Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://chronos.msu.ru/old/RREPORTS/osnovaniya_fiziki/levich_metabolicheskaya.pdf
Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Sat Dec 14 13:26:17 2013
Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Fri Feb 28 20:53:28 2014
Êîäèðîâêà:
, -
. .
Web- http://www.chronos.msu.ru . ..

"". "" (, 1981, . 472), , , " µ ", .. , . "" (, .) "" ( "substitution" ­ ). ­ , , , . "" .: " , , , ..." (Newton, 1744). "" "", "", "" ( , , "", ""). "" , " - ", .. . "" "" , , . "" - , , . , , , " ". "" , . ., " ..."


( 08-06-00073) ( 06-03-00163).

153


(Newton, 1687). 1853 . . ( De Tunzelmann, 1910), , " ... " " ...". . , "... , . , ; . , , , , , ..., " (Pearson, 1891, . 309-312). , , " " .. (1991), "" , , , . , , "", . , , ­ , , , . . "" , . (speculatio (.) ­ , ), , . ­ , , (, 1986; 1989; 1996; 2007,; 2008; Levich, 1995).

1. ,
1) (, , ), "" ( "" ). -

154


2)

3)

4)

- (, "", .. ), ­ . . . , a , b c : 1) a b b c , a c ; 2) a b b a , a b 3) a b , b a , a b . b ( ) a , 1) a b 2) c , a c c b . , (, , ) ( ). -. () () .
- ­ , , "" "".

5)

(-) F ( Q, f ) , Q ­ ( ) , f ­ ( ) Q -. . "", "" "", "", , " ". F j , j J S S . f j F j , S , S . Q j F j , S , . , , . .. . , .. , , . ("" "", "" "") - , -

6)

155


. .
.: " , , , , , , , , , , , , . . , , ( ), , , ." (Newton, 1744). ­ . "" : "", "" () "" ("") . "" : "", () , (, ) . ­ - " ". ­ , , () . "" , , , "" "" "" . "-" , "" " ", -, ( ), XIX , "" "" . , -, " " ( ., 2006).

7)

(.. ) .

156


(, 1986; 1989; 1996). .

8)

9)

, . . , , . , . "". " ". , , .

(, 1996) , , " ". 1) ­ "" (-, ) "", "", "" (, -, .. - ).
, -. "" , ( -), "" . , .

2)

3)

( ) : " " ­ , , "" (""), ­ . () -. , (, 2008). "" , , . ,

157


, , , ­ , , , ­ . ( Q, f ) (. ), "", Q , , f , "" (. 2.2) .
, "" . "" . (, , , ). , "" " " ­ .

4)

5) 6)

7) 8)

, ­ : · ; · , , (.. ) , . · , "", (. 3.2). , . ­ . , ­ . . . ­ , "" . . , , , (. ). .

158


9)

, , . "" , "" . , , , . ­ . "", "". 10) , " " , , , . , .. , , " ". . , " ", , , .. , , , .
(, 1982; 2008). ObS S . ( ­ , (, 2008). ­ "" ­ .) , ObS , , . , ­ , .

159


2.
2.1. (, 1996). , (. ). , , , , a < b < c, (a, b) < (a, c) . "" . "" "" . , , . . : . (. ). , . , , . " ". " " ( ) " ". , . m ( m = m + + m - , ). ( ). , 0 , .

160


, : .
: "A priori , . , "" ; . , . : - , ?" (Milne, 1948, . 5). : , , , (Tompson, Tait, 1890).

: 1) 2) . , 1) "" , "" 0 , 2) "" 0 . , , (. ) 0 . (, ) t = m0 , m ­ , , 0 ­ . 0 . 0 = 1, m , .
"" "" .. .. (2004). .

: ; ; , -

161


; . , ; ; . 2.2. , : · ; · ; · . , .. . , (. ) l . . , , ­ , ­ 0 , . , : . : 1) "" 0 2) "" 0 . , , 0 . "" . ( ) s = l 0 , l ­ 0 ­ .

162


L x = l 0 , l = l + + l - l + ­ L , , l - ­ . 0 . 0 = 1 , l . , . ( ). - , ­ , . , - (.1), (.2).

.1. T L

163


.2. - M

- . , . , n . . ­ ( ) , ­ "" , "" . , , ­ , ­ . , ­ ­ .
( , ) "". . 0 0 . : 0 (.. ), , 0 . "" t = m0 0 , - , .. l = m 0 = 0 , .. "" . : 0 (.. ), 0 0 . "" , "" ­ ­ . : 0 (.. ), 0 0 . "" , "" . ­ , ""

164


. -, "" .

3.
3.1. : , : -. . , . -. ( ). . , , "" "-" "", "" , , , "", , , , , . : · , ; · , ; · , . , . , , . -

165


( ) . 3.2. "" -. , . , , (.2). a, b c , a b b c . a b tab a c ­ tac . , - t tac > tab . a b sab = ab 0 , 0 t a c ­ sac = ac 0 . , 0 sac > sab . " " " " . 0 = 0 0 . , . . 0 . 0 " ", ( ) , , "" . , , ­ , , .

166


, . , 0 . , , , . (. ), , . ­ . ( o ) ( ), ( a ) t a ( x a ). : 1) T ­ 0 , 2) T L ­ 0 , 3) T L F . (t , x) T L . F : F , x , , t . F : 1, t x ; t ,x )= F ( . 0, t x , F ( t , x ) F , F = 1 (.3). F F .

167


­ , : 2 2 F (t , x) = cos t + x , F , F = 1. , 2p 2E (t , x) = cos t+ x h h ( h ­ , E p ­ ). , (, 2000). ( , , .. (2004)). , . ( 1 0), . (Born, 1926) . ­ {0,1}. [0,1], .

.3. F 1 ( t1 , x1 ) 0 ( t2 , x2

)

168


T , L F . , , . , " " " ". , ­ , . , , , -. , , , " " , .. ( ) ( ). , . T . 3.3. - . ­ . . . , , . (. ). ( 2.1). F T . (i ) i i + 1 F T . (i ) i i + 1 F , F L . . . , (. ) . .

169


n , .
- - , , ; , ; .. .

T =


i =1

n

(i ) , n ­

; i ( , . ) ; (i ) ­ i i + 1 . , , T = n , ­ . R =


i =1

n

(i ) , n ­ -

; i ; (i ) ­ i i + 1 . , , R = n , ­ . F T {(i )}iF , (i ) F T . F , (i ) 3.2 F . , { (i )}iF F L , (i ) ­ F , L ( , ). (i ) = TF (i ) = RF , TF RF ­ iF iF

F , . T {FT (i )}iF , F (i ) = (i ) TF {FL (i )}iF , FL (i ) = (i ) RF .

170


. , ( ), { (i )}iF .
((i ) = const , (i ) = const ), , (, , ) ­ , .. .

(i ) T 0 , (i ) R ­ 0 , (i ) 0 0 . . , , . 3.4. D . . , ( D -) . ("") , ( ) t = {t1 , t2 , ..., tk ...} , k , tk k - . , , , ( , -, (, 1982)), "" , H (, 1982; 1996; 2004; 2008): H ( t ) = k ( t ) tk ,
k

k .

171


, , (, , 2008).
. , , . , , , . , : , , ? , (, 2004; , 2006), .

: , F1 F2 , T . F1 F2 t 12 = 12 , t12 a F1 F2 ( , T s i : T Fi , i = 1, 2 ). t12 + t 21 = (.4), 12 + 21 = 1 . t , .. 12 = 2 12 . 12 + 21 = 2 .

.4.

.

172


. D D - 1 ­ D - 1 . .. (2004) , , . , . , , .
, , " , ..." ( 1992, . 87). " (" "), ... . () ; ­ , , : ­ . , , ." (, 1992, .100). " ... . . , , ... ... , ... ... ... , ... ­ ­ ... " (Greene, 1999, .19).

, , . . : (Greene, 1999). " " . . ­ , "" -

173


, . ­ , , "" "" . , , ­ , - . , , , -. . ( ) .. (2008) .. (2005). 3.5. , F = {Q, f } f , Q . (. ) . . S , F j , , S = U f j () f j .
jS

S D F j = Q j ; f j1 ; f j2 ; ..., f j j Q j ­ (), f ji ­

{

}

i j D j ­ j . S iS :
max D

PS =


i =1

{ j}

max D

=
i S


i =1

{ j}
jS

U f ji .

, . , .
% PS = U
jS i =1



D

j

% f ji , PS PS . ,

.

174


( , ), ( ), -. D - (. ), .
, - (. 3.4). " , - 4- . , ­ : D = 4 ­ -, , , . "" 4 ... , , , , , ... " (, 1992, . 133).

, - (. 2.1.) (. 2.1 2.2), .. . : , ­ . , , - ( ), .
(, Chen, 2000; Bars, 2001; Bars, Kuo, 2006), (, , 1980; , 1982).

, ( ) , ( "" ). ,

175


( ) . , ( ), . . R T (. 3.3). , . R , , (, 2003). R ( T ) . , "" ­ , ( ) . "" ( "" ), , . , "", "" . . .. (2004) , " ... ". B A , B A , (. ) B A . , , , . - . , , , .. "" . 12 21 (. 3.4.). -

176


21 = 2 - 12 , ( -12 ), .. (?) . (. 2.2). 3.6. (. ). , .. , . , , . ( ) (. ), . , ( " ") "" (. ). "" , (. 3.5), (. 3.2), . : T , L F , T L . T (. 3.2.). T L L T . L . 3.2, F (t, x) . (t, x) , . , "" QF 0 = 0 , 0 0 0 T L . S F1 = (Q 1 , f 1 ) F2 = (Q 2 , f 2 ) , . S = f1 U f 2 (.

177


3.5). , (. 3.5). F1 F2 . S . (t1 , x1 ) (t2 , x2 ) r12 = (t2 - t1 , x2 - x1 ) . , , (Q1 , Q2 ) S (.5).

.5. .

, -, . , ( .5) " " , .
-, (a, b), a ­ Q (Q, f ) , b ­ f , .. . a b , .. b " " a (. "" 3.4). ( ., 1994; Dragovich, 1994; , 2005).

­ (. ). S . T L .

178


T L , , S "" . S - T â L T â L , S (. ) ­ (m + , n + ) (m - , n - ) : t = (m + + m - )0 , s = (n + + n - ) 0 ( 0 0 ­ T L ). "" : S . , , . 3.7. ­ ­ , . , . . - ( ) - . , . "" . XIX . "" "-" .., (Roseveare, 1982, .125-133).
"" ... , (Bjerknes, 1901). .. 1856 . , , , , . , . . (Guthrie, 1870) . . , , , , . . . " -

179


", 1872 ., , , . . . (Hicks, 1880) . (Leahy, 1889), , , . .. 1906-1907 . (Poincare,1953) . , , ­ , .. , "" . ( . , (Feynman, 1965), ). , - ( XX , (., , , 1991; , 1996; , 2003)). , . , , , , . 1853 . . , " " (De Tunzelmann, 1910). 1870 . , , .. ( ) .: "... , , ... , . , ; . , , , , , , "" (Pearson, 1891, . 309-312). . , , , , , . " " .. (1889). " , : , ­ , ...

180


, ." (, 1987, . 8). , "" , .. (1958, . 686-688): " ... , , ... , , , , ... ". (, , 1995; , 1999; , 2001; , 2002).

, - , "" ( "" XIX, XX ). , ; ; . "" . "" : " ", , , ... , "" "" ­ ­ , - . , (. ).
. . . E p , , , : E ~ 1 p ~ 1 . h .

181


"" , , "" (. ). , , , , - , , "", "" .
"... ( , ). "", "" ""." (Feynman, 1985, . 82). " (), ... , , () ... ­ , , . , ; , . ­ , ." (Perkins, 1987, . 13-14). , , , - , - ( ) , , . , .

" ", , . "", "" . - , - . , -. (. 2), -

182


. , , ­ (. 3.3). ­ ­ "" , . "" , "" "" , (Green et al, 1986, 1.4.1). . (. ) . , , 3.5, . .. . (. 3.6), "" (.5). , , ("", "", "" ""). 3.8. , , . ­ ( 3.2), . - : "" ( "" ), "". ( 3.2.) ( 3.3) . , . ­

183


( 3.4). , , , (, ) . , ­ , "" : , , , ( 3.3). , , , (, , , , , ), . (, , ) " " (. 10 1). - , (. 3.3). " " : , ( ). , T > , ­ , , T . "" , T , . .. (2006), - 1017 , , , , , . , , , .

184



. 4 . .3. . .: , 1981. 613 . .. // . 1987. 8. .5-16. .., .., .. . .: , 2006. 216 . .. // http://retech.narod.ru/fizique/teor/h-ph.htm, 1999. .. . .: , 1995. 436 . .., .., .. P- . .: , 1994. .. // http://newfiz.narod.ru/massa.html, 2000. .. // http://newfiz.narod.ru/charge.html, 2002. .. // . 2006. .3. .1. . 1130-1142. (http://quantmagic.narod.ru/volumes/VOL312006/p1130.html) .. . . // : . 3. . . . . . .: -, 2008. .. . .: - . -, 1991. 448 . .., .. // . 2004. .1. .2. . 2101-2109. (http://quantmagic.narod.ru/volumes/VOL122004/p2101.html) .. , . .: - . -, 1982. 190 . .. // . .: - . -, 1986. . 163-190. .. // . 1988. .: , 1989. . 304-325. .. : // : . 1. . .: - . -, 1996. . 233-288. (: Levich A.P. Time as variability of natural systems: ways of q u a n t i t a t i v e d e s c ri p t i o n o f c h a n g e s a n d c re a t i o n o f c h a n g e s b y s u b s t a n t i a l flows // On the Way to Understanding the Time Phenomenon: the Con-

185


structions of Time in Natural Science. Part 1. Interdisciplinary Time Studies. Singapore, New Jersey, London, Hong Kong: World Scientific, 1995. Pp. 149-192.) .. // . .: , 2004. . 167-190. .. // . 2004. .124. 6. . 3-21. .. // . .: -, 2007. . 1 5 4 -1 5 8 . .. // : , , . .: " ", 2007. . 43-52. .. ? // : . 3. . . . . . .: -, 2008. .. // : . 3. . . . . . .: -, 2008. .. : // : . 3. . . . . . .: , 2008. .. // . .6. .: - . -, 1982. . 62-78. .. // . ., 1980. . 15-20. .. ­ ? // . . 162. 8. 1992. . 83-168. .. P- // http://www.chronos.msu.ru/seminar/rautumn05.html#13december, 2005. .. . : , 2001. 176 . .. , "" // . 1958. .119. 4. . 686-689.

186


.. . .: - .-. -, 2005. 230 . .. . .: , 2003. 160 . .. . .: , 2004. 96 . .. // http://www.chronos.msu.ru/RREPORTS/shulman_doklad.pdf, 2006. .. . ., 1889. 388 . BARS C. Survey of two-time physics // Class. Quant. Grav. V. 18. 2001. P. 3113. BARS C., KUO Y. Interacting Two-Time Physics Field Theory With a BRST Gauge Invariant Action // ArXiv: hep-th / 0605267. V3. 2006. BJERKNES V. Vorlesungen uber hydrodynamische Fernkrafte nach C.A. Bjerknes Theorie // Leipzig Band II. Tail III. 1901. BORN M. Quantenmechanik der StoúvorgÄnge // Zeitschrift fÝr Physik. 1926. Bd. 38. S. 803-827. CHEN X. A New Interpretation of Quantum Theory. Time as Hidden Variable // Quantum Physics, 2000. Pp. 1-5. DE TUNZELMANN G.W. A treatise on electrical theory and the problem of the universe. Chap. 18. L.: Charles Griffin, 1910. P. 362. DRAGOVICH B. Adelic Model of Harmonic Oscillator // . . 101. 1994. . 349-359. FEYNMAN R.P. The character of physical law. London: Cox and Wyman Ltd, 1965. (: . . .: , 1968. 232 .) FEYNMAN R.P. QED the Strange Theory of Light and Matter. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1985. (: . ­ . .: , 1988. 144 .) GREEN M.B., SHWARZ J.H., WITTEN E. Superstring Theory. V.1. Introduction. Cambridge, N.Y., New Rochelle, Melbourne, Sydney: Cambridge University Press, 1986. (: ., ., . . .1. . .: , 1990. 518 .) GREENE B. The Elegant Universe. Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory. N.Y.: Vintage Books, 1999. (: . . , . .: , 2004. 288 .) GUTHRIE F. On approach caused by vibration // Phil. Mag. 1870. V.39. P. 309; V.40. Pp. 345-354. HICKS W.M. On the problem of two pulsating spheres in fluid // Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 1880. V.3. Pp. 276-285.

187


LEAHY A.H. On the pulsations of spheres in an elastic medium // Trans. Camb. phil. Soc. 1889. V.14. Pp. 45-62. LEVICH A.P. Generating Flows and a Substantional Model of Space-Time // Gravitation and Cosmology. 1995. V.1. 3. Pp. 237-242. MILNE E.A. Kinematic Relativity. Oxford, 1948. 239 p. NEWTON I.S. Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. L., 1687. (: . . .: , 1989. 688 .) NEWTON I.S. Methodus fluxionum et seriarum infinitarum // Opuscula mathematica, philosophica et philologica, t.1. Lausaannae et Genevae, 1774. (: . // . . .-.: , 1937.) PEARSON K. Ether squirts // Am. J. Math. 1891. V.13. Pp. 309-362. PERKINS D.H. Introduction to high energy physics. 3-d edition. AddisonWesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1987. (: . . .: , 1991. 429 .) POINCARE H. Les limits de la loi de Newton // Bull. Astron. 1953. V.17. Pp. 1 2 1 -2 6 9 . ROSEVEARE N.T. Mercury's Perihelion from Le Verrier to Einstein. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982. (: .. . . .: , 1985. 246 .) TOMPSON W., TAIT P.G. Natural Philosophy. Cambridge, 1890.

188