Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://geo.web.ru/users/pavel/Publications/2008/Plechov08_fin.pdf
Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Wed Jan 16 17:10:48 2008
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øæýúùóùÙð?, 2008, êãß 16, < 1, â. 21-37

üáô 552.323.4

úùÙù×?æ ùÕõÔ÷ôð × Ô÷áæñðýÔÿ ðñ׿úìæ÷ð? 30 õÔúýÔ 1956 ,,. ×üóôÔ÷Ô Õæñ?õ?÷÷?ò ð üûóù×ð? ðÿ ùøÔåðýðñÔåðð
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*õãâÝã,âÝÛØ ,,ãâëâê,ÒÜÜÀØ ëÜÛ,ÒâÛêÒê Ûß. õ.×. óãßãÜãâã,, ,,ÒãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝÛØ éÝëÞÈêÒê 119899 õãâÝ,, ×ããÇÈÒ,À ,,ãÀ, úãââÛfl; Ò-mail: pavel@web.ru **ðÜâêÛêëê ,ëÞÝÜÛ~ÒâÝãØ ,,ÒãÞã,,ÛÛ Û ,,ÒãiÛßÛÛ á×ù úÔ÷ 683006 øÒêãä,Þã,âÝ-ôß~êâÝÛØ, ÇëÞ. øÛØä, 9, úãââÛfl
øãâêëäÛÞ , ÒÝ^Û 24.05.2006 ,,. øãÞë~ÒÜ äãâÞÒ ãÇãêÝÛ 11.11.2006 ,,.

ûêêÈfl äãâ,flÒÜ ÛÑë~ÒÜÛ ëâÞã,ÛØ ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ÝØß ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ ,ãÝë,, ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ , ÜÒÑÛêi ÝêâêãéÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,. ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ (ôß~êÝ). ôØßÀ ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ ãÇÑã,ÞÛâÈ ,âÞÒâê,ÛÒ ÇÛßÒêâãßêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÒÝ^ÛÛ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ Û âäÞ, â éãßÛã,ÜÛÒß ÑãÜÞÈÜãâêÛ: ã,,ã,fl ãÇßÜÝ Px + Pl + Ti-Mag Px + Pl Px âäÞ,. ÕÛßÒêâãßêãÑ äãiãÛÞ äÛ ÝêÛ,Üãß ,ÀÜãâÒ CaO ÛÑ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ, äÛ,ÜãâÒ SiO2 Û ÇãÞÒÒ âÞãÚÜãß äã,ÒÒÜÛÛ ãâêÞÈÜÀi ÝãßäãÜÒÜêã,. ÷flë â ÝØßßÛ, , ÑÒÜi ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ ÜÇÞêâfl ÒÝ^ÛÛ ãÇÒßÜã,,ã âä, ÝãêãÀÒ äãiãÛÞÛ , äã~êÛ ÛÑãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛi ëâÞã,Ûfli. ùÇÑã,ÜÛÒ ÝØß ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ äãÛâiãÛÞã , ÛÑãÇÛ~ÒâÝÛi ëâÞã,Ûfli, äÛ ,ÞÒÜÛÛ ãÝãÞã 6 ÝÇ. ÙÞ,ÜãØ äÛ~ÛÜãØ ÜÒâêÇÛÞÈÜãâêÛ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ äãâÞëÚÛÞ Ü,,Ò, ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ã~,, ãê 890 ã 1005Àû, ,âÞÒâê,ÛÒ ÛÜÒÝ^ÛÛ äã^ÛÛ ÇãÞÒÒ ,,ãfl~ÒØ ß,,ßÀ. øã ßãÜãâêÛ ÝØß ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ ÇÀÞã ëâêÜã,ÞÒÜã, ~êã ,Òßfl, äã?Ò?ÒÒ ãê ,ÜÒÒÜÛfl äã^ÛÛ ,,ãfl~ÒØ ß,,ßÀ , ã~,, Û ã Ü~Þ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl, ÜÒ äÒ,À?Òê 37 âëêãÝ. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛÒ 30 ßê 1956 ,,. ÜÒ â,flÑÜã â ,ãÑãÇÜã,ÞÒÜÛÒß ÝêÛ,ÜãâêÛ ,ëÞÝÜ , âÒÜêflÇÒ-ÜãflÇÒ 1955 ,,. Û ,ÀÑ,Üã Üã,ãØ ÛÜÒÝ^ÛÒØ ß,,ßÀ , ã~,, , éÒ,ÞÒ-ßêÒ 1956 ,,.

×ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ (55.98 â.?., 160.58 ,.., 2880 ß ,À?Ò ë. ß.) - ÒÛÜâê,ÒÜÜÀØ ÝêÛ,ÜÀØ ÜÒÑÛêã,ÀØ ,ëÞÝÜ ôÞ~Ò,âÝãØ ,,ëääÀ (Ûâ. 1). ôêâêãéÛ~ÒâÝãÒ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛÒ 30 ßê 1956 ,,. Û äãâÞÒã,,?ÛØ Ñ ÜÛß ã~ÒÒÜãØ äÒÛã ÝêÛ,ÛÑ^ÛÛ, äããÞÚÛØâfl ëÚÒ ÇãÞÒÒ 50 ÞÒê, âê,flê êãê ,ëÞÝÜ , ãÛÜ fl â âßÀßÛ ÝêÛ,ÜÀßÛ ,ëÞÝÜßÛ ßÛ. ùÜÝã ÝêâêãéÛ~ÒâÝãßë ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛ 30 ßê 1956 ,,. äÒ?Òâê,ã,Þã ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝã äÛÑãã, ëäêÛ,ÜãØ ÒflêÒÞÈÜãâêÛ, Ü~,?ÒØâfl 22 ãÝêflÇfl 1955 ,,. áÛÜßÛÝ äãÒß ß,,ßÀ ÜÒäãâÒâê,ÒÜÜã äÒÒ ÝêâêãéÛ~ÒâÝÛß ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛÒß äÒâê,ÞflÒê ÇÒÑëâÞã,ÜÀØ ÛÜêÒÒâ. ôÞ~Ò,ÀßÛ fl,Þflêâfl âÞÒëÛÒ ,ãäãâÀ: 1) ~êã ßã,,Þã âÞëÚÛêÈ ÜÒäãâÒâê,ÒÜÜãØ äÛ~ÛÜãØ ÝêâêãéÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl, 2) ÒâêÈ ÞÛ äflßfl â,flÑÈ ßÒÚë ëäêÛ,ÜÀßÛ âãÇÀêÛflßÛ 1955- 1956 ,,,,. Ü ,ëÞÝÜÒ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ, ÛÞÛ êã ãêÒÞÈÜÀÒ äÛÑãÀ Ü éãÜÒ ãÇÒ,,ã ,ãÑãÇÜã,ÞÒÜÛfl ,ëÞÝÜÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÒflêÒÞÈÜãâêÛ? ôÞ~ Ý äãÜÛßÜÛ ÛÜßÛÝÛ äãÒß ß,,ßÀ Òê ÛÑë~ÒÜÛÒ ÜÒÑ,Ò?ÒÜÜÀi ßÛÜÒÞÈÜÀi ÒÝ^ÛØ. × ÜÒÑÛêi ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ âäãâêÜÒÜÀ ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀÒ ãä^Ûêã,ÀÒ ÝØßÀ ,ãÝë,, ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ. ùä^Ûêã,ÀÒ ÝØßÀ - ÜÒäãÑ~ÜÀÒ , äãiãflÒß â,ÒêÒ ÝØßÀ ,ãÝë,, êÒßÜã^,ÒêÜÀi ßÛÜÒÞã, , ééëÑÛ,ÜÀi ,,ãÜÀi
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äããi, äÒâê,ÞflÛÒ âãÇãØ äãëÝêÀ ÒÝ^ÛÛ êÛi ßÛÜÒÞã, â ãÝëÚÛß Ûi âäÞ,ãß. ÷ÒäãÑ~ÜãâêÈ ãä^Ûêã,Ài ÝØß ãÇëâÞã,ÞÒÜ ÑÜ~ÛêÒÞÈÜÀß âãÒÚÜÛÒß , ÜÛi ëÜÀi ßÛÜÒÞã, (êÛêÜãß,,ÜÒêÛê ÛÞÛ ß,,ÜÒêÛê Û ÛÞÈßÒÜÛê). ýÒßÛÜ "ãä^Ûê" (opacite) ,äÒ,ÀÒ ëäãêÒÇÛÞ ÙÒßÜ þã,,ÒÞÈÑÜ,, (Vogelsang, 1867) Þfl ãÇãÑÜ~ÒÜÛfl ÜÒÛÒÜêÛéÛ^ÛëÒßã,,ã ßÛÜÒÞ, ,âêÒ~ÒÜÜã,,ã Ûß , ,ÛÒ "~ÒÜÀi ÜÒäãÑ~ÜÀi Ýãßã~Ýã,". þ.?. óÒ,ÛÜâãÜ-óÒââÛÜ,, (óÒ,ÛÜâãÜ-óÒââÛÜ,,, 1933) äÛ,ãÛê éãêã,,éÛÛ ãä^Ûêã,Ài ÝØß ,ãÝë,, ÑÒÒÜ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ , ÜÒÑÛêi åÒÜêÞÈÜã,,ã ô,ÝÑ Û ââÀÞÒêâfl Ü ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÀ (Kozu, Yoshiki, 1927), ÝãêãÀÒ äãÝÑÞÛ ,ãÑßãÚÜãâêÈ ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ äÛ Ü,,Ò,Ò. øÛ~ÛÜÀ Û ßÒiÜÛÑßÀ ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ãä^Ûêã,Ài ÝØß ã âÛi äã ÜÒflâÜÀ Û Ü äãêflÚÒÜÛÛ ãÞ,,Ûi ÞÒê ÝêÛ,Üã ãÇâëÚêâfl , ÞÛêÒêëÒ (ÜäÛßÒ, óÒ,ÛÜâãÜ-óÒââÛÜ,,, 1933; óãã~ÜÛÝã,, 1955; Garsia, Jacobson, 1979; Rutherford, Hill, 1993; Rutherford, Devine, 2003; Buckley et al., 2006). ÷ÒâêÇÛÞÈÜãâêÈ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ Û ÒÒ ÑÞãÚÒÜÛÒ ßã,,ëê ÇÀêÈ ,ÀÑ,ÜÀ ßÜã,,ÛßÛ éÝêãßÛ, ÜäÛßÒ Ò,,Ñ^ÛÒØ âäÞ, äÛ ÒÝãßäÒââÛÛ (Kuno, 1950; Garsia, Jacobson, 1979; Rutherford, Devine, 2003; Buckley et al., 2006), ë,ÒÞÛ~ÒÜÛÒß êÒßäÒêëÀ (Rutherford, Devine, 2003), ãÝÛâÞÒÜÛÒß


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úÛâ. 1. ùÇÛØ ,Û ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ , ,,,ëâêÒ 2005 ,,.

âäÞ, (Garsia, Jacobson, 1979; Murphy et al., 2000; Rutherford, Devine, 2003). õÜã,,ÛÒ ÛââÞÒã,êÒÞÛ ãêßÒ~ê ÜÞÛ~ÛÒ , ãÜÛi Û êÒi ÚÒ ãÇÑ^i ÑÞÛ~ÜÀi êÛäã, ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß ,ãÝë,, ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ Üflë â ÇâãÞêÜã â,ÒÚÛßÛ ã,,ã,ÀßÛ ãÇßÜÝßÛ, ~êã, ,ãÑßãÚÜã, ëÝÑÀ,Òê Ü ãÜã,ÒßÒÜÜãÒ ÒØâê,ÛÒ ÑÞÛ~ÜÀi éÝêãã,, äÛ,ãflÛi Ý ÜÒâêÇÛÞÈÜãâêÛ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ. õ. ÙâÛfl Û û. áÚÝãÇâãÜ (Garcia, Jacobson, 1979) ,ÀÒÞflê , êÛä ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß: (1) ~ÒÜÀØ êÛä, , Ýãêããß ßéÛÇãÞ äãÞÜãâêÈ ÛÞÛ ~âêÛ~Üã ÑßÒÒêâfl êãÜÝãÑÒÜÛâêÀß ,,Ò,,êãß ãÝâÛã, ÚÒÞÒÑ Û äÛãÝâÒÜ; (2) ,,ÇÇãÛÜÀØ êÛä, , Ýãêããß ßéÛÇãÞ äãÞÜãâêÈ ÛÞÛ ~âêÛ~Üã ÑßÒÒêâfl êãÜÝã- Û âÒÜÒÑÒÜÛâêÀß ,,Ò,,êãß ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ, ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜ, äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ Û ß,,ÜÒêÛê. ?êÛ ,êãÀ ÑÝÞ~ÛÞÛ, ~êã ,,ÇÇãÛÜÀØ êÛä ÝØßÀ ãÇÑëÒêâfl Ñ â~Òê äãÜÛÚÒÜÛfl f H2 O , ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝãß ÒÑÒ,ëÒ, êã,, ÝÝ ~ÒÜÀØ êÛä ÝØßÀ fl,ÞflÒêâfl ÒÑëÞÈêêãß ãÝÛâÞÒÜÛfl ,ã ,Òßfl ÝâêëÑÛÛ. õ. õÒéÛ â âã,êãßÛ (Murphy et al., 2000) ,ÀÒÞflê êÛ êÛä ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß ,ãÝë,, ßéÛÇãÞã, , äãëÝêi ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl ,ëÞÝÜ ûëÛéÛÒÒ ÿÛÞÞâ: (1) êãÜÝãÑÒÜÛâêÀÒ (5-30 ßÝß) ,,Ò,,êÀ ,ÑÛßãäããâ?Ûi ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜ, ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ, äÛÚãÜÛê, äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ Û Ti-ß,,ÜÒêÛê, ,âêÒ~ÛÒâfl , ,ÛÒ ÝØß, êÝÚÒ ,ãÞÈ âäØÜãâêÛ ÝÛâêÞÞã,; (2) ÇãÞÒÒ ,,ëÇãÑÒÜÛâêÀÒ ââêÜÛfl (30-200 ßÝß) êÒi ÚÒ éÑ, ~êã Û , êÛäÒ 1; (3) ÜÒäãÑ~ÜÀÒ ÑßÒÒÜÛfl (âãÇâê,ÒÜÜã "ãä^Ûê"), ,âêÒ~ÛÒâfl ÝÝ , ÝØßi, êÝ Û ,ãÞÈ âäØÜãâêÛ ßÜã,,Ûi ÝÛâêÞÞã,. ùä^Ûêã,ÀØ ,,Ò,,ê, äã ßÜÒÜÛ êÛi ,êãã,, âãâêãÛê ÛÑ ã~ÒÜÈ êãÜÝãÑÒÜÛâêÀi äãâêÜÛØ (1-10 ßÝß) êÒi ÚÒ éÑ, ~êã , êÛäÒ 1 Û 2, Üã Ti-ß,,ÜÒêÛê äÒãÇÞÒê Ü ë,,Û-

ßÛ êÒßÜã^,ÒêÜÀßÛ ßÛÜÒÞßÛ. õ. õÒéÛ â âã,êãßÛ (Murphy et al., 2000) â~Ûêê, ~êã êÛä 1 ãÇÑëÒêâfl äÛ Ò,,Ûê^ÛÛ ßéÛÇãÞ ,ã ,Òßfl äãÒß ß,,ßÀ, êÛä 2 ãêÚÒê ãÞ,,ë ÛâêãÛ äÒÒÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ, êÛä 3 âããê,Òêâê,ëÒê äãâÞÒÜÒØ âêÛÛ ãÝÛâÞÒÜÛfl ,ÜëêÛ ÝâêëÑÛ,Üã,,ã ÝëäãÞ. õ. úëÑÒéã Û áÚ. áÒ,ØÜ (Rutherford, Devine, 2003) ãêßÒ~ê, ~êã , ãÜãØ Û êãØ ÚÒ äããÒ ßã,,ëê ÜÇÞêÈâfl ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝã äãäëÞfl^ÛØ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ â ÑÞÛ~ÜÀßÛ êÛäßÛ ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß. × äãëÝêi ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛØ ,ëÞÝÜ ûëÛéÛÒÒ ÿÛÞÞâ êÛ ,êãÀ ,ÀÒÞflê (1) êãÜÝÛÒ (1-20 ßÝß) ÝØßÀ, ãÇÑã,,?ÛÒâfl Ñ â~Òê ÒÝãßäÒââÛÛ äÛ äãÒßÒ ß,,ßÀ; (2) ßãÜÀÒ (200-500 ßÝß) ÝëäÜãÑÒÜÛâêÀÒ äÒÛßëÒâê,ÒÜÜã ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜã,ÀÒ ÝØßÀ, ãÇÑã,,?ÛÒâfl Ñ â~Òê êÒßÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl; (3) ,,Ò,,êÀ ëÜÀi ßÛÜÒÞã, ,ãÞÈ âäØÜãâêÛ Û êÒÛÜ, ÝãêãÀÒ ãÇÑëêâfl Ñ â~Òê ãÝÛâÞÒÜÛfl (Rutherford, Devine, 2003). õ. úëÑÒéã â âã,êãßÛ , âÒÛÛ ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÞÈÜÀi Çãê äãÝÑÞ ,ãÑßãÚÜãâêÈ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÛfl ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß Þfl ãäÒÒÞÒÜÛfl ,ÒßÒÜÛ äãêÒÝÜÛfl ÒÝ^ÛÛ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ â ãÝëÚÛß âäÞ,ãß (Rutherford, Hill, 1993) ÛÞÛ ã^ÒÜÝÛ âÝããâêÒØ äãÒß ß,,ß (ÜäÛßÒ, Rutherford, Devine, 2003). úÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀÒ ÝØßÀ ãÇÑëêâfl Ñ â~Òê ÒÝ^ÛÛ â âäÞ,ãß (Rutherford, Hill, 1993) Û ÝãÜêãÞÛëêâfl ÛééëÑÛãÜÜÀßÛ äã^ÒââßÛ (Coombs, Gardner, 2004). õÜã,,ÛÒ ÛââÞÒã,êÒÞÛ (Rutherford, Hill, 1993; Rutherford, Devine, 2003; Buckley et al., 2006) ãêßÒ~ê âëÒâê,ã,ÜÛÒ ",ÒßÒÜÛ äãÝãfl", , êÒ~ÒÜÛÒ Ýãêãã,,ã ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜãØ ÝØßÀ ÜÒ äãÛâiãÛê. × ÜÜãØ âêêÈÒ ââßêÛ,êâfl ,ãäãâÀ, â,flÑÜÜÀÒ â êÛäÛÑ^ÛÒØ ÒÝ^ÛØ ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ãøæýúùóùÙð? êãß 16 < 1 2008


úùÙù×?æ ùÕõÔ÷ôð × Ô÷áæñðýÔÿ

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,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ , äãëÝêi ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,. ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ Û ãÇâëÚêâfl ßÒiÜÛÑßÀ Ûi ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl. ÷ ãâÜã,Ò ÛÑãÇÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêã, äã ÑÞãÚÒÜÛ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ (Rutherford, Hill, 1993; Rutherford, Devine, 2003) Û äÒêã,,éÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÜÇÞÒÜÛØ ßÀ ââßêÛ,Òß äã^Òââ ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ÝØß Ñ â~Òê ÇÛßÒêâãßêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÒÝ^ÛÛ â âäÞ,ãß Û äÒÞ,,Òß ë,ÜÒÜÛÒ Þfl ã^ÒÜÝÛ ,ÒßÒÜÛ äãêÒÝÜÛfl ÒÝ^ÛØ. øãÞë~ÒÜÜÀÒ ã^ÒÜÝÛ êÒßäÒêë, ,ÞÒÜÛØ Û ,ÒßÒÜÛ ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß äãÑ,ãÞflê äãÜflêÈ äã^ÒââÀ, äãêÒÝ,?ÛÒ , ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝãß ã~,,Ò ÜÒäãâÒâê,ÒÜÜã äÒÒ ÝêâêãéÛ~ÒâÝÛß ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛÒß 30 ßê 1956 ,,. õÒêãÛÝ ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛfl ×âÒ ÜÞÛÑÀ ßÛÜÒÞã, Û âêÒÝãÞ ,ÀäãÞÜÒÜÀ â äãßãÈ ßÛÝãÑãÜ Cameca SX100 (Hobart Uni, Australia) äÛ ëâÝãflÒß ÜäflÚÒÜÛÛ 15 Ý× Û êãÝÒ 20 ÜÔ. áÛßÒê äë~Ý 5 ßÝß. þãêã,,éÛÛ ÇÀÞÛ ,ÀäãÞÜÒÜÀ Ü ÞÒÝêãÜÜãß ßÛÝãâÝãäÒ Camscan-4DV (ÝéÒ äÒêãÞã,,ÛÛ õÙü) , ÒÚÛßÒ ãêÚÒÜÜÀi ÞÒÝêãÜã, äÛ ëâÝãflÒß ÜäflÚÒÜÛÛ 20 Ý×. õãÜãâêÛ ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ ÛÑßÒflÞÛ , ?ÞÛéi Ü âÒ~ÒÜÛfli ÑÒÒÜ, ãÛÒÜêÛã,Ýë ÝãêãÀi ãäÒÒÞflÞÛ äÛ äãßãÛ ëÜÛ,ÒâÞÈÜã,,ã êÒããÞÛêÜã,,ã âêãÞÛÝ þÒãã,. áÞfl ÝÚã,,ã ÑÒÜ ÇÀÞÛ ãäÒÒÞÒÜÀ âéÒÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ ÝããÛÜêÀ, ÝÝ ßÛÜÛßëß, ,ëi ,Àiãã, ãâÒØ ÛÜÛÝêÛâÀ. ýÒêÈ ãâÈ ÛÜÛÝêÛâÀ ãâêÛ,ÞÛ ÝÝ äÒäÒÜÛÝëÞfl Ý äÒ,Àß ,ëß. ùâÛ ÛÜÛÝêÛâÀ ãäÒÒÞflÞÛ â äãßãÈ ÝãßäÒÜâêã. áÞÒÒ ââ~ÛêÀ,ÞÛ ãÛÒÜêÛã,Ýë äÞãâÝãâêÛ ÜÜã,,ã ÑÒÑ ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã ãâÒØ Np Û Nm (Ûâ. 2), ÝãêãÀÒ Þfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ âã,äê â ÝÛâêÞÞã,,éÛ~ÒâÝÛßÛ ãâflßÛ X Û Y âããê,Òêâê,ÒÜÜã (ýÒ,,Ò, 1958). áÞfl ÝÚã,,ã ÑÒÑ ãäÒÒÞflÞÛ hkl-ÝããÛÜêÀ Û, â äãßãÈ äã,,ßßÀ Shape, ëã,ÜÛ âÒÑ ÝÚã,,ã ÑÒÜ Û ,,ÜÛ ÑÒÑ. áÞfl ÝÚãØ ,,ÜÛ ÝÚã,,ã ÑÒÑ ,ÀäãÞÜflÞÛ 8-10 ÑßÒã, ,ÛÛßÀi ßãÜãâêÒØ ÝØß Ü ÑÞÛ~ÜÀi ë~âêÝi ,,ÜÛ. ðÑßÒÒÜÛfl äãÛÑ,ãÛÞÛ Ü ÛÑãÇÚÒÜÛfli , ãêÚÒÜÜÀi ÞÒÝêãÜi, êÝ ÝÝ äÛ êãß ,ÛÜÀ êãÞÈÝã êÒ éÑÀ, ÝãêãÀÒ Üiãflêâfl Ü äã,ÒiÜãâêÛ ãÇÑ^. × êÇÞ. 1 äÛ,ÒÒÜÀ ÛâêÛÜÜÀÒ ßãÜãâêÛ ÝØß äã ÝÚãØ âÒÛÛ ÛÑßÒÒÜÛØ. ðâêÛÜÜë ßãÜãâêÈ ÝØß ââ~ÛêÀ,ÞÛ ÝÝ äãÒÝ^Û Ü äÒäÒÜÛÝëÞfl Ý ÜÜãØ ,,ÜÛ. ñßÒÀ Ü ,,ÜÛ (001) äãÛÑ,ãÛÞÛ Ü ßÝâÛßÞÈÜã ëÞÛÜÒÜÜÀi ÑÒÜi, ãâêÞÈÜÀÒ ÑßÒÀ ,ÀäãÞÜflÞÛ Ü ?ÒâêÛë,,ãÞÈÜÀi âÒ~ÒÜÛfli ÑÞÛ~ÜãØ ãÛÒÜêÛã,ÝÛ. õãÜãâêÈ ÝØß Ü êã^Ò,Ài ,,Üfli (001) ,À?Ò, ~Òß Ü ,âÒi ãâêÞÈÜÀi. ùÜÝã, ÝÝ ,ÛÜã ÛÑ êÇÞ. 1, ÑÜÛ^ ÞÒÚÛê , äÒÒÞi êã~ÜãâêÛ ÛÑßÒÒÜÛØ.
øæýúùóùÙð? êãß 16 < 1 2008

ýÇÞÛ^ 1. ñßÒÀ ßãÜãâêÒØ ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß Ü âÒ~ÒÜÛfli ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ â ãäÒÒÞÒÜÜãØ ãÛÒÜêÛã,ÝãØ ÷ãßÒ ÑÒÜ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 ûÒÜÒÒ ûêÜ. ãêÝÞ. , ,, 5 90 49 90 26 90 12 90 35 74 31 85 20 90 25 90 38 90 44 76 25 81 ûÒÜÒÒ (010), (110), ( 1 10), (001), äã ÑÒßÝß ßÝß ßÝß ßÝß Üë, ßÝß 20.90 18.85 29.05 17.06 19.86 29.02 24.26 26.60 24.00 25.24 22.77 24.00 23.13 22.65 20.07 18.61 18.46 23.51 33.31 30.00 26.14 32.00 22.41 23.04 32.87 31.85 30.23 24.00 26.91 19.65 23.37 21.97 24.00 24.00 31.51 37.16 22.85 24.00 23.73 20.48 23.20 30.00 22.43 25.36 20.51 24.00 29.12 27.26 25.17 22.71 29.66 24.37 25.12 23.80 26.44 4.75 4.42 4.45 4.09 19.58 23.83 18.58 26.27 27.93 27.00 24.44 28.00 22.67 23.04 31.16 25.46 21.96 24.00 29.83 24.00 21.86 30.00 22.65 26.56 24.32 29.66 25.13 3.40

øÛßÒ~ÜÛÒ. ÷ãßÒ ÑÒÒÜ âããê,Òêâê,ëê ÜãßÒß Ü Ûâ. 2. - ,ë,,ÜÜÀØ ë,,ãÞ ßÒÚë ÜÜÀß âÒ~ÒÜÛÒß Û äÞãâÝãâêÈ (001). × ÝÚãØ ÝãÞãÜÝÒ â,ÒÒÜÀ ÑßÒÀ äã ,ëß ,,Üflß (â äflßÀß Û ãÇêÜÀß ÛÜÒÝâãß). × äãâÞÒÜÒØ ÝãÞãÜÝÒ äÛ,ÒÒÜÀ ëâÒÜÒÜÜÀÒ ÑÜ~ÒÜÛfl ßãÜãâêÒØ Þfl ÝÚã,,ã ÑÒÜ.

áÞfl ãäÒÒÞÒÜÛfl ßÛÜÒÞÈÜã,,ã âãâê, ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß ,ÀÇÛÞÛ ë~âêãÝ ÝØßÀ, äÒâê,ÞÒÜÜÀØ ,ëßfl âêëÝêëÜÀßÛ êÛäßÛ: ,,ÜëÞflÜÀß Û âÛßäÞÒÝêÛêã,Àß. × ÝÚãß ÑÒÜÒ ÇÀÞã äãÒÞÜã , ,Û ÛÑßÒÒÜÛØ: âÜ~Þ ãäÒÒÞflÞâfl ßÛÜÒÞÈÜÀØ âãâê, ,âÒØ ÝØßÀ, ÑêÒß âãâê, êãÞÈÝã ,,ÜëÞflÜãØ ~âêÛ ÝØßÀ â ë~Òêãß äëâêãê. þÑÀ ,ÀÒÞflÞÛ äã ÝãÜêâêë Ü ÛÑãÇÚÒÜÛfli , ãêÚÒÜÜÀi ÞÒÝêãÜi, äÒÒ,ãÛÞÛ , ~ÒêÀÒi^,ÒêÜÀÒ ÛÑãÇÚÒÜÛfl, ,,Ò ÝÚÀØ ^,Òê âããê,Òêâê,ã,Þ ãäÒÒÞÒÜÜãØ éÑÒ, Û Ûi äã^ÒÜê-


24

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úÛâ. 2. øÞãâÝãâêÛ ÑÒÑã, ÑÒÒÜ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ , âéÒÛ~ÒâÝãØ äãÒÝ^ÛÛ (âÒêÝ ×ëÞÈé). ýã~ÝßÛ äãÝÑÜÀ äÒäÒÜÛÝëÞflÀ Ý ÛÑë~ÒÜÜÀß ÑÒÑß â âããê,Òêâê,ëÛßÛ ÜãßÒßÛ.

ÜãÒ ãêÜã?ÒÜÛÒ ãäÒÒÞflÞÛ äãâ~Òêãß äÛÝâÒÞÒØ ÛÑãÇÚÒÜÛfl, âããê,Òêâê,ëÛi ÝÚãØ éÑÒ. ðÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛÒ ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ 1955-1956 ,,,,. þãßÛã,ÜÛÒ ,ëÞÝÜ, Ü~,?ÒÒâfl , äãÑÜÒß äÞÒØâêã^ÒÜÒ, äãiãÛÞã , ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝã êäã,: 11 000-7800 ÞÒê ÜÑ, 5500-3300 ÞÒê ÜÑ, 2400- 1700 ÞÒê ÜÑ, 1350-1000 ÞÒê ÜÑ (ë,,ÞÒãÜÀØ ßÒêã êÛã,ÜÛfl; ÕØê^Ò, Û ., 1990). ðÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛÒ 1955-1956 ,,,,. Ü~ÞãâÈ ÜÒãÚÛÜÜã, äãâÞÒ êÀâfl~ÒÞÒêÜÒ,,ã äÒÒÀ, , ëäêÛ,ÜãØ ÒflêÒÞÈÜãâêÛ. ×ëÞÝÜÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ âãÇÀêÛfl Ü~ÞÛâÈ Ñ äãÞ,,ã ã ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,. Û äãÛâiãÛÞÛ , âÞÒëÒØ äãâÞÒã,êÒÞÈÜãâêÛ (Ùã?Ýã,, Õã,,ãfl,ÞÒÜâÝfl, 1965): - 29 âÒÜêflÇfl 1955 ,,. ÇÀÞã ãêßÒ~ÒÜã äÒ,ãÒ âÒØâßÛ~ÒâÝãÒ âãÇÀêÛÒ, ÝãÞÛ~Òâê,ã êãÞ~Ýã, Û Ûi

ßãÜãâêÈ äãâêÒäÒÜÜã ÜâêÞÛ. øÒ,ãÜ~ÞÈÜfl ,,ÞëÇÛÜ ,,Ûäã^ÒÜêã, ÇÀÞ ãäÒÒÞÒÜ , 50 Ýß, äÛ^ÒÜêÀ ÞãÚÛÞÛâÈ , ØãÜ ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ. - 22 ãÝêflÇfl 1955 ,,. , 6 ~âã, ëê Ü éãÜÒ ÜÒäÒÝÛiâfl êãÞ~Ýã, Ü~ÞÛâÈ äÒäÞã,ÀÒ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl ,ëÞÝÜÛÜâÝã,,ã êÛä. ÕÀÞÛ ãêßÒ~ÒÜÀ äÒäÞãäÀ , ,,. ôÞ~Û Û , äãâ. üâêÈ-ôß~êâÝ, âÛÞ ÝãêãÀi äãâêÒäÒÜÜã ÜâêÞ Û ãâêÛ,,Þ ßÝâÛßëß 16-17 ÜãflÇfl. ô 21 ÜãflÇfl âÛÞ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛØ ëßÒÜÈ?ÛÞâÈ. ñ ßÒâfl^ , ôÞ~i ,ÀäÞã 22 ßß äÒäÞ (ãÝãÞã 15 Ý,,/ß2). - û ÝãÜ^ ÜãflÇfl 1955 ,,. ã ßê 1956 ,,. ãêßÒ~ÞÛâÈ ãêÒÞÈÜÀÒ ÜÒÇãÞÈ?ÛÒ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl, ÜÒ âãäã,ãÚ,?ÛÒâfl äÒäÞãäßÛ. - Ùã?Ýã, Û Õã,,ãfl,ÞÒÜâÝfl (1956) äÒäãÞãÚÛÞÛ ãâê Þ,ã,ã,,ã ÝëäãÞ , éÒ,ÞÒ-ßêÒ 1956 ,,. ùâÜã,ÜÛÒß Þfl êã,,ã äãâÞëÚÛÞã êã, ~êã ,ã ,Òßfl âßãÞÒêÜã,,ã ãÇÞÒê 25 flÜ,fl 1956 ,,. ÇÀÞÛ ãêøæýúùóùÙð? êãß 16 < 1 2008


úùÙù×?æ ùÕõÔ÷ôð × Ô÷áæñðýÔÿ

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ßÒ~ÒÜÀ 2-3 ÇÞãÝ Þ,À, ,ÀâêëäÛÒ âÒÛ äÛãÝÞâêÛÝÛ. - 28 ßê 1956 ,,., äãâÞÒ ,ëißÒâfl~Üã,,ã äÒÒÀ,, , ,,. ôÞ~Û ÜÇÞÞâfl ã~ÒÜÈ âÞÇÀØ äÒäÞãä, 30 ßê 1956 ,,. äãÛÑã?Þã ÝêâêãéÛ~ÒâÝãÒ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛÒ ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, ÒflêÒÞÈÜãâêÈ ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ äÒÒ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛÒß 30 ßê 1956 ,,. ÑÒÞflÒêâfl Ü , äÛÑã: äÒ,ÀØ äãÛâiãÛÞ â 22 ãÝêflÇfl äã 20 ÜãflÇfl 1955 ,,., ,êããØ Ü~Þâfl 28 ßê 1956 ,,., ê.Ò. ,âÒ,,ã Ñ êÛ Üfl ã ÝêâêãéÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl. 30 ßê 1956 ,,. Ü ,ëÞÝÜÒ äãÛÑã?ÒÞ Üä,ÞÒÜÜÀØ ,ÑÀ,, ëÜÛ~êãÚÛ,?ÛØ ,Ò?ÛÜë ,ëÞÝÜ Û Ò,,ã ,ãâêã~ÜÀØ âÝÞãÜ (Ùã?Ýã,, Õã,,ãfl,ÞÒÜâÝfl, 1965). ûÛÞãØ ,ÑÀ, Ü ââêãflÜÛÛ ã 25 Ýß ÇÀÞÛ âÞãßÜÀ, äã,ÞÒÜÀ Û ßÒâêßÛ ãÇãÚÚÒÜÀ ÝëäÜÀÒ ÒÒ,Èfl. ûßÀÒ ßãÜÀÒ ãêÞãÚÒÜÛfl ,ÑÀ, ÜiãÛÞÛâÈ , äÒÒÞi ëÑÝã,,ã âÒÝêã äãÜãÚÛfl ,ëÞÝÜ (60 Ýß2). ÷ ãâêÞÈÜãØ äÞãÛ (500 Ýß2) ßãÜãâêÈ äÛãÝÞâêÛ~ÒâÝÛi ãêÞãÚÒÜÛØ âãâê,ÞflÞ ãê 1 ß (,ÇÞÛÑÛ ,ëÞÝÜ) ã 1 âß. øã ãÞÛÜÒ . ûëifl ÿäÛ^ äãêãÝ äã?ÒÞ Ü ââêãflÜÛÒ 18 Ýß. ?ëäêÛ,ÜãÒ ãÇÞÝã ÛßÒêãß 50 Ýß äãÜflÞãâÈ Ü ,Àâãêë 35-40 Ýß. ùÇÒß ,ÒÜÛÞÈÜã,,ã ßêÒÛÞ äÒ,ÀâÛÞ 1 Ýß3, ãÇÛØ ãÇÒß äÒÒßÒÒÜÜã,,ã ßêÒÛÞ âãâê,ÛÞ 2.6-2.8 Ýß3 (Õã,,ãfl,ÞÒÜâÝfl Û ., 1985). ûÑë äãâÞÒ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,. , ãÇÑã,,?ÒØâfl ÝêÒÜãØ ,ããÜÝÒ Ü~Þ âêÛ Üã,ÀØ ÝâêëÑÛ,ÜÀØ ÝëäãÞ. ùÇÑ^À Þfl ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛfl ðÑ äÛãÝÞâêÛ~ÒâÝÛi ãêÞãÚÒÜÛØ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,. Þfl ÞÈÜÒØ?Ò,,ã ÜÞÛÑ ÇÀÞÛ ãêãÇÜÀ ,Ò ÝëäÜÀÒ ,ëÞÝÜÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ ÇãßÇÀ (Ûâ. 3). ÿÝêÒÜfl êÒÛÜã,êãâêÈ â,ÛÒêÒÞÈâê,ëÒê ã êãß, ~êã ÇãßÇÀ ,ã ,Òßfl ãêÞãÚÒÜÛfl ÇÀÞÛ ÒÒ ,,ãfl~ÛßÛ Û âêÒâÝÞÛâÈ äÛ ëÒ ÛÞÛ âÑë äãâÞÒ ÜÒ,,ã , ÒÑëÞÈêêÒ ÇÀâêã,,ã ãâêÀ,ÜÛfl Ü ,ãÑëiÒ. ôãßÒ êã,,ã, ÇãßÇÀ ÛßÒÞÛ ã,ãÞÈÜã ÜÛÑÝë äãÛâêãâêÈ (ãÝãÞã 40%). ÷ ãâÜã,ÜÛÛ êÛi iÝêÒÛâêÛÝ ßãÚÜã äÒäãÞãÚÛêÈ, ~êã ÜÜÀÒ ÇãßÇÀ äÒâê,Þflê âãÇãØ ãÇÞãßÝÛ ÝÛäêãÝëäãÞ, ,ÜÒÛ,?Ò,,ãâfl , äãâêãØÝë ,ëÞÝÜ ÜÒäãâÒâê,ÒÜÜã äÒÒ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛÒß 1956 ,,. Û ÒéãßÛã,,?Ò,,ã ,,ã-,ãâêã~ÜÀØ âÝÞãÜ ,ëÞÝÜ (Ùã?Ýã,, Õã,,ãfl,ÞÒÜâÝfl, 1965). × êÛi ãÇÑ^i ßÀ ÛââÞÒã,ÞÛ âêëÝêëÜÀÒ Û ßãéãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝÛÒ ãâãÇÒÜÜãâêÛ ãä^Ûêã,Ài ÝØß ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ, ãäÒÒÞÛÞÛ ßÛÜÒÞÈÜÀØ âãâê, ÝØß Û ëâÞã,Ûfl Ûi éãßÛã,ÜÛfl.
øæýúùóùÙð? êãß 16 < 1 2008

10 âß
úÛâ. 3. ×ëÞÝÜÛ~ÒâÝfl ÇãßÇ âã âêëÝêëãØ "iÞÒÇÜãØ ÝãÝÛ" , äÛãÝÞâêÛ~ÒâÝÛi ãêÞãÚÒÜÛfli ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,.

øÒêã,,éÛfl Û ßÛÜÒÞã,,Ûfl äãëÝêã, ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,. øãëÝêÀ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,. äÒâê,ÞÒÜÀ ã,,ã,ããÇßÜÝã,ÀßÛ ÜÒÑÛêßÛ â äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑãß, ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜãß, ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝãØ Û êÛêÜãß,,ÜÒêÛêãß ,ã ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝi Û äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑãß, ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜãß, êÛêÜãß,,ÜÒêÛêãß Û ÜÒÇãÞÈ?Ûß ÝãÞÛ~Òâê,ãß âêÒÝÞ , ãâÜã,ÜãØ ßââÒ. øÒêã,,éÛfl Û äÒêãiÛßÛfl äãëÝêã, ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl êêÒÞÈÜã ãäÛâÜÀ Ù.û. Ùã?Ýã,Àß Û Ù.æ. Õã,,ãfl,ÞÒÜâÝãØ (Ùã?Ýã,, Õã,,ãfl,ÞÒÜâÝfl, 1965). õÝãâÝãäÛ~ÒâÝÛ äããÀ â,ÒêÞã-âÒã,,ã ^,Òê â iãã?ã ÑßÒêÜÀßÛ ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝßÛ â,ÒêÞã,,ã äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ Û êÒßÜãØ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ. ûêëÝêë äãéÛã,fl (20-25% ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝã,). øÒãÇÞê ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝÛ äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ (60- 65%) Û ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ (25-30%). ×ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝÛ ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ ,âêÒ~êâfl ÑÜ~ÛêÒÞÈÜã ÒÚÒ, äÛ~Òß Ûi ÑÜ~ÛêÒÞÈÜfl ~âêÈ ãÇÑëÒê ,,ÞãßÒãäãéÛã,ÀÒ âãâêÝÛ â äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑãß. ùêßÒ~ÒÜÀ ãêÒÞÈÜÀÒ éÒÜãÝÛâêÀ êÛêÜãß,,ÜÒêÛê. ?,ÒÜÛÞÈÜÀØ ßêÒÛÞ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,. ,ÀÒÚÜ äã iÛßÛ~ÒâÝãßë âãâê,ë (êÇÞ. 2; Ùã?Ýã,, Õã,,ãfl,ÞÒÜâÝfl, 1965) Û ãê,Ò~Òê ÜÒÑÛêß ÛÑ,ÒâêÝã,ã-ÒÞã~ÜãØ âÒÛÛ äã (Gill, 1981). ûÒÜÛÒ âãâê,À ßÛÜÒÞã, Û âêÒÝãÞ äÒâê,ÞÒÜÀ , êÇÞ. 2. øÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑÀ ,ã ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝi ÛßÒê âÞÇãÑãÜÞÈÜÀÒ fl (An50-55) Û ~ÒêÝã ,ÀÚÒÜÜë ,ë~ÞÒÜÜë ÑãÜÞÈÜãâêÈ Ü Ýfli ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝã,, äÒâê,ÞÒÜÜë ÑãÜãØ ÒÑãÇ^ÛÛ, , ÝãêããØ ãêßÒ~Òêâfl ÇãÞÈ?ãÒ ÝãÞÛ~Òâê,ã êëÜÜÒÞÈÜÀi âäÞ,ÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ Û âãâê, äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ ãâêÛ,,Òê An64-68, Û ,ÜÒ?ÜÒØ ÝØßãØ "~Ûâêã,,ã" äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ ?ÛÛÜãØ 10-30 ßÝß, ãÝëÚÒØ ÑãÜë ÒÑãÇ^ÛÛ, â ÜãßÞÈÜãØ ÑãÜÞÈÜãâêÈ ãê An62-64 ã An54-55. ÔÜÞã,,Û~ÜãÒ âêãÒÜÛÒ ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝã, äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ ãäÛâÜã Þfl ßÜã,,Ûi ãâêã-


26

øÞÒ~ã, Û .

ýÇÞÛ^ 2. ûãâê, (ßâ. %) äãã Û ßÛÜÒÞÈÜÀi éÑ , äãëÝêi ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,. øããÀ Û ßÛÜÒÞÀ øããÀ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 1956 ,,. (5) CêÜ. ãêÝÞ. øÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ (72) CêÜ. ãêÝÞ. õ,,ÜÒêÛê (12) CêÜ. ãêÝÞ. ùêãäÛãÝâÒÜ (19) CêÜ. ãêÝÞ. úã,,ã,fl ãÇßÜÝ (43) CêÜ. ãêÝÞ. øÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ (4) CêÜ. ãêÝÞ. õ,,ÜÒêÛê (5) CêÜ. ãêÝÞ. ùêãäÛãÝâÒÜ (5) CêÜ. ãêÝÞ. ûêÒÝÞã (2) CêÜ. ãêÝÞ. ôÛâêãÇÞÛê (2)* CêÜ. ãêÝÞ. × äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑÒ** ßÛÜ*** ßÝâ**** ûÒÜÒÒ (8) ûêÜ. ãêÝÞ. ûÒÜÒÒ (8) ûêÜ. ãêÝÞ. SiO2 60.06 0.87 52.21 1.48 0.07 0.03 52.28 0.40 42.56 1.06 52.41 0.57 0.18 0.03 52.26 0.45 76.70 0.01 96.25 0.51 TiO2 0.76 0.12 0.03 0.02 7.52 0.14 0.14 0.02 1.89 0.34 0.00 - 7.03 1.21 0.14 0.02 0.37 0.03 0.18 0.01 Al2O3 17.55 FeO 6.20 MnO 0.15 MgO 3.19 CaO 6.82 0.41 11.53 0.94 0.00 - 0.85 0.08 10.76 0.82 11.72 0.30 0.11 0.04 1.50 0.15 0.33 0.01 0.04 0.02 Na2O 3.53 0.37 5.22 0.71 0.00 - 0.00 - 1.90 0.24 4.47 0.14 0.00 - 0.00 - 2.43 0.02 0.57 0.08 K2O 1.39 0.14 0.19 0.12 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.40 0.07 0.31 0.09 0.00 - 0.00 - 5.19 0.13 0.03 0.01 P2O5 - - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 97.70 91.25 98.86 95.53 ûëßß 99.65

0.63 0.39 0.03 0.53 þÒÜãÝÛâêÞÞÀ 28.13 0.36 0.00 0.03 1.00 0.08 - 0.02 1.91 79.95 0.59 1.19 0.05 1.09 0.03 0.04 0.73 20.70 1.14 23.02 0.31 0.44 0.11 0.40 11.05 13.49 0.29 13.16 1.52 1.19 0.08 0.65 ùâÜã,Üfl ßââ 28.68 0.60 0.02 0.05 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.01 1.61 81.09 0.53 1.12 0.50 0.99 0.05 0.10 1.44 19.02 1.12 22.57 0.31 1.20 0.04 1.12 11.37 1.41 0.04 0.09 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.01 1.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.03 - - úâäÞ,ÜÀÒ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl 17.76 11.54 16.03 2.99 4.91 0.08 2.08 0.03 2.12 0.06 1.25 0.05 × ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜÒ 12.64 2.16 0.05 1.01 0.52 0.04 1.73 0.52 0.91 0.77 0.57 0.73

98.29 91.67 98.05 97.98 98.21

56.3 73.9 67.41 5.56 74.30 2.05

0.58 0.44 0.39 0.11 0.25 0.19

6.45 1.69 3.59 1.81 1.67 1.65

4.56 2.89 3.97 0.99 3.13 1.80

4.9 2.99 4.17 1.35 3.47 1.37

0.28 0.06 0.12 0.08 0.39 0.56

97.78 96.26 98.87

98.09

øÛßÒ~ÜÛÒ. × âÝãÇÝi äÛ,ÒÒÜã ~ÛâÞã ÜÞÛÑã,. ûãâê,À äãã ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,. ,ÑflêÀ ÛÑ (õÞÀ?Ò,, 2000). CëßßÀ ÜÞÛÑã, , (õÞÀ?Ò,, 2000) äÛ,ÒÒÜÀ Ý 100%. ûëßß, ãêÞÛ~Üfl ãê 100%, äãÞë~ÛÞâÈ ÛÑ-Ñ äÛ,ÒÒÜÛfl ÚÒÞÒÑ Ý Fe2+. * áÜÜë éÑë ÜÑ,ÞÛ ÝÛâêãÇÞÛêãß, âÞÒëfl ãäÛâÜÛ (Ùã?Ýã,, Õã,,ãfl,ÞÒÜâÝfl, 1965). úÒÜê,,ÒÜãâêëÝêëÜÀÒ ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛfl ÜÒ äã,ãÛÞÛ. ** ðâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÀ ÜÜÀÒ (ýãÞâêÀi Û ., 1999). *** úâäÞ,ÜÀÒ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl â ßÛÜÛßÞÈÜÀß âãÒÚÜÛÒß SiO2. **** úâäÞ,ÜÀÒ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl â ßÝâÛßÞÈÜÀß âãÒÚÜÛÒß SiO2.

,ãëÚÜÀi ,ëÞÝÜã, Û ÛÜêÒäÒêÛëÒêâfl ÝÝ â,ÛÒêÒÞÈâê,ã ,ÜÒÒÜÛfl , ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝÛØ ã~,, ÇãÞÒÒ ,,ãfl~ÒØ, Çã,,êãØ CaO ß,,ßÀ (ÜäÛßÒ, Tepley et al., 1999). ×ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝÛ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ äÞÒãiãÛëê , ÇëÀi êãÜi Û ÛßÒê ÛÒÞÈÜë éãßë (Ûâ. 4). ×âÒ ÇÒÑ ÛâÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl ÝÛâêÞÞÀ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ ãÝëÚÒÜÀ ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀßÛ ÝØßßÛ äÛ-

ßÒÜã ãÛÜÝã,ãØ ßãÜãâêÛ (25-30 ßÝß). øÒâê,ÛêÒÞÈÜÀÒ ÜÞÛÑÀ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ ÛÑ ÛÑë~ÒÜÜÀi ãÇÑ^ã, äÛ,ÒÒÜÀ , êÇÞ. 3. ÷Òâßãêfl Ü âëÒâê,ÒÜÜÀÒ ,Û^ÛÛ âãâê,ã,, fl,ÜãØ ÑãÜÞÈÜãâêÛ ,ã ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝi ÜÒ ,Àfl,ÞÒÜã. øã ÝÞââÛéÛÝ^ÛÛ (Leake et al., 1997) ÇãÞÈ?fl ~âêÈ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ äÒâê,ÞÒÜ ß,,ÜÒÑÛã,,âêÛÜ,,âÛêãß, Üã ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝã âãâê,ã, äãäê , äãÞfl
øæýúùóùÙð? êãß 16 < 1 2008


úùÙù×?æ ùÕõÔ÷ôð × Ô÷áæñðýÔÿ

27

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(Ç)

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(,,)

úÛâ. 4. õÛÝãéãêã,,éÛÛ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ , äãiãflÒß â,ÒêÒ: (a) - âãâêãÝ ,ëi ÑÒÒÜ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ â ãä^Ûêã,ÀßÛ ÝØßßÛ, Ü ,,Üfli ââêÜÛfl ÜÇÞêâfl ,ãâêÝÛ ë,,Ûi ßÛÜÒÞã,, Üã ÝØßÀ ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ ãêâëêâê,ëê; (Ç) - ÛÛãßãéÜãÒ ÛÑãßÒêÛ~ÜãÒ ÑÒÜã, ,ÜãßÒÜã ãÝëÚÒÜÜãÒ ãä^Ûêã,ãØ ÝØßãØ; ,ÜëêÛ ÑÒÜ ,ÛÒÜ ÝëäÜãÑÒÜÛâêÀØ ,,Ò,,ê ãÇÒßÜã,,ã ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ (Cpx-OpxPl-Mag); (,) - âÝãäÞÒÜÛÒ ÑÒÒÜ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ Û äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ, ãä^Ûêã,fl ÝØß äÛâëêâê,ëÒê êãÞÈÝã Ü ÝãÜêÝêÒ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ â ãâÜã,ÜãØ ßââãØ, Ü ÝãÜêÝêÒ â äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑãß ãêâëêâê,ëÒê; (,,) - ÛÛãßãéÜãÒ ëÞÛÜÒÜÜãÒ ÑÒÜã â ãä^Ûêã,ãØ ÝØßãØ Û ë~âêÝßÛ ãÇÒßÜã,,ã ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ,ÜëêÛ ÑÒÜ. áÞÛÜÜfl âêããÜ ÝÚãØ éãêã,,éÛÛ âããê,Òêâê,ëÒê 0.8 ßß.

ÒÜÛê Û ä,,âÛê. áÞfl ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ ßÒêããß ßÒââÇëã,âÝãØ âäÒÝêãâÝãäÛÛ ÇÀÞã ã^ÒÜÒÜã ãêÜã?ÒÜÛÒ Fe3+/Fe2+ (ÔÞÈßÒÒ, Û ., 2002). ?êÛ ,êãÀ â~Ûêê, ~êã â~Òê Fe3+/Fe2+ äã âêÒiÛãßÒêÛÛ (êÛÜ^êÛÝêÛãÜÜÀØ ßÒêã) ÑÜÛÚÒê âãÒÚÜÛÒ Fe3+. ùÜÝã äãfl,ÞÒÜÛÒ ÇëÀi (ÇÑÞÈêÛ~ÒâÝÛi) ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ â,flÑÀ,Òêâfl , äÒ,ë ã~ÒÒÈ â Ûi ãÝÛâÞÒÜÛÒß , äÛäã,ÒiÜãâêÜÀi ëâÞã,Ûfli. ?êãê äã^Òââ âãäã,ãÚÒêâfl ,ÀÒÞÒÜÛÒß êãÜ~Ø?Ûi ÞßÒÞÞÒØ ß,,ÜÒêÛê (Murphy et al., 2000). ðÑë~ÒÜÜÀÒ ÔÞÈßÒÒ,Àß Û . (2002) ÝÛâêÞÞÀ äÒâê,Þflê âãÇãØ ,êãÛ~Üã ãÝÛâÞÒÜÜÀÒ ÇëÀÒ ã,,ã,ÀÒ ãÇßÜÝÛ, ã ~Òß â,ÛÒêÒÞÈâê,ëÒê 18% ß,,ÜÒêÛêã,ãØ éÑÀ, ãÇÜëÚÒÜÜãØ êÛßÛ ,êãßÛ , ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜÝi äãâÞÒ âÒä^ÛÛ. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, äãÞë~ÒÜÜÀÒ ÛßÛ ãêÜã?ÒÜÛfl Fe3+/Fe2+ äÛÜ^ÛäÛÞÈÜã ÜÒ ßã,,ëê ãêÚêÈ äÒ,Û~ÜÀÒ âãÒÚÜÛfl ÚÒÞÒÑ , ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜÝi ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ äÛ Ûi ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ Û ÜÒ ßã,,ëê ÇÀêÈ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÀ äÛ â~Òêi ÝÛâêÞÞãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛi éãßëÞ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ. ùêãäÛãÝâÒÜ ,ã ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝi äÒâê,ÞÒÜ äÞÒãiãÛëÛßÛ , ÑÒÞÒÜã,êã-ãÑã,êÀi êãøæýúùóùÙð? êãß 16 < 1 2008

Üi ÛÒÞÈÜã ãéãßÞÒÜÜÀßÛ ÛÑãßÒêÛ~ÜÀßÛ ÛÞÛ âÞÒ,,Ý ëÞÛÜÒÜÜÀßÛ ÝÛâêÞÞßÛ. × ÜÛi ÜÇÞÒêâfl äÞ,Üfl ãÇêÜfl ÑãÜÞÈÜãâêÈ, â äã,À?ÒÜÛÒß ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãâêÛ (Mg/(Mg + Fe) ê. %) ãê 65 , fli ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝã, ã 67.5 ,ã ,ÜÒ?ÜÛi ~âêfli ÑÒÒÜ. õ,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãâêÈ ßÛÝãÞÛêã, ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ , ãâÜã,ÜãØ ßââÒ ÝãÞÒÇÞÒêâfl ãê 67.7 ã 70.8. ôÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜ , äãëÝêi ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,. ã~ÒÜÈ ÒãÝ Û äÒÛßëÒâê,ÒÜÜã ,âêÒ~Òêâfl , ,,ÞãßÒãäãéÛã,Ài âãâêÝi ,ßÒâêÒ â ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜãß, äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑãß Û ß,,ÜÒêÛêãß. þÒÜãÝÛâêÀ äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ âãÒÚê ê,ÒãéÑÜÀÒ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ Û ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ, , éÒÜãÝÛâêi ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ Û ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ äÛâëêâê,ëê ê,ÒãéÑÜÀÒ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ. ?êã äãÑ,ãÞflÒê ,ÀÒÞÛêÈ ãÜã,ÒßÒÜÜã ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑã,,?ÛØâfl ä,,ÒÜÒÑÛâ ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝã,: äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ, ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ Û ã,,ã,fl ãÇßÜÝ. ûãâê,À âäÞ,ÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ , äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑÒ ãêÚê ?ÛãÝÛÒ ,Û^ÛÛ âãâê,ã, âäÞ,ã, äã äÒêã,,ÒÜÜÀß ÝãßäãÜÒÜêß. ÷äÛßÒ,


28

øÞÒ~ã, Û .

ýÇÞÛ^ 3. ûãâê, (ßâ. %) éÒÜãÝÛâêÞÞã, ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ ÷ãßÒ ÜÞÛÑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 CÒÜÒÒ ûêÜ. ãêÝÞ. ßÝâ* ßÛÜ** SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O ûëßß 42.85 43.69 43.60 45.18 43.70 41.49 42.69 43.16 41.51 42.03 43.76 43.61 43.92 40.75 41.41 42.63 42.85 42.04 42.12 44.15 43.92 42.95 42.74 41.74 42.54 42.17 43.20 42.19 41.92 41.88 41.60 42.30 41.49 41.35 42.27 41.66 42.00 41.46 41.39 41.30 42.79 42.49 0.98 1.54 1.60 1.92 1.65 1.95 1.74 1.58 1.73 1.58 1.58 2.12 2.05 1.96 1.97 1.91 1.49 1.71 1.69 2.16 1.91 1.77 1.88 1.94 1.91 1.87 2.00 2.10 2.05 1.99 1.99 1.91 1.64 1.63 1.46 2.83 3.01 2.03 1.99 2.06 2.12 2.69 1.92 0.33 9.57 9.34 9.38 8.37 8.64 9.65 9.52 9.77 11.10 10.83 9.24 9.98 10.36 12.95 13.68 12.67 13.20 12.12 11.76 10.01 10.17 10.97 11.57 11.45 11.62 12.02 12.54 12.62 12.91 13.12 13.12 9.84 9.45 9.46 10.91 10.78 12.57 12.50 12.62 12.81 10.80 11.12 1.48 13.91 13.20 14.16 12.72 13.73 14.02 13.91 14.09 15.35 15.60 14.51 12.97 12.22 12.04 11.88 11.86 13.24 13.96 13.82 12.18 13.17 14.37 14.31 14.04 14.25 15.15 13.00 14.05 13.47 13.27 13.34 14.50 13.90 14.21 13.77 15.85 12.93 12.94 13.00 13.17 13.81 13.66 0.94 0.34 0.31 0.35 0.26 0.28 0.32 0.40 0.34 0.44 0.48 0.32 0.25 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.27 0.26 0.31 0.32 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.29 0.26 0.18 0.25 0.21 0.24 0.21 0.43 0.43 0.48 0.26 0.29 0.22 0.19 0.22 0.22 0.30 0.29 0.08 13.37 13.91 13.46 13.82 13.63 12.55 13.95 13.17 12.52 12.59 14.03 14.11 14.54 13.20 13.50 13.73 13.58 12.63 12.70 14.50 13.46 12.71 12.65 12.38 12.90 12.50 11.82 12.44 12.62 12.80 12.71 13.65 13.25 13.41 12.98 12.86 13.24 13.10 13.05 12.75 13.06 13.17 0.61 10.49 10.70 10.54 10.63 10.63 10.61 11.02 10.62 10.24 10.36 10.39 10.72 10.77 10.50 10.92 10.70 10.83 10.75 10.72 10.64 11.16 10.65 10.84 10.65 10.80 10.55 10.62 11.06 10.96 11.12 10.95 10.77 10.42 10.56 10.83 10.16 10.66 10.71 10.55 10.79 10.70 10.69 0.22 2.07 1.63 1.56 2.25 1.56 1.65 1.50 1.68 2.15 1.89 2.16 1.79 1.83 2.17 2.21 2.03 2.13 1.96 2.01 1.81 1.82 1.94 1.90 1.88 1.87 1.77 1.97 2.09 2.08 2.02 2.02 1.67 1.68 1.68 1.86 2.11 2.11 2.12 2.19 2.25 1.77 1.92 0.21 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.50 0.43 0.42 0.34 0.44 0.41 0.39 0.36 0.54 0.51 0.38 0.35 0.31 0.36 0.38 0.47 0.47 0.50 0.45 0.44 0.42 0.42 0.41 0.46 0.41 0.40 0.41 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.38 0.41 0.39 0.33 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.40 0.41 0.05 94.57 94.81 95.38 95.38 94.54 92.44 94.91 95.00 95.29 95.76 96.89 96.02 96.34 94.16 96.08 95.63 98.12 95.80 96.02 95.96 96.29 96.20 96.65 94.75 96.56 96.82 95.88 97.16 96.57 96.84 96.26 95.18 92.61 93.00 96.12 97.10 96.09 95.32 95.39 95.73 96.32 95.66 õg/(Mg + 2+ 3+ ûëßß Fe /Fe Al(IV) Al(VI) + Fe) ÝêÛãÜã, 0.84 0.87 0.86 0.77 0.84 0.80 0.90 0.83 0.86 0.86 0.88 0.87 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.90 0.89 0.82 0.81 0.90 0.79 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.83 0.85 0.72 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.83 0.90 0.89 0.90 0.81 0.87 0.87 0.86 0.87 0.82 0.82 0.84 0.51 0.40 0.38 1.35 0.52 0.64 0.26 0.49 0.32 0.29 0.31 0.40 0.33 0.33 0.36 0.30 0.28 0.52 0.63 0.32 0.92 0.64 0.65 0.65 0.47 0.35 1.61 0.81 0.69 0.63 0.56 0.23 0.28 0.22 0.66 0.27 0.38 0.42 0.38 0.60 0.56 0.51 1.61 1.54 1.58 1.31 1.50 1.64 1.66 1.60 1.84 1.80 1.58 1.63 1.63 1.94 1.97 1.79 1.89 1.81 1.80 1.58 1.55 1.69 1.75 1.77 1.79 1.86 1.63 1.85 1.87 1.90 1.91 1.71 1.69 1.69 1.78 1.85 1.87 1.89 1.91 1.91 1.74 1.74 0.08 0.09 0.05 0.15 0.02 0.10 0.00 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.00 0.09 0.14 0.33 0.38 0.38 0.33 0.29 0.24 0.13 0.20 0.21 0.25 0.24 0.21 0.20 0.55 0.32 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.31 0.13 0.19 15.36 15.24 15.19 15.43 15.23 15.31 15.24 15.25 15.32 15.25 15.29 15.29 15.28 15.37 15.39 15.30 15.31 15.33 15.35 15.25 15.37 15.31 15.32 15.33 15.30 15.22 15.33 15.40 15.38 15.38 15.37 15.26 15.26 15.28 15.32 15.25 15.33 15.35 15.35 15.41 15.26 15.31

45.18 3.01 13.68 15.85 0.48 14.54 11.16 2.25 0.54 40.75 1.46 8.37 11.86 0.18 11.82 10.16 1.50 0.31

øÛßÒ~ÜÛÒ. ÔÜÞÛÑÀ 1-10, 11-31 - äãéÛÞÛ ~ÒÒÑ ÑÒÜ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ; 32-41 - ãêÒÞÈÜÀÒ ÑÒÜ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ. úâ~Òê ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ Ü éãßëÞë äãÛÑ,ãÛÞâfl äã ßÒêãÛÝÒ äÒÒâ~Òê Ü "13 ÝêÛãÜã,". * õÝâÛßÞÈÜãÒ âãÒÚÜÛÒ ,,Þ,ÜÀi äÒêã,,ÒÜÜÀi ÝãßäãÜÒÜêã, , ÛÑßÒÒÜÜÀi ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜÝi. ** õÛÜÛßÞÈÜãÒ âãÒÚÜÛÒ ,,Þ,ÜÀi äÒêã,,ÒÜÜÀi ÝãßäãÜÒÜêã, , ÛÑßÒÒÜÜÀi ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜÝi. øæýúùóùÙð? êãß 16 < 1 2008


úùÙù×?æ ùÕõÔ÷ôð × Ô÷áæñðýÔÿ

29 Crb

SiO2 ,ÈÛëÒê ãê 56.3 ã 73.9 ßâ. %, ô2ù ãê 2.25 ã 5.77 ßâ. % (ýãÞâêÀi Û ., 1999). û ë,,ãØ âêããÜÀ, âäÞ,ÜÀÒ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl , ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜÒ (êÇÞ. 2) ÛßÒê ,,ãÑã ÇãÞÒÒ ëÑÝÛÒ ,Û^ÛÛ âãâê,ã, (SiO2 72.5-74.0 ßâ. %, ô2ù 2.35-3.27 ßâ. %). úâäÞ,ÜÀÒ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl , ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜÝi ãÇÜëÚÛêÈ ÜÒ ëÞãâÈ. ùÇÞâêÈ âãâê,ã, âäÞ,ã,, ÛÑ ÝãêãÀi ßã,,ÞÛ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑã,êÈâfl ãÜã,ÒßÒÜÜã äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ Û ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ, ÛßÒÒê ÛÜêÒ,Þ ÝÒßÜÒÝÛâÞãêÜãâêÛ ãê 72.3 ã 73.9 ßâ. %. ×ãÑßãÚÜã, ÇãÞÈ?ÛÒ ,Û^ÛÛ âãâê,ã, âäÞ,ÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ , äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑÒ ãêÚê Ò,,ã ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^Û ÛÑ ÑÞÛ~ÜÀi äã âãâê,ë ß,,ß Ü éãÜêÒ âßÒ?ÒÜÛfl. ùâÜã,Üfl ßââ äÒÛßëÒâê,ÒÜÜã âÞãÚÒÜ ßÛÝãÞÛêßÛ äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ Û ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ. ùäÒÒÞÒÜÛÒ êã~ÜãØ äãäã^ÛÛ êÛi ßÛÜÒÞã, ÑêëÜÒÜã ÛÑ-Ñ ßÜã,,ã~ÛâÞÒÜÜÀi ÒÞÛÝêã, äãÞÜãâêÈ ÑÞãÚÒÜÜãØ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ. × ãâÜã,ÜãØ ßââÒ êÝÚÒ ãêßÒ~Òêâfl ÑÜ~ÛêÒÞÈÜãÒ ÝãÞÛ~Òâê,ã ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã ÝëäÜÀi (ã 50-60 ßÝß) êÒÛÜã,êÀi ÇÒâéãßÒÜÜÀi ÑÒÒÜ (Ûâ. 5), ÝãêãÀÒ ãäÛâÜÀ Ùã?Ýã,Àß Û Õã,,ãfl,ÞÒÜâÝãØ (1965) ÝÝ ÝÛâêãÇÞÛê (ãÝãÞã 3%) Û ß,,ÜÒêÛê (ßÒÜÒÒ 1%). ûãâê,À êÛi éÑ äÛ,ÒÒÜÀ , êÇÞ. 2. ôÛâêãÇÞÛê ÝãßÒ ÝÒßÜÒÑÒß âãÒÚÛê Al2O3 Û Na2O. ûêÒÝÞã ÛãÞÛêã,ã,,ã âãâê, ÜiãÛêâfl , ÛÜêÒâêÛ^Ûfli ßÒÚë ÝÛâêÞÞßÛ äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ. ûãâê,À ,âÒi éÑ ãâÜã,ÜãØ ßââÀ äÒâê,ÞÒÜÀ , êÇÞ. 2. ùêãÇÜÜÀÒ ÜßÛ ãÇÑ^À ã~ÒÜÈ ÇÞÛÑÝÛ äã ßÛÜÒÞÈÜãßë âãâê,ë Û äÒêã,,éÛ~ÒâÝÛß ãâãÇÒÜÜãâêflß. úÑÞÛ~Ûfl , äãÛâêãâêÛ ßã,,ëê ÇÀêÈ ãÇflâÜÒÜÀ ÞãÝÞÈÜÀßÛ äã^ÒââßÛ Û ÑÞÛ~ÜãØ êÒßÞÈÜãØ ÛâêãÛÒØ ãÇÑ^ã, ëÚÒ ,ã ,Òßfl ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, ÛââÞÒã,ÜÜÀØ ßêÒÛÞ fl,ÞflÒêâfl äÒâê,ÛêÒÞÈÜÀß Þfl ÛÑë~ÒÜÛfl äã^Òââã,, äãÛâiãÛ,?Ûi , ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝãß ã~,,Ò äÒÒ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛÒß 30 ßê 1956 ,,. ýÛäÛÑ^Ûfl ÝØß ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ × ÜÒÑÛêi ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 1956 ,,. ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ ,ã ,âÒi ÑÒÜi ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ äÛâëêâê,ëê ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀÒ ÝØßÀ (Ûâ. 4-6). øÛ êãß âãiÜflÒêâfl ÛÛãßãéÜãâêÈ ÑÒÒÜ: ÝÝ ä,ÛÞã, êã ?ÒâêÛë,,ãÞÈÜÀÒ âÒ~ÒÜÛfl â ~ÒêÝÛßÛ ,,ÜflßÛ ÝÛâêÞÞ. ÷ Ûâ. 6-6, ~ÒêÝã ,ÀÒÞflÒêâfl , âêëÝêëÜÀi êÛä: ,,ÜëÞflÜÀØ Û âÛßäÞÒÝêÛêã,ÀØ, ÝãêãÀÒ Üiãflêâfl , âÞãÚÜÀi ,ÑÛßããêÜã?ÒÜÛfli ë,, â ë,,ãß. ÙÜëÞflÜfl ÝØß (Ûâ. 6,,) ÛßÒÒê ~ÒêÝÛÒ ÒÑÝÛÒ ,,ÜÛ^À. ûã âêããÜÀ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ ê ,,ÜÛ^ ~Ò ,âÒ,,ã äãiãÛê ,ãÞÈ âäØÜãâêÛ ÛÞÛ äã êÒÛÜß. þãß ëÜã,,ã ßÛÜÒÞ ßãÚÒê ÇÀêÈ ÛÑãßÒêÛ~ÜãØ Û ,ÀêflÜëêãØ, ÑßÒ ÝãÞÒÇÞÒêâfl ãê 3 ã 8-10 ßÝß. øÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ äÒâê,ÞÒÜ ,ÀÒÞÒÜÛflßÛ ÜÒä,ÛÞÈÜãØ éãßÀ, ÑßÒãß ãê 5 ã 10 ßÝß, äÒãÇÞÛØ äÛãÝâÒÜ äÒâê,ÞflÒê âãÇãØ ßêÛ^ë, , ÝãøæýúùóùÙð? êãß 16 < 1 2008

Crb

Hbl

Ap Ap Hbl

Crb

100 ßÝß

úÛâ. 5. þãêã,,éÛfl âãâêÝ ÝÛâêÞÞã, ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ Û ãÝëÚÒØ ãâÜã,ÜãØ ßââÀ, ,ÀäãÞÜÒÜÜfl , ãêÚÒÜÜÀi ÞÒÝêãÜi. ÷ éãêã,,éÛÛ iãã?ã ,ÛÜÀ ßÜã,,ã~ÛâÞÒÜÜÀÒ ,ÀÒÞÒÜÛfl ÝÛâêãÇÞÛê , ãâÜã,ÜãØ ßââÒ. ?ê éãêã,,éÛfl âããê,Òêâê,ëÒê éãêã,,éÛÛ 4, ,ÀäãÞÜÒÜÜãØ , äãiãflÒß â,ÒêÒ. Hbl - ã,,ã,fl ãÇßÜÝ, Ap - äêÛê, Crb - ÝÛâêãÇÞÛê.

êãë ÑÝÞ~ÒÜÀ ëÜÀØ Û äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ. ôãßÒ êã,,ã, , ,,Ò,,êÒ äÛâëêâê,ëê äëâêãêÀ ÑßÒãß ãê 1.5 ã 5 ßÝß. ûÛßäÞÒÝêÛêã,fl ÝØß (Ûâ. 6) äÒâê,ÞflÒê âãÇãØ êãÜÝÛÒ (<1 ßÝß) ââêÜÛfl ßÛÜÒÞã,, âãâê, ÝãêãÀi ÜÒ,ãÑßãÚÜã ãäÒÒÞÛêÈ ÚÒ Ý~Òâê,ÒÜÜã. øã ÝãÜêâêë ÛÑãÇÚÒÜÛfl , ãêÚÒÜÜÀi ÞÒÝêãÜi ßãÚÜã ,ÀÒÞÛêÈ âëÇßÛÝãÜÜÀÒ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÝÛ ëÜã,,ã ßÛÜÒÞ. ÷ äÒäÒÜÛÝëÞflÜÀi ëÞÛÜÒÜÛ âÒ~ÒÜÛfli ÜÇÞêâfl ãÇ âêëÝêëÜÀi êÛä ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß: ,ÜëêÒÜÜflfl ,,ÜëÞflÜfl Û ,ÜÒ?Üflfl âÛßäÞÒÝêÛêã,fl ÝØßÀ (Ûâ. 6, 6Ç). øãâÞÒÚÛ,Òêâfl ÑãÜÞÈÜãâêÈ ÝØß äã âãÒÚÜÛ ëÜã,,ã: ,ã ,ÜÒ?ÜÒØ ÝØßÒ ÜÇÞÒêâfl äãâêÒäÒÜÜãÒ ëßÒÜÈ?ÒÜÛÒ âãÒÚÜÛfl ëÜã,,ã ßÛÜÒÞ ãê ^ÒÜê Ý Ý. ÷ âÒ~ÒÜÛfli ,ãÞÈ ëÞÛÜÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ iãã?ã ,ÛÜã (Ûâ. 6,), ~êã Ü êã^Ò,Ài ,,Üfli Ñ,Û,Òêâfl êãÞÈÝã âÛßäÞÒÝêÛêã,fl ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜfl ÝØß. ?ê ÝØß êÝÚÒ ÛßÒÒê flÝã ,ÀÚÒÜÜë ÑãÜÞÈÜãâêÈ äã âãÒÚÜÛ ëÜã,,ã ßÛÜÒÞ. ÷ Ûâ. 6Ò äãÝÑÜ ë~âêãÝ âã~ÞÒÜÒÜÛfl êã^Ò,ãØ Û ÇãÝã,ãØ ,,ÜÒØ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ. ×ÜÒ?Üflfl êÒßÜfl âÛßäÞÒÝêÛêã,fl ÝØß äÛâëêâê,ëÒê ÝÝ Ü ÇãÝã,Ài, êÝ Û Ü êã^Ò,Ài ,,Üfli. æÒ ßãÜãâêÈ Û âãâê, ÜÒ ÛÑßÒÜflêâfl. ÙÜëÞflÜfl ÝØß, iÝêÒÜfl Þfl ,ÜëêÒÜÜÛi ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÑãÜ ÇãÝã,Ài ,,ÜÒØ, äÛ äÒÒiãÒ Ü êã^Ò,ÀÒ ,,ÜÛ ÒÑÝã âßÒÜflÒêâfl flÝãØ âÛßäÞÒÝêÛêã,ãØ. ÙÜÛ^À ÝØßÀ ãâêêâfl ,ÀÒÚÜÜÀßÛ, âãiÜflfl ßãÜãâêÈ. úÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀÒ ÝØ-


30 () (Ç)

øÞÒ~ã, Û . (,)

30 ßÝß

30 ßÝß

100 ßÝß

(,,)

10 ßÝß

()

3 ßÝß

(Ò)

10 ßÝß

úÛâ. 6. (a-,) úÑÞÛ~ÜÀÒ âÒ~ÒÜÛfl ÑÒÒÜ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ Û Ûi ÝÛâêÞÞã,,éÛ~ÒâÝfl ãÛÒÜêÛã,Ý. (,,-Ò) ûêëÝêëÜÀÒ êÛäÀ ÝØß. (a, Ç) - âÒ~ÒÜÛfl, ÇÞÛÑÝÛÒ Ý äÒäÒÜÛÝëÞflÜãßë ëÞÛÜÒÜÛ ÝÛâêÞÞ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ; (,) - âÒ~ÒÜÛÒ ,ãÞÈ ëÞÛÜÒÜÛfl ÝÛâêÞÞ; (,,) - ,,ÜëÞflÜÀØ Û () - âÛßäÞÒÝêÛêã,ÀØ êÛä ÝØß; (Ò) - ë~âêãÝ âã~ÞÒÜÒÜÛfl êã^Ò,ãØ Û ÇãÝã,ãØ ,,ÜÒØ.

30 ßÝß

100 ßÝß

30 ßÝß

úÛâ. 7. ôëäÜãÑÒÜÛâêÀØ ,,Ò,,ê ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ,ÜëêÛ ÝÛâêÞÞ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ.

ßÀ Ü ÇãÝã,Ài Û êã^Ò,Ài ,,Üfli ÛßÒê âiãÜãÒ ÑãÜÞÈÜãÒ ,ë~ÞÒÜÜãÒ âêãÒÜÛÒ, Üã ÑÞÛ~êâfl äã ßãéãÞã,,ÛÛ ÑÒÒÜ, âÞ,,Ûi ,ÜëêÒÜÜ ÑãÜë ÝØß. ôãßÒ ÝØß ,ãÝë,, ÝÛâêÞÞã,, ÜÇÞÒêâfl ÝëäÜãÑÒÜÛâêÀØ (ÑßÒ ÑÒÒÜ 10-20 ßÝß) ,,Ò,,ê ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ ,ÜëêÛ ÑÒÒÜ, ãÜ ßãÚÒê äÛßÀÝêÈ ÜÒäãâÒâê,ÒÜÜã Ý ÝØßÒ, âÒ~È ÒÒ ÛÞÛ ÜiãÛêÈâfl ,ÜëêÛ ÑÒÜ, ÜÒ ÛßÒfl äflßã,,ã ÝãÜêÝê â ÝØßãØ (Ûâ. 7). ôÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜ ,

êÛi ë~âêÝi âãiÜflÒê ãÛÒÜêÛã,Ýë ÑßÒÒßãØ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ. þãß êÝÛi ,,Ò,,êã, ÜÒä,ÛÞÈÜfl, ßãÚÒê ÇÀêÈ ÛÑãßÒêÛ~ÜãØ, ,ÀêflÜëêãØ, ßÒâêßÛ ã,,ÜÛ~ÒÜÜãØ êÒÛÜßÛ âäØÜãâêÛ. ñÒÜ, ,,Ò Ñ,ÛêÀ êÝÛÒ ,,Ò,,êÀ ÑßÒÒÜÛfl, ~âêã äãÜÛÑÜÀ êãÜÝÛßÛ (äÒ,ÀÒ ßÛÝãÜÀ) ÝÜÞßÛ Û êÒÛÜßÛ, , ÝãêãÀi ÜÇÞÒêâfl ëÜÀØ ßÛÜÒÞ Û,,ãÞÈ~êãØ Û äÞâêÛÜ~êãØ éãßÀ. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, ßÀ ßãÚÒß ,ÀÒÞÛêÈ , ãâÜã,ÜÀi êÛä ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ , ÜÒøæýúùóùÙð? êãß 16 < 1 2008


úùÙù×?æ ùÕõÔ÷ôð × Ô÷áæñðýÔÿ ýÇÞÛ^ 4. ûãâê, (ßâ. %) äãëÝêã, ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl éÒÜãÝÛâêÞÞã, ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ õÛÜÒÞÀ øÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ (4) ûêÜ. ãêÝÞ. õ,,ÜÒêÛê (2) ûêÜ. ãêÝÞ. ùêãäÛãÝâÒÜ (3) ûêÜ. ãêÝÞ. ×ÜÒ?Üflfl ÝØß (22)* ûêÜ. ãêÝÞ. ×ÜëêÒÜÜflfl ÝØß (41)* ûêÜ. ãêÝÞ. øÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ (5) ûêÜ. ãêÝÞ. õ,,ÜÒêÛê (4) ûêÜ. ãêÝÞ. ùêãäÛãÝâÒÜ (4) ûêÜ. ãêÝÞ. ôÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜ (10) ûêÜ. ãêÝÞ. SiO2 49.77 1.01 2.94 3.95 52.28 0.40 51.20 2.35 43.72 1.71 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O 3.54 0.33 0.10 0.12 0.00 0.01 2.20 0.41 1.53 0.45 5.22 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.42 0.11 1.84 K2O 0.45 0.13 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.34 0.37 0.18 0.11 0.74 0.15 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.29

31

P2O5 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03

× ÝØßÒ 0.29 25.78 1.97 0.07 1.93 12.80 0.26 2.29 1.06 0.03 1.14 0.34 8.42 3.87 62.79 0.57 3.71 0.67 1.57 0.83 10.01 0.11 0.88 0.54 0.14 0.73 20.70 1.14 23.02 0.85 0.02 0.31 0.44 0.11 0.40 0.08 0.93 12.69 10.34 0.53 12.37 7.30 0.54 2.53 1.52 0.16 2.11 2.50 2.01 10.25 16.36 0.49 12.16 10.31 0.37 2.03 2.49 0.11 1.54 1.45 ðÑ ãÇÞâêÒØ ãÇÒßÜã,,ã âä 53.61 0.09 26.50 1.25 0.03 0.24 9.71 2.20 0.05 0.89 0.30 0.02 0.15 0.56 0.30 5.72 3.14 75.16 0.69 5.78 0.23 0.41 3.15 0.51 3.05 0.01 1.62 0.12 53.00 0.37 1.68 14.92 0.69 26.19 1.88 0.21 0.05 0.56 1.32 0.02 0.78 0.20 48.80 1.11 3.18 7.56 0.39 15.68 19.49 2.56 0.22 0.67 1.26 0.06 1.46 1.44 Ô,,Ò,,ê ãÇÒßÜã,,ã âä ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ (31)** 44.84 1.47 11.96 11.99 0.57 13.78 9.72

* ûÒÜÛÒ âãâê,À äã äãéÛÞflß ~ÒÒÑ ãäÒÒÞÒÜÜÀÒ ë~âêÝÛ ÝØßÀ. ** ûÒÜÛÒ âãâê,À äã äãéÛÞflß ~ÒÒÑ äãÞÜãâêÈ ÑÞãÚÒÜÜÀÒ ÑÒÜ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ.

ÑÛêi ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 1956 ,,. ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ. øÒ,ÀØ êÛä - ÑãÜÞÈÜÀÒ ,ë~ÞÒÜÜÀÒ ÝØßÀ ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ ,ãÝë,, ÑÒÒÜ. × êÛi ÝØßi ,ÀÒÞflÒêâfl , äãêÛä, â ,,ÜëÞflÜÀßÛ Û âÛßäÞÒÝêÛêã,ÀßÛ âêëÝêëßÛ âããê,Òêâê,ÒÜÜã. ÙÜëÞflÜÀÒ ÝØßÀ Ñ,Û,êâfl êãÞÈÝã ,ãÞÈ ÇãÝã,Ài ,,ÜÒØ ÝÛâêÞÞã, ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ. ×êããØ êÛä - ãÇÒßÜãÒ ÑÞãÚÒÜÛÒ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ. ñÒâÈ êÝÚÒ ßãÚÜã ,ÀÒÞÛêÈ , äãêÛä. ôëäÜãÑÒÜÛâêÀÒ ë~âêÝÛ ÑßÒÒÜÛfl âããê,Òêâê,ëê êÛäë 2 äã (Murphy et al., 2000), ",,ÇÇãÛÜãßë êÛäë" äã (Garcia et al., 1979) Û "ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜã,ãßë" êÛäë äã (Rutherford, Devine, 2003). ýãÜÝãÑÒÜÛâêÀÒ ë~âêÝÛ ÇãÞÒÒ ,âÒ,,ã äãiãflê äã ãäÛâÜÛÒ "~ÒÜã,,ã êÛä" äã (Garcia et al., 1979), êÛä 3 äã (Murphy et al., 2000) Û ãä^Ûê äã (Rutherford, Devine, 2003). ÷Òâßãêfl Ü ,ÜÒ?ÜÒÒ âiãâê,ã ,,Ò,,êã, ÑßÒÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ, ßÀ ÜÒ ßãÚÒß ãêãÚÒâê,ÞflêÈ ÝØßÀ ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ Û äãëÝêÀ ãÇÒßÜã,,ã ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ äã ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝÛi äÛ~ÛÜß. ×ã-äÒ,Ài, äãëÝêÀ ãÇÒßÜã,,ã ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl äÝêÛ~ÒâÝÛ ÛÑãiÛßÛ~ÜÀ ãÝëÚÒØ Ûi ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÒ, êã,, ÝÝ ÝØßÀ ãä^ÛøæýúùóùÙð? êãß 16 < 1 2008

êÛÑ^ÛÛ ÑßÒêÜã ãêÞÛ~êâfl äã âãâê,ë ãê ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ (êÇÞ. 4). ×ã-,êãÀi, ùÜÛ êÝÚÒ ÑÞÛ~êâfl äã ßÛÜÒÞÈÜãßë âãâê,ë: , äãëÝêi ãÇÒßÜã,,ã ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl äÛâëêâê,ëÒê ,ÀâãÝãÝÞÈ^ÛÒ,ÀØ ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜ, êã,, ÝÝ , ,,ÜëÞflÜÀi ,,Ò,,êi ãä^Ûêã,Ài ÝØß ãêßÒ~Òêâfl êãÞÈÝã ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ Û äÛÚãÜÛê. ×-êÒêÈÛi, ë~âêÝÛ ãÇÒßÜã,,ã ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ÛßÒê âÒÝëÛÒ ,ÑÛßããêÜã?ÒÜÛfl â ãä^Ûêã,ÀßÛ ÝØßßÛ, ê.Ò. ãÇÑã,ÞÛâÈ äãÑÚÒ ãä^Ûêã,Ài ÝØß (Ûâ. 7). úÒÝ^ÛÛ ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ úëÑÒéã Û ÿÛÞÞ (Rutherford et al., 1993) ãêßÒ~ê, ~êã Þfl ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß ,ãÝë,, ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ , ÜÒÑÛêi ûÒÜê-ÿÒÞÒÜâ ÜÒãÇiãÛßã ë~âêÛÒ âäÞ, Û ,,ëßÒÜêÛëê êã (1) ãêâëêâê,ÛÒß ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß Ü ë~âêÝi, ÝÜÛã,ÜÜÀi ãê âäÞ, ë,,ÛßÛ éÑßÛ, Û (2) êÒÝâêëÜÀßÛ äÛÑÜÝßÛ ãâê ÝØß ",ÜëêÈ ÝÛâêÞÞã,". ôØßÀ ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ , äããi ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ


32

øÞÒ~ã, Û .

ýÇÞÛ^ 5. úÒÝ^ÛÛ ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ, äÛ,ÒÒÜÜÀÒ , ÞÛêÒêëÒ úÒ,,ÒÜêÀ, ßâ. % 73 100 100 100 Hbl + 27 Melt Hbl Hbl Hbl 29 Opx + 49.8 Cpx 53.9 Cpx 43.0 Cpx øãëÝêÀ, ßâ. % 24 Cpx + 43 + 27.6 Opx + + 24.4 Opx + + 24.5 Opx + Pl + 3 Ilm 18.2 Pl + 4.5 Ti-Mag 18.1 Pl + 1.9 Ilm + 1.7 Mag 23.7 Pl + 5.2 Ilm + 3.5 Mag óÛêÒêëÜÀØ Ûâêã~ÜÛÝ, ,ëÞÝÜ (Rutherford, Hill, 1993), ûÒÜê-ÿÒÞÒÜâ (Buckley et al., 2006), õãÜêâÒê (Buckley et al., 2006), õãÜêâÒê (Buckley et al., 2006), ûÒÜê-ÿÒÞÒÜâ

ýÇÞÛ^ 6. úÒÑëÞÈêêÀ ÛÑßÒÒÜÛØ äãäã^ÛØ ßÛÜÒÞã, , ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØßi Û äÒÒâ~Òê Ûi , ßââã,ÀÒ äã^ÒÜêÀ ÷ãßÒ ÑÒÜ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ûÒÜÒÒ ûêÜ. ãêÝÞ. ÙÜëÞflÜÀÒ ë~âêÝÛ ÝØßÀ, ãÇ. % Px 49.24 55.4 53.31 47.6 55.79 64.58 58.13 46.84 50.45 52.99 54.35 53.71 53.53 4.87 Pl 30.43 32.35 34.19 35.23 31.17 23.01 32.03 39.51 33.88 29.74 33.56 33.83 32.41 3.91 Ti-Mag äëâêãêÀ 15.09 10.8 8.98 14.89 9.28 10.03 7.63 11.67 13.42 13.5 9.72 8.84 11.16 2.52 5.25 1.45 3.52 2.29 3.76 2.37 2.22 1.97 2.25 3.77 2.37 3.62 2.9 1.08 Px 54.86 58.92 61.53 51.99 55.88 61.35 61.42 56.38 54.99 53.91 53.96 57.19 56.87 3.26 ×âfl ÝØß, ãÇ. % Pl 33.23 28.85 29.02 34.12 36.11 29.65 31.11 33.52 35.83 32.18 37.8 35.33 33.06 2.96 Ti-Mag 11.91 12.23 9.45 13.89 8.02 9 7.46 10.1 9.17 13.91 8.24 7.48 10.07 2.35 ×âfl ÝØß, ßâ. % Px 55.36 58.81 62.33 52.03 57.91 62.38 63.16 57.47 56.62 53.72 56.07 59.35 57.93 3.49 Pl 26.43 22.7 23.17 26.92 29.5 23.76 25.22 26.93 29.08 25.28 30.96 28.9 26.57 2.66 Ti-Mag 18.21 18.49 14.5 21.06 12.59 13.86 11.62 15.59 14.3 21 12.97 11.76 15.5 3.39

ÛßÒê êÒ ÚÒ äÛÑÜÝÛ ÒÝ^ÛÛ â ãÝëÚÛß âäÞ,ãß (Ûâ. 4). ÕÝÞÛ â âã,êãßÛ (Buckley et al., 2006) â~Ûêê, ~êã ÒÝ^Ûfl ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ äãiãÛê äã~êÛ ÛÑãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛ, Üã , ãêÝÀêãØ âÛâêÒßÒ; äÛ êãß äãÛâiãÛê ÜÒÑÜ~ÛêÒÞÈÜÀØ ãÇßÒÜ ÝãßäãÜÒÜêßÛ â âäÞ,ãß. õââ-ÇÞÜâã,ÀÒ â~ÒêÀ ãâÞãÚÜÒÜÀ ÑãÜÞÈÜãâêÈ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ Û ?ÛãÝÛßÛ ,Û^ÛflßÛ âãâê,ã, ßÛÜÒÞã, , ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØßi, ê.Ò. ÜÒãäÒÒÞÒÜÜãâêÈ , âãâê,i éÑ, ë~âê,ëÛi , ßââ-ÇÞÜâÒ. ýÒß ÜÒ ßÒÜÒÒ ,ã ,âÒi ââßãêÒÜÜÀi êÛßÛ ,êãßÛ âÞë~fli êÒÇëÒêâfl äÛ,Üãâ SiO2 ÛÑ âäÞ, Û ,ÀÜãâ FeO, CaO Û ÒÞã~ÒØ ÛÑ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ. úÒÝ^ÛÛ ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ, äÛ,ÒÒÜÜÀÒ , ÞÛêÒêëÒ, äÒâê,ÞÒÜÀ , êÇÞ. 5. ü~âêÝÛ ãÇÒßÜã,,ã ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ , äããi ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ iãã?ã âã,,Þâëêâfl â ÛÑãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÒÝ^ÛÒØ, äÒÞãÚÒÜÜãØ , (Buckley et al., 2006). × êÛi ë~âêÝi äÛãÝâÒÜ fl,Üã äÒãÇÞÒê Ü ë,,ÛßÛ ßÛÜÒÞßÛ, äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ ÜiãÛêâfl , äã~ÛÜÒÜÜãß ÝãÞÛ~Òâê,Ò (Ûâ. 7). ôãÞÛ~Òâê,ã ëÜã,,ã ßÛÜÒÞ , êÛi

ë~âêÝi âÛÞÈÜã ,ÈÛëÒê, Üã , ^ÒÞãß ÜÒ äÒ,À?Òê 8 ßâ. %. úëÜÀØ ßÛÜÒÞ , Ü?Òß âÞë~Ò äÒâê,ÞÒÜ êãÞÈÝã êÛêÜãß,,ÜÒêÛêãß (êÇÞ. 4), iãêfl , ÜÒÝãêãÀi äããi ,ëÞÝÜã, ûÒÜê-ÿÒÞÒÜâ (Buckley et al., 2006) Û õãÜêâÒê (Murphy et al., 2000) , ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØßi ãêßÒ~Òêâfl , ëÜÀi ßÛÜÒÞ: ß,,ÜÒêÛê Û ÛÞÈßÒÜÛê. áÞfl ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ãä^Ûêã,Ài ÝØß ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ , äããi ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ ÜÒ äãiãflê ÒÝ^ÛÛ, äÒÞãÚÒÜÜÀÒ , (Rutherford, Hill, 1993; Buckley et al., 2006) äã âÞÒëÛß äÛ~ÛÜß: (1) × ãä^Ûêã,Ài ÝØßi ãêâëêâê,ëÒê ,ÀâãÝãÝÞÈ^ÛÒ,ÀØ ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜ, ÝãêãÀØ fl,ÞflÒêâfl ,,Þ,ÜÀß ßÛÜÒÞãß äÒÞ,,ÒßÀi ÒÝ^ÛØ. øÛãÝâÒÜ , ÝØßi âãÒÚÛê ãê 0.5 (ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ) ã 12 ßâ. % (äÛÚãÜÛê) CaO (êÇÞ. 4). ×ÀâãÝãÝÞÈ^ÛÒ,ÀØ ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜ âãÒÚÛêâfl êãÞÈÝã , ë~âêÝi ãÇÒßÜã,,ã âä ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ, ÝãêãÀÒ ãÇÑã,ÞÛâÈ äãÑÚÒ ÝØß ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ. (2) øãäã^ÛÛ ßÛÜÒÞã, , ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØßi âÛÞÈÜã ãêÞÛ~êâfl ãê âããêÜã?ÒÜÛØ ßÛÜÒÞã, , äÒÞãÚÒÜÜÀi ÒÝ^Ûfli. ÷ßÛ ÇÀÞÛ ÛÑßÒÒÜÀ äãäã^ÛÛ äÛãÝâÒÜ, ëÜã,,ã ßÛÜÒÞ Û
øæýúùóùÙð? êãß 16 < 1 2008


úùÙù×?æ ùÕõÔ÷ôð × Ô÷áæñðýÔÿ 60 SiO2, ßâ.% 55 50 45 40 35 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 FeO, ßâ.% 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 0.6 0.5 K2O, ßâ.% 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 20 40 60 80 X, ßÝß 100 120 140 0 20 40 60 80 X, ßÝß 100 120 140

33

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

CaO, ßâ.%

úÛâ. 8. øãéÛÞÛ ~ÒÒÑ ë~âêÝÛ â âÛßäÞÒÝêÛêã,Àß êÛäãß ÝØßÀ. ñÞÛêÀÒ ë~âêÝÛ ãêÚê ,Û^ÛÛ âãâê,ã, ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ.

äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ ÝÝ äã ÝØßÒ , ^ÒÞãß, êÝ Û êãÞÈÝã , ,,ÜëÞflÜÀi ë~âêÝi ÝØßÀ. úÒÑëÞÈêêÀ ÛÑßÒÒÜÛØ Û äÒÒâ~Òê , ßââã,ÀÒ äã^ÒÜêÀ äÒâê,ÞÒÜÀ , êÇÞ. 6. ×ÛÜã, ~êã ,,ÜëÞflÜfl ÝØß ãÇã,,ÒÜ ëÜÀß ßÛÜÒÞãß äã ãêÜã?ÒÜÛ Ý ,ÜÒ?ÜÛß âÛßäÞÒÝêÛêã,Àß ë~âêÝß. øã â,ÜÒÜÛ â ë~âêÝßÛ ãÇÒßÜã,,ã âä ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ Û â ÒÝ^ÛflßÛ, äÒÞãÚÒÜÜÀßÛ , (Buckley et al., 2006), , ãä^Ûêã,Ài ÝØßi ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ âãÒÚÛêâfl ,,ãÑã ÇãÞÈ?Ò ëÜã,,ã ßÛÜÒÞ Û äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ Û ,,ãÑã ßÒÜÈ?Ò äÛãÝâÒÜã,. (3) ôØßÀ ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ , äããi ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ ÛßÒê ~ÒêÝã ,ÀÚÒÜÜë ÑãÜÞÈÜãâêÈ, Ýãêãfl iãã?ã ,ÛÜ Ü äãéÛÞfli, âÒÞÜÜÀi ~ÒÒÑ âÛßäÞÒÝêÛêã,ÀÒ ÝØßÀ êã^Ò,Ài ,,ÜÒØ ÝÛâêÞÞã, (Ûâ. 8). øããÇÜfl ÑãÜÞÈÜãâêÈ ÜÒ ßãÚÒê ÇÀêÈ ãêÚÒÜÛÒß äÒ,Û~ÜãØ ÑãÜÞÈÜãâêÛ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ, êã ÒâêÈ ÒÝ^Ûfl ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ÜÒ ßãÚÒê ÇÀêÈ "äã~êÛ ÛÑãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝãØ", ÝÝ äÒÞ,,Òêâfl , (Buckley et al., 2006). ûÞãÚÜfl ÑÜãÜä,ÞÒÜÜfl ÑãÜÞÈÜãâêÈ ÜÒ ßãÚÒê êÝÚÒ äãÞë~ÛêÈâfl äãâêÀß âÞãÚÒÜÛÒß âãâê, ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ â ãäÒÒÞÒÜÜÀß ÝãÞÛ~Òâê,ãß âäÞ,, ÝÝ äÒÞ,,Òêâfl , (Rutherford, Hill, 1993). ûÞãÚÜÀÒ ,ëÜä,ÞÒÜÜÀÒ äã^ÒââÀ âÒÞÒÝêÛ,Üã,,ã äÛ,Üãâ-,ÀÜãâ ÝãßäãÜÒÜêã, iÝêÒÜÀ Þfl ÇÛßÒêâãßêÛ~ÒâÝÛi äã^Òââã,. ÙÞ,ÜÀß äÛÑÜÝãß ßÒêâãßêãÑ fl,ÞflÒêâfl ßÒêâãßêÛ~ÒâÝfl ÑãÜÞÈÜãâêÈ, Ýãêãfl , ÜÜãß âÞë~Ò ,ÀÚÒêâfl , äÛâëêâê,ÛÛ ,ëi ÑãÜ: ,ÜëêÒÜÜÒØ,
3 øæýúùóùÙð? êãß 16 < 1 2008

âÞãÚÒÜÜãØ êÒiéÑÜÀß ä,,ÒÜÒÑÛâãß (äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ + äÛãÝâÒÜ + êÛêÜãß,,ÜÒêÛê), Û ,ÜÒ?ÜÒØ, âÞãÚÒÜÜãØ ,ëiéÑÜÀß ä,,ÒÜÒÑÛâãß (äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ + äÛãÝâÒÜ). ?âêã âã âêããÜÀ âäÞ, ã,,ã,fl ãÇßÜÝ ãÇâêÒê äÛßÒÜã ßÛÝãÜÜãØ ÑãÜãØ â ßÛÝãÞÛêßÛ ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ, Ýãêãfl êãÚÒ ßãÚÒê fl,ÞflêÈâfl ~âêÈ ßÒêâãßêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÝãÞãÜÝÛ. ×ÀÒÞÒÜÛÒ ÑãÜ ÇÛßÒêâãßêÛ~ÒâÝãØ Ýã-

ñãÜ III

ñãÜ II

ñãÜ I

10 ßÝß
úÛâ. 9. ü~âêãÝ ÝØßÀ â ÑãÜßÛ ÇÛßÒêâãßêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÝãÞãÜÝÛ. ñãÜ I - Px + Pl + Ti-Mag; ÑãÜ II - Px + Pl; ÑãÜ III - Px.


34

øÞÒ~ã, Û .

ÞãÜÝÛ Ü ,,ÜÛ^Ò âäÞ, Û ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ äãÝÑÜã Ü Ûâ. 9. ùêÒÞÈÜÀÒ ÑÒÜ ëÜã,,ã ßÛÜÒÞ , Px-Pl ÑãÜÒ, âÝãÒÒ ,âÒ,,ã, fl,Þflêâfl ÒÞÛÝêßÛ Px-Pl-Mag ÑãÜÀ. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, ÇÛßÒêâãßêÛ~ÒâÝÛØ äã^Òââ ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ , ÜÒÑÛêi ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ ßãÚÜã ÑäÛâêÈ , ,ÛÒ âÞÒëÒØ ßÒêâãßêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÝãÞãÜÝÛ:
úã,,ã,fl ãÇßÜÝ Px + Pl + Ti-Mt Px + Pl Px úâäÞ,

øÛ~ÛÜÀ âä ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ , ÜÒÑÛêi ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ üâÞã,Ûfl Þfl ä,,ÒÜÒÑÛâ ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝã, , ã,,ã,ããÇßÜÝã,Ài ÜÒÑÛêi ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ ÇÀÞÛ ãäÒÒÞÒÜÀ ÝÝ 875-925Àû, 3-8 ÝÇ Û ÇãÞÒÒ 6 ßâ. % H2O (ôÛÝ Û ., 1986). ÔÞÈßÒÒ, Û . (2002) äÛ,ãflê ÛäÑãÜ êÒßäÒêë 800-920Àû Û ,ÞÒÜÛÒ ãÝãÞã 6 ÝÇ. ûãÒÚÜÛÒ ,ãÀ , âäÞ,i Ü ëã,ÜÒ 3-4 ßâ. % ÇÀÞã êÝÚÒ ã^ÒÜÒÜã äã âäÞ,ÜÀß ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛflß , äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑi (ýãÞâêÀi Û ., 1999). õÀ ãäÒÒÞflÞÛ ëâÞã,Ûfl ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝã, Ü ãâÜã,Ò âãäãâê,ÞÒÜÛfl ÝãêÒÝêÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÞÛÜÛØ ÝÛâÞã,,ã âäÞ, (ââ~ÛêÜÜÀi äã äã,,ßßÒ MELTS) â ÒÑëÞÈêêßÛ äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑã,,ã,ããÇßÜÝã,ã,,ã ,,ÒãêÒßãßÒê (Holland, Blundy, 1994). × Ý~Òâê,Ò âãâê, âäÞ, ÛâäãÞÈÑã,Þâfl ëâÒÜÒÜÜÀØ âãâê, âäÞ,ÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ , ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜi (êÇÞ. 2). û äãßãÈ äã,,ßßÀ MELTS (Ghiorso, Sack, 1995) ÇÀÞ ââ~ÛêÜ âÒêÝ ÝãêÒÝêÛ~ÒâÝÛi êÒßäÒêë Þfl ÑÞÛ~ÜÀi ,ÞÒÜÛØ Û âãÒÚÜÛØ ,ãÀ. øÛ ÑÜÜãß âãÒÚÜÛÛ ,ãÀ Û êÒßäÒêëÒ, ãäÒÒÞÒÜÜãØ äã (Holland, Blundy, 1994), ÇÀÞã ã^ÒÜÒÜã ,ÞÒÜÛÒ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ. õÛÜÛßÞÈÜãÒ ÝãÞÛ~Òâê,ã ,ãÀ äÛÜÛßÞãâÈ ,ÜÀß 3 ßâ. % (âäÞ, , äãÞÒ ëâêãØ~Û,ãâêÛ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ), ë,ÒÞÛ~ÒÜÛÒ ÑÜÜã,,ã âãÒÚÜÛfl ,ãÀ Ü 0.5 ßâ. % äÛ,ãÛÞã äÛ ãÜãß Û êãß ÚÒ ,ÞÒÜÛÛ Ý ëßÒÜÈ?ÒÜÛ ÝãêÒÝêÛ~ÒâÝÛi êÒßäÒêë Ü 15-20Àû Û Ý äã,À?ÒÜÛ ã^ÒÜÝÛ ,ÞÒÜÛfl Ü 1 ÝÇ. øÛ ÜÜãØ ßÒêãÛÝÒ ßÛÜÛßÞÈÜãÒ ,ÞÒÜÛÒ (5.1 ÝÇ) äãÞë~Ûêâfl äÛ ßÛÜÛßÞÈÜãß âãÒÚÜÛÛ ,ãÀ (3 ßâ. % H2O). æâÞÛ äÛÜflêÈ âãÒÚÜÛfl ,ãÀ, ãäÒÒÞÒÜÜÀÒ ýãÞâêÀi Û . (1999) , âäÞ,ÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfli , äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑi ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 1956 ,,. (3.5-4 ßâ. % H2O), êã êÒßäÒêë ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝã, ÇëÒê ,Ü 890 Á 20ÀC, ,ÞÒÜÛÒ 6 Á 2 ÝÇ. øãÞë~ÒÜÜÀÒ ã^ÒÜÝÛ iãã?ã âã,,Þâëêâfl â ÞÛêÒêëÜÀßÛ ÜÜÀßÛ Û Üiãflêâfl , äãÞÒ ëâêãØ~Û,ãâêÛ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ (ôÛÝ Û ., 1986). ôÝ ÇÀÞã äãÝÑÜã ,À?Ò, , ÜÒÑÛêi ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ ÜÇÞÒêâfl , êÛä âä ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ: ÝØßÀ ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ Û ãÇÞâêÛ ãÇÒßÜã,,ã âä. á,ëäÛãÝâÒÜ-äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ-êÛêÜãß,,ÜÒêÛêã,ÀÒ ä,,ÒÜÒÑÛâÀ, äãiãflÛÒ Þfl ãäÒÒÞÒÜÛfl P-T ëâÞã,ÛØ, ÇÀÞÛ ãÇÜëÚÒÜÀ êãÞÈÝã , ãÇÞâêfli ãÇÒßÜã,,ã âä ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ. × ÝØßi ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜ ãêâëêâê,ëÒê. ùÇÞâêÛ ãÇÒßÜã,,ã âä âÒÝëê ãä^Ûêã,ÀÒ ÝØßÀ, Üã, â ë,,ãØ âêããÜÀ, ãÇÒßÜÀØ âä ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ äã?ÒÞ ÜÒ äãÞÜãâêÈ, ãâêÜã,Û,?ÛâÈ Ü Ü~ÞÈÜãØ âêÛÛ ÛÑßÒÜÒÜÛfl é,,ßÒÜêã, ÑÒÒÜ. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, êÒßäÒêëÀ Û ,ÞÒÜÛfl ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ,,Ò,,êã, ãÇÒßÜã,,ã ÑßÒÒÜÛfl ßã,,ëê ÇÀêÈ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÀ
øæýúùóùÙð? êãß 16 < 1 2008

ðÑ âäÞ, , âêããÜë ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ ßÛ,,ÛëÒê SiO2, ÛÑ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ ,ÀÜãâÛêâfl CaO. ùâêÞÈÜÀÒ ÝãßäãÜÒÜêÀ ,Òëê âÒÇfl âÞãÚÜÀß ãÇÑãß, äÒÒâäÒÒÞflflâÈ äã ÑãÜß ßÒêâãßêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÝãÞãÜÝÛ (Ûâ. 8). üâÞã,Ûfl, ,ÀÑÀ,ÛÒ âä ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ úã,,ã,fl ãÇßÜÝ - âÞãÚÜÀØ ,ããâãÒÚÛØ ÞÒÜêã~ÜÀØ âÛÞÛÝê, ÛßÒÛØ ã,,ÜÛ~ÒÜÜãÒ äãÞÒ ëâêãØ~Û,ãâêÛ , ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝÛi ,,ãÜÀi äããi. áÞfl ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ êÒÇëÒêâfl ÑÜ~ÛêÒÞÈÜãÒ ä^ÛÞÈÜãÒ ,ÞÒÜÛÒ ,ãÀ, ~êã ÒÞÒê ÒÒ ÜÒëâêãØ~Û,ãØ äÛ ,ÞÒÜÛfli ßÒÜÒÒ 1 ÝÇ ÚÒ , ,ããÜâÀÒÜÜãØ âÛâêÒßÒ. ôÝ ÇÀÞã äãÝÑÜã ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÞÈÜã, Ò,,Ñ^Ûfl ß,,ßÀ äÛ ÒÝãßäÒââÛÛ ßãÚÒê äÛ,ÒâêÛ Ý ÜÒâêÇÛÞÈÜãâêÛ ßéÛÇãÞ Û ãâêë ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß (Rutherford, Hill, 1993). ×ÒiÜÛØ äÒÒÞ ëâêãØ~Û,ãâêÛ ßéÛÇãÞ äã êÒßäÒêëÒ êÝÚÒ iãã?ã ÛÑë~ÒÜ ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÞÈÜã , ÑÞÛ~ÜÀi ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝÛi âÛâêÒßi. Ô.Ô. ôÛÝ â âã,êãßÛ (1986) ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÞÈÜã ÛÑë~ÛÞÛ éÑã,ÀÒ ãêÜã?ÒÜÛfl Þfl ÜÒÑÛêã, ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ äÛ ÑÞÛ~ÜÀi ,ÞÒÜÛfli Û âãÒÚÜÛfli ,ãÀ Û äãÝÑÞÛ, ~êã ,ÒiÜÛØ äÒÒÞ ëâêãØ~Û,ãâêÛ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ ÜÒ äÒ,À?Òê 950Àû. ûÞÒã,êÒÞÈÜã, Ü,,Ò, âÛâêÒßÀ ,À?Ò êã,,ã äÒÒÞ äÛ,ÒÒê Ý ÜÒëâêãØ~Û,ãâêÛ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ Û ÒÒ âäë. ÷ÒÝãêãÀÒ ÛââÞÒã,êÒÞÛ (ÜäÛßÒ, Murphy et al., 2000) â~Ûêê, ~êã ÒÝ^Ûfl ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ ßãÚÒê äãiãÛêÈ Ñ â~Òê ãÝÛâÞÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ , ëâÞã,Ûfli ãâê ÝâêëÑÛ,Üã,,ã ÝëäãÞ. øÒÒÞÀ ëâêãØ~Û,ãâêÛ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ , Ñ,ÛâÛßãâêÛ ãê f O2 ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÞÈÜã ÛÑë~ÒÜÀ âÞÇã. ÕÀÞÛ äã,ÒÒÜÀ ÒÛÜÛ~ÜÀÒ ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÀ (Barclay, Carmichael, 2004), ÝãêãÀÒ äãÝÑÞÛ ,ãÑßãÚÜãÒ â?ÛÒÜÛÒ äãÞfl ëâêãØ~Û,ãâêÛ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ ã 1035Àû äÛ ë,ÒÞÛ~ÒÜÛÛ éë,,ÛêÛ,ÜãâêÛ ÝÛâÞãã ã ëã,Üfl NNO + 2 , ,Üã,ÒâÛÛ â âëÇÒÞã~ÜÀß ÜÒÑÛÇÑÞÈêã,Àß âäÞ,ãß, ~êã äãêÛ,ãÒ~Ûê êÛ^ÛãÜÜÀß äÒâê,ÞÒÜÛflß ãÇ ãÇÑã,ÜÛÛ ãä^Ûêã,Ài ÝØß Ñ â~Òê ãÝÛâÞÒÜÛfl âäÞ, Û êÒÇëÒê ãäãÞÜÛêÒÞÈÜã,,ã ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÞÈÜã,,ã ÛÑë~ÒÜÛfl.


úùÙù×?æ ùÕõÔ÷ôð × Ô÷áæñðýÔÿ

35

ÝÝ äÒÒiãÜÀÒ ëâÞã,Ûfl ãê ãâê ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß Ý ãÇÒßÜãßë âäë ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ. ýÒßäÒêë ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ,,Ò,,êã, ãÇÒßÜã,,ã âä ãäÒÒÞflÞâÈ äã ,ëäÛãÝâÒÜã,Àß ,,ÒãêÒßãßÒêß äã ßÒêãÛÝÒ, ãäÛâÜÜãØ , (Pletchov et al., 2005), Û âãâê,ÛÞ 1005 Á 36ÀC. ùäÒÒÞÒÜÜÀÒ ÜßÛ êÒßäÒêëÀ ÒÝ^ÛØ ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ Ü 100Àû ,À?Ò, ~Òß êÒßäÒêëÀ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ä,,ÒÜÒÑÛâ ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝã,. úÑã,,Ò, ßã,, ÇÀêÈ ,ÀÑ,Ü ÛÜÒÝ^ÛÒØ , ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝÛØ ã~,, äã^ÛÛ ,,ãfl~ÒØ, ÇãÞÒÒ ãâÜã,ÜãØ ß,,ßÀ. ýÝãÒ äÒäãÞãÚÒÜÛÒ äãê,ÒÚÒêâfl äã,À?ÒÜÛÒß ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãâêÛ ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ Û ãâÜã,ÜãâêÛ äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ , ÝÒ,Ài ~âêfli ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝã,. á,ÞÒÜÛÒ ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ,,Ò,,êã, ãÇÒßÜã,,ã âä ã^ÒÜÛ,ÞãâÈ äã ßÒêãÛÝÒ, äÒÞãÚÒÜÜãØ , (Nimis, Ulmer, 1998). ?êÛ ,êãÀ ÛâäãÞÈÑëê ÝãÒÞfl^Û ßÒÚë ,ÞÒÜÛÒß ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ Û ãÇÒßãß fl~ÒØÝÛ ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜ, ÝãêãÀØ ãÜÛ ãäÒÒÞflÞÛ , ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÞÈÜÀi Û äÛãÜÀi ãÇÑ^i ÒÜê,,ÒÜãâêëÝêëÜÀß ßÒêããß. áÒØâê,ÛêÒÞÈÜã, ,ÞÒÜÛÒ fl,ÞflÒêâfl ,,Þ,ÜÀß éÝêããß, ,ÞÛflÛß Ü ãÇÒß ÞÒßÒÜêÜãØ fl~ÒØÝÛ ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜ, iÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛØ âãâê, ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑëÒ,,ãâfl ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜ fl,ÞflÒêâfl Ñ,ÛâÛßÀß äßÒêãß Û ÇëÒê ãäÒÒÞflêÈâfl ÝÝ ãäëâêÛßÀß ãÇÒßãß fl~ÒØÝÛ, êÝ Û âãâê,ãß âäÞ,. øÝêÛ~ÒâÝãÒ äÛßÒÜÒÜÛÒ êãØ ßÒêãÛÝÛ â,ãÛêâfl Ý ã^ÒÜÝÒ âêëÝêëÜÀi äßÒêã, ÞÒßÒÜêÜãØ fl~ÒØÝÛ ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜ äã Ò,,ã âãâê,ë, ÑêÒß - ã^ÒÜÝÒ ,ÞÒÜÛfl ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ äã ãÇÒßë ÞÒßÒÜêÜãØ fl~ÒØÝÛ. ÷ÛÇãÞÈ?fl ÜÒãäÒÒÞÒÜÜãâêÈ ÑÝÞ~Òêâfl , ã^ÒÜÝÒ ãÇÒß ÞÒßÒÜêÜãØ fl~ÒØÝÛ, äãâÝãÞÈÝë , ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜi ,ãÑßãÚÜÀ ÑÜÀÒ âiÒßÀ ÛÑãßãéÛÑß. ø. ÷ÛßÛâ â âã,êãßÛ äÒÞãÚÛÞÛ ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝã ,ÛÜêã, ÝÞÛÇã,ãÝ ã^ÒÜÝÛ âêëÝêëÜÀi äßÒêã, ÞÒßÒÜêÜãØ fl~ÒØÝÛ ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜ Þfl ãâÜã,ÜÀi ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝÛi âÛâêÒß. áÞfl â~Òêã, ßÀ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÞÛ ÝÞÛÇã,Ýë, äÒÞãÚÒÜÜë Þfl ÛÑ,ÒâêÝã,ã-ÒÞã~ÜÀi âäÞ,ã, (Nimis, Ulmer, 1998), ÝÝ ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ äãiãflë Þfl ãâêã,ãëÚÜÀi âÛâêÒß. úââ~ÛêÜÜÀÒ äã 5 ÑÒÜß ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜ ,ÞÒÜÛfl ÞÒÚê , ëÑÝãß ÛäÑãÜÒ ãê 6.1 ã 6.7 ÝÇ, âÒÜÒÒ 6.4 ÝÇ. ÷ÛßÛâ Û üÞÈßÒ (1998) äÛ,ãflê äã,,Ò?ÜãâêÈ Þfl ÜÜãØ ÝÞÛÇã,ÝÛ 1.7 ÝÇ. øÛßÒÜÒÜÛÒ ë,,Ûi äÒÞ,,ÒßÀi ÝÞÛÇã,ãÝ (Nimis, Ulmer, 1998) Òê ,ÞÒÜÛfl ÜÒ ÜÛÚÒ 5 ÝÇ. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, ßãÚÜã äÒäãÞãÚÛêÈ, ~êã ,ÞÒÜÛÒ 6.4 Á 1.7 ÝÇ , ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝãØ âÛâêÒßÒ ,ã ,Òßfl âä ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ , äÒÒÞi êã~ÜãâêÛ ßÒêã âããê,Òêâê,ëÒê ,ÞÒÜÛ ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ä,,ÒÜÒÑÛâ ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝã,, ê.Ò. ÒÝ^ÛÛ ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ , ÜÒÑÛêi ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ äãiãÛÞÛ , ÛÑãÇÛ~ÒâÝÛi ëâÞã,Ûfli Û ÜÒ â,flÑÜÀ â ÒÝãßäÒââÛÒØ ß,,ßÀ Û Ò,,Ñ^ÛÒØ äÛ ,ÞÒÜÛfli ßÒÜÒÒ 1 ÝÇ, ÝÝ ÇÀÞã äÒÞãÚÒÜã , (Rutherford, Hill, 1993) Þfl ,ëÞÝÜ
øæýúùóùÙð? êãß 16 < 1 2008

á,ÞÒÜÛÒ, ÝÇ 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 750 790 830

×ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝÛ

870

910

úÛâ. 10. üâÞã,Ûfl ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ , ÜÒÑÛêi ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,. ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ. øflßãë,,ãÞÈÜÛÝßÛ ,ÀÒÞÒÜÀ ãÇÞâêÛ P-T äßÒêã, éãßÛã,ÜÛfl ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝã, Û ßÛÜÒÞã, ãä^Ûêã,Ài ÝØß. ûäÞã?ÜãØ ÞÛÜÛÒØ äãÝÑÜã äãÞÒ ëâêãØ~Û,ãâêÛ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ äã (Rutherford, Hill, 1993).

ûÒÜê-ÿÒÞÒÜâ. úÒÑÝãÒ ãÝÛâÞÒÜÛÒ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ Ñ â~Òê ÝãÜêÝê â êßãâéÒÜÀß ÝÛâÞãããß êÝÚÒ ,À,,ÞflÛê ßÞã,ÒãflêÜÀß Ü ,,ÞëÇÛÜi ÇãÞÒÒ 20 Ýß. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, ,,Þ,ÜãØ äÛ~ÛÜãØ, ,ÀÑ,,?ÒØ âä ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ , ÜÒÑÛêi ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ, fl,ÞflÒêâfl ÛÑãÇÛ~ÒâÝÛØ Ü,,Ò, ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ã~,, ãê 890 ã 1005ÀC (Ûâ. 10). õãÜãâêÛ ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß Û Ûi ÛÜêÒäÒê^Ûfl úÒÑëÞÈêêÀ ÛÑßÒÒÜÛØ ßãÜãâêÒØ ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß Ü ÑÒÜi ÑÞÛ~ÜãØ ãÛÒÜêÛã,ÝÛ äÒâê,ÞÒÜÀ , êÇÞ. 1. ÷Òâßãêfl Ü ÑÞÛ~Ûfl , ßãéãÞã,,ÛÛ ,,Ò,,êã,, ãÇÑã,,?Ûiâfl , ÒÑëÞÈêêÒ ÒÝ^ÛÛ ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ, äã ÑÞÛ~ÜÀß ÝÛâêÞÞã,,éÛ~ÒâÝÛß Üä,ÞÒÜÛflß, ßãÜãâêÈ ÝØß ÜÒ Ñ,ÛâÛê (, äÒÒÞi ã?ÛÇÝÛ ÛÑßÒÒÜÛØ) ãê ÝÛâêÞÞã,,éÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã Üä,ÞÒÜÛfl, , Ýãêããß ãÜÛ Ñ,Û,êâfl. ×ÀÒÚÜÜãâêÈ ßãÜãâêÒØ ÝØß Þfl ,âÒi ÛââÞÒã,ÜÜÀi ÑÒÒÜ äãÝÑÀ,Òê, ~êã äã^Òââ ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ÇÀÞ ÛÜÛ^ÛÛã,Ü äÝêÛ~ÒâÝÛ ãÜã,ÒßÒÜÜã Û ÜÒ Ñ,ÛâÒÞ ãê ßÒâêãäãÞãÚÒÜÛfl ÑÒÜ , ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝãß ã~,,Ò. ù^ÒÜÝ ,ÒßÒÜÛ éãßÛã,ÜÛfl ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß äãÛÑ,ãÛÞâÈ äã ÒÑëÞÈêêß ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêã, (Rutherford, Hill, 1993; Rutherford, Devine, 2003) (Ûâ. 11). õÒêã úëÑÒéã â âã,êãßÛ (Rutherford, Hill, 1993; Rutherford, Devine, 2003) ãâÜã,Ü Ü ÒÝãßäÒââÛãÜÜÀi ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêi, ßãÒÞÛëÛi äãÒß ß,,ßÀ äÛ ÝãÜÝÒêÜãß ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛÛ. ôÝ ÇÀÞã äãÝÑÜã ,À?Ò, ÝØßÀ ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ ãÇÑëêâfl äÛ ÛÑãÇÛ~ÒâÝÛi ëâÞã,Ûfli. þÝêããß, ÝãÜêãÞÛëÛß âÝããâêÈ ãâê ÝØß, fl,ÞflÒêâfl
3*

Hbl Px + Pl + Mag

ôØß

950 990 1030 ýÒßäÒêë, ÀC


36 õãÜãâêÈ, ßÝß 70

øÞÒ~ã, Û .

60 50

40 Ç 30 ,

20 a 10 ,, 0 4 8 12 16 20 ×Òßfl, âëê

úÛâ. 11. ÙéÛÝÛ Ñ,ÛâÛßãâêÛ ßãÜãâêÛ ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß ãê ,ÒßÒÜÛ Ûi ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl. üâÞã,Ûfl äã,ÒÒÜÛfl ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêã,: - 900Àû, 90 õø; Ç - 900Àû, 160-2 õø; , - 900Àû, 220-2 õø; ,, - 900Àû, 20 õø. úÒÑëÞÈêêÀ ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêã, (Rutherford, Hill, 1993; Rutherford, Devine, 2003).

ëÝêi ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,. äãÑ,ãÞflÒê äãÜã,ãßë ââßãêÒêÈ äãâÞÒã,êÒÞÈÜãâêÈ ,ëÞÝÜÛ~ÒâÝÛi âãÇÀêÛØ, äÒ?Òâê,ã,,?Ûi ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛ. ðÜÒÝ^Ûfl ,,ãfl~ÒØ ß,,ßÀ , ã~,,, ,ÀÑ,,?fl ãä^ÛêÛÑ^Û ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ, ßã,,Þ äãÛÑãØêÛ , éÒ,ÞÒ-ßêÒ 1956 ,,., êã,, ÝÝ äÒ,ÀÒ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl ,ëÞÝÜ ÇÀÞÛ ÑéÛÝâÛã,ÜÀ 22 ãÝêflÇfl 1955 ,,., Û âÒÛfl ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛØ, âãäã,ãÚ,?Ûiâfl äÒäÞãäßÛ, äããÞÚÞâÈ êãÞÈÝã ã ÝãÜ^ ÜãflÇfl. × äÒäÞi êÛi ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛØ âÒÛ êÒßÜã^,ÒêÜÀi ßÛÜÒÞã, äÒãÇÞÞ ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ (Ùã?Ýã,, Õã,,ãfl,ÞÒÜâÝfl, 1965), , äãëÝêi ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,. ã,,ã,fl ãÇßÜÝ fl,Üã ãßÛÜÛëÒê Ü ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜãß. û ÜãflÇfl 1955 ,,. äã ßê 1956 ,,. , ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝãß ã~,,Ò ãÞÚÜÀ ÇÀÞÛ äãÛÑãØêÛ âëÒâê,ÒÜÜÀÒ ÛÑßÒÜÒÜÛfl, ,ÀÑ,,?ÛÒ âßÒÜë ä,,ÒÜÒÑÛâ ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝã,. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, ,ëÞÝÜÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ âãÇÀêÛfl 1955 ,,. ÜÒ â,flÑÜÀ Üäflßë â äã^ÒââßÛ , ã~,,Ò äÒÒ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛÒß 30 ßê 1956 ,,., ãÜÝã äã^Ûfl ß,,ßÀ, ,ÀÑ,,?fl êÛ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl, ßã,,Þ ÝêÛ,ÛÑÛã,êÈ ãÞ,,ãÚÛ,ëÛØ ã~,, äã ,ëÞÝÜãß ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ Û ,ÀÑ,êÈ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^Û ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝã, ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ. × éÒ,ÞÒ- ßêÒ 1956 ,,. ÛÜÒÝ^Ûfl Üã,ãØ äã^ÛÛ ß,,ßÀ ,ÀÑ,Þ âëÒâê,ÒÜÜÀØ äã,,Ò, ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ã~,,, ãä^ÛêÛÑ^Û ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ, ãÇÑã,ÜÛÒ ,ÜÒ?ÜÛi ÑãÜ ,ÝäÞÒÜÜÛÝã, ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ Û äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ â ãÇêÜãØ ÑãÜÞÈÜãâêÈ Û, , ÝãÜÒ~Üãß Ûêã,,Ò, ÝêâêãéÛ~ÒâÝãÒ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛÒ 30 ßê 1956 ,,. ×À,ãÀ

âÝããâêÈ ÛééëÑÛÛ ÝãßäãÜÒÜêã, ~ÒÒÑ ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜë ÝØßë (Coombs, Gardner, 2004). õÀ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÞÛ ë,ÜÒÜÛÒ, âiãÜãÒ â ë,ÜÒÜÛÒß ÛééëÑÛÛ: t = t0 + X 2/D, (1) ,,Ò t - ,Òßfl, âëê; X - ßãÜãâêÈ ÝØßÀ, ßÝß; t0 - ,Òßfl äãÝãfl, âëê; D - ÝãééÛ^ÛÒÜê. õÒêããß ÜÛßÒÜÈ?Ûi Ý,êã, äã ÛÑãÇÛ~ÒâÝÛß ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêß (Rutherford, Hill, 1993; Rutherford, Devine, 2003) ÇÀÞÛ ãäÒÒÞÒÜÀ ßÝâÛßÞÈÜã ,ãÑßãÚÜÀÒ ÛäÑãÜÀ Þfl D (23.6-209.3 ßÝß2/âëê, ~êã âããê,Òêâê,ëÒê 2.7 ç 10-16-2.0 ç 10-15 ß2/â) Û t0 (2-5 âëê). úâ~Òê ,ÒßÒÜÛ ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ÝØß ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,. ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ â ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÛÒß ßÝâÛßÞÈÜã Û ßÛÜÛßÞÈÜã ,ãÑßãÚÜÀi ÑÜ~ÒÜÛØ t0 Û D äÛ,ãÛê Ý ã^ÒÜÝÒ 4-37 âëê. ðÜêÒäÒê^Ûfl ,ëÞÝÜÛ~ÒâÝÛi âãÇÀêÛØ, äÒ?Òâê,ã,,?Ûi ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛ 30 ßê 1956 ,,. øãÞë~ÒÜÜfl ã^ÒÜÝ ,ÒßÒÜÛ ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØß ,ãÝë,, ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ , äã-

1. úÒÝ^ÛÛ âä ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ , ÜÒÑÛêi ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 1956 ,,. ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ ßã,,ëê ÇÀêÈ äãÑÒÞÒÜÀ Ü , ãâÜã,ÜÀi êÛä: ÝØßÀ ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ Û ÒÝ^ÛÛ ãÇÒßÜã,,ã âä. 2. ôØßÀ ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ ãÇÑã,ÞÛâÈ ,âÞÒâê,ÛÒ ÇÛßÒêâãßêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÒÝ^ÛÛ ã,,ã,ãØ ãÇßÜÝÛ Û âäÞ, â ãÇÑã,ÜÛÒß ÑãÜÞÈÜãâêÛ: ã,,ã,fl ãÇßÜÝ Px + Pl + Ti-Mag Px + + Pl Px âäÞ,, äÛ ÝãêããØ äãÛâiãÛÞ ,ÀÜãâ CaO Û äÛ,Üãâ SiO2 , ÒÝ^ÛãÜÜÀi ÝØßi ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã âãâê,ã, ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ. ÷äãêÛ,, ÒÝ^ÛÛ ãÇÒßÜã,,ã âä äãiãÛÞÛ , äã~êÛ ÛÑãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛi ëâÞã,Ûfli Û âã,,Þâëêâfl â ÒÝ^ÛflßÛ, äÒÞãÚÒÜÜÀßÛ , (Buckley et al., 2006). 3. ùÇÑã,ÜÛÒ ÝØß ãä^ÛêÛÑ^ÛÛ äãÛâiãÛÞã , ÛÑãÇÛ~ÒâÝÛi ëâÞã,Ûfli. ÙÞ,ÜãØ äÛ~ÛÜãØ ÜÒâêÇÛÞÈÜãâêÛ ã,,ã,Ài ãÇßÜãÝ äãâÞëÚÛÞ Ü,,Ò, ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ã~,, ãê 890 ã 1005Àû ,âÞÒâê,ÛÒ ÛÜÒÝ^ÛÛ äã^ÛÛ ÇãÞÒÒ ,,ãfl~ÒØ ß,,ßÀ. 4. ×Òßfl, äã?Ò?ÒÒ ãê ,ÜÒÒÜÛfl äã^ÛÛ ,,ãfl~ÒØ ß,,ßÀ , ã~,, Û ã Ü~Þ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛfl 30 ßê 1956 ,,., ÜÒ äÒ,À?Òê 4-37 âëê. ?äÛÑã
øæýúùóùÙð? êãß 16 < 1 2008


úùÙù×?æ ùÕõÔ÷ôð × Ô÷áæñðýÔÿ

37

ÝêÛ,ÜãâêÛ ,ëÞÝÜ ÕÒÑÀßflÜÜÀØ , ãÝêflÇÒ-ÜãflÇÒ 1955 ,,. ÜÒ â,flÑÜ Üäflßë â ÝêâêãéÛ~ÒâÝÛß ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÛÒß 30 ßê 1956 ,,. ÕÞ,,ãÜãâêÛ. Ô,êãÀ ÇÞ,,ãÜÀ ó.×. áÜ?Ò,âÝãßë (ëÜÛ,ÒâÛêÒê ýâßÜÛÛ) Ñ äÒãâê,ÞÒÜÜë ,ãÑßãÚÜãâêÈ ÒêÞÈÜÀi ßÛÝãÑãÜã,Ài ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛØ Û äÞããê,ãÜÀÒ ãÇâëÚÒÜÛfl Û Ù.ð. áããiã,ãØ (õÙü) Ñ äãßãÈ äÛ ÛÜêÒäÒê^ÛÛ ÝÛâêÞÞã,,éÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÜÜÀi. Ô,êãÀ ÇÞ,,ãflê Ô.×. ÙÛÜÛâ (ðÙ?õ úÔ÷) Ñ ^ÒÜÜÀÒ ÝãÜâêëÝêÛ,ÜÀÒ ÑßÒ~ÜÛfl, âÒÞÜÜÀÒ , iãÒ Ò^ÒÜÑÛã,ÜÛfl âêêÈÛ. úÇãê ,ÀäãÞÜÒÜ äÛ äãÒÚÝÒ äã,,ßßÀ øÒÑÛÒÜê úþ "×ÒëÛÒ Üë~ÜÀÒ ?ÝãÞÀ úãââÛÛ" (,,Üê 5338.2006.5, ëÝ. ó.ó. øÒ~ëÝ), ,,Üê Royal Society Û äãÒÝê úþþð < 05-01-02901?þ_. ûäÛâãÝ ÞÛêÒêëÀ
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