. The images were acquired with an Imacon 200 high speed camera (DRS Hadland, computer Cupertino, California, USA) and stored digitally. A 1000-J flash lamp provided positioning oscilloscope system lighting from the front, and exposure times were 100 ns. The camera has a maximum frame rate of 40,500 frames per second and hydrophone stores up to 5120 full frames in memory. The size of each frame at the maximum framing rate is 64x64 pixels. In these focused thermometer experiments, the focal depth was 3 cm transducer and the image area was 9 mm by 9mm except in the preparation of Fig. 1 where FIGURE 1. This is a figure caption. It should the image was 100 mm by 100mm. The be 10 pt Times New Roman. The caption should be the full width of the text area; if the camera was triggered with the caption runs shorter than the width, center the photodiode and operated simultaneously caption. with the dual PCD system, see Fig 2.
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Referring to the figure

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FIGURE 2. This is a sample caption. Neighboring bubbles send their jets towards each other.

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The digital images obtained by the camera were stored on video tape and subsequently analyzed with NIH image. Video images were digitized from videotape and analyzed with NIH Image (Bethesda, Maryland) on a Macintosh G3 computer. The images in Fig. 2 were acquired with an Imacon 200 high speed camera (DRS Hadland, Cupertino, California, USA) and stored digitally.

Cavitation detection receivers
This is a sample text. Although, the dual PCD system consists of two focused receivers we first discuss the behavior of a single PCD receiver. The individual transducers used in this research were spherical caps of C-5400 lead zirconate titanium (PZT) (Channel Industries, Santa Barbara, CA) with a resonance frequency of 1.08 MHz, aperture diameter of 100 mm, and radius of curvature (focal length) of either 100 mm or 200 mm. The PZT elements were mounted in stainless steel housing and were air-backed. This is a sample text. This is a sample text.

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Experimental Results
This is a sample text. Fig. 2 shows results for cavitation measured at F2 for charging voltages between 12 kV and 24 kV. Both the characteristic time (tC) and collapse pressure (pC2) are plotted. Twenty shock waves were fired at each location. The data for shots where a coincident event was detected is marked by a `+'. The solid line shows the mean value of the data. Presenting the data in this manner allows trends to be observed and at the time same provides the number of events that occurred and the scatter in the data. It can be seen that for both lithotripters there was an almost monotonic increase in the radiated pressure. This is a sample text.

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THEORY
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This is a sample text. The basic equation of the nonlinear theory of acoustic beams propagating in medium with general type nonlinearity is KZ equation: u u 2 u 2 u ( u) +P = + , z x2 y 2 (1)

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where u is function describing the waveform, is retarded time, z is a coordinate along the beam axis, and x and y are the transverse coordinates. Eq.(1) is written in the form


10 pt Times New Roman, Bold Symmetry no. 0 6 7 8 6 mm TABLE 1. This a sample table caption. Tangent vectors of the symmetry groups of the generalized KZ equation for an arbitrary from of nonlinearity P(u). The function (x 0 , x 2 , x 3 ) in the symmetry no.8 is an arbitrary solution of the Laplace's equation. 6 mm 0 x0 0 0 0 1 x1 x3/2 0 0 2 x2 0 x3 0 3 x3 x0 -x2 0 w 0 0 ( x0 , x2 , x3 ) 0 0 0 0 10 pt Times New Roman

this is a sample text. Many of the symmetries wn previously for the 3D Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya equation. Up to now, the group analysis of the KZ equation has been conducted only for the case of a quadratic nonlinearity [4]. In this paper, the group classification of the KZ equation is performed for an arbitrary form of the nonlinear term; i.e. all possible point symmetries of the generalized KZ equation are calculated. This is a sample text. This is a sample text. This is a sample text.

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CONCLUSIONS
This is a sample text. An ultrasound image-guided, localized cavitation detection and marking system was devised and tested. Cavitation was detected by dual passive cavitation detection.[1] Two focused receivers and coincidence detection allowed us to detect within the tissue and within the fluid of the collecting system. Two charging potentials were tested 18 and 24 kV. The time tC, over which the bubbles grow and collapse, is slightly longer in tissue than in the collecting system, 562±93 µs and 448±76 µs at 18 kV and 745±143 and 681±112 at 24 kV. PCD signals as well as hyperecho in the B-mode ultrasound image were detected more readily in the collecting system than in tissue.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This is a sample text. This work was supported by NIH grant P01 DK43881, NIH grant R01 DK55674, NIH Fogarty FIRCA, NATO, and CRDF.

REFERENCES
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1. Chapelon, J.Y., and Cathignol, D., "High energy ultrasound therapy: Part I ­ High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)," in Advances in Nonlinear Acoustics, Proceedings of 13th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics, ed. by H. Hobaek (World Scientific, Singapore, 1993), 30-35. 2. Cleveland, R.O., et al., "A dual passive cavitation detector for localized detection of lithotripsyinduced cavitation in vitro," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107, 1745-1758 (2000). 3. Olver, P., Application of Lie Groups to Differential Equations (Springer, New York, 1986) 133-145.

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), ch. 4,