Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://geo.web.ru/~ariskin/docs/papers/p07_072ru.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Thu Oct 23 14:46:56 2008 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Wed Jan 14 05:47:17 2009 Êîäèðîâêà: ISO8859-5

Ùæùÿðõð?, 2007, < 5, â. 1-16

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? 2007 ,,. Ô. Ô. ÔÛâÝÛÜ
*ðÜâêÛêëê ,,ÒãiÛßÛÛ Û ÜÞÛêÛ~ÒâÝãØ iÛßÛÛ Ûß. ×.ð.×ÒÜâÝã,,ã úÔ÷ 119991 õãâÝ,, ëÞ. ôãâÀ,,ÛÜ19
øãâêëäÛÞ , ÒÝ^Û 25.11.2005 ,,.

øÒâê,ÞÒÜ ãÇÑã ,,ÛäãêÒÑ ÜÜÒØ ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ óëÜÀ Û äÒêã,,ÒÜÒêÛ~ÒâÝÛi äã^Òââã,, ãê,Òêâê,ÒÜÜÀi Ñ éãßÛã,ÜÛÒ ãÛêÒÞÈâÝÛi ß,,ß ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãØ â,ÛêÀ ßêÒÛÝã,ãØ ÝãÀ. ùÇâëÚÒêâfl ,ÚÜfl ãÞÈ ,,ÛÇÛÛÑ^ÛÛ äÒ,Û~ÜÀi ß,,ß, â,flÑÜÜãØ â äÒãÇÑã,ÜÛÒß äãëÝêã, äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl Û ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ âëÇiãÜÛêã,ãØ ßÜêÛÛ Ñ â~Òê ââÛßÛÞfl^ÛÛ ÜãêãÑÛêã,. øÒäãÞ,,Òêâfl, ~êã êÛ äã^ÒââÀ äãêÒÝÞÛ ãÜã,ÒßÒÜÜã â ÝãÜâãÞÛ^ÛÒØ ÜãêãÑÛêã,ãØ ÝãÀ Û äÛ,ÒÞÛ Ý ãÇÑã,ÜÛ ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀi ß,,ß, fl,Û,?Ûiâfl Ûâêã~ÜÛÝãß êãÝêãÞÛêã,, ÜãÛêã, Û ,,ÇÇãÜãÛêã,. øÛ äãßãÛ âÝãÒÝêÛã,ÜÜãØ ,ÒâÛÛ ßãÒÞÛ õæýæùõùá äã,ÒÒÜÀ â~ÒêÀ, äãÑ,ãÞflÛÒ ã^ÒÜÛêÈ âãâê, äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài âäÞ,ã,, ãê,Ò~Ûi ,Üã,ÒâÛ â ãÞÛ,ÛÜãß Fo88 Û Fo91. úÑÞÛ~Ûfl , iÛßÛÑßÒ ßãÒÞÈÜÀi âäÞ,ã, ÛÜêÒäÒêÛëêâfl â ë~Òêãß ,Û^ÛØ êÒßäÒêëÀ Û âãâê, äÒ,Û~ÜÀi ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀi ÚÛÝãâêÒØ, ÝãêãÀÒ ââÛßÛÞÛã,ÞÛ ÇÞÛÑÝÛØ äã âãâê,ë äãÞÒ,ã?äêã,ÀØ ßêÒÛÞ. øãÞë~ÒÜÜÀÒ ÜÜÀÒ ßã,,ëê ÇÀêÈ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÀ Þfl äãâêãÒÜÛfl Û ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛfl êÒßãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝãØ ßãÒÞÛ ââÛßÛÞfl^ÛÛ, ,ÝÞ~ÒØ ÜÜÀÒ ã âãâê,Ò, êÒäÞãÒßÝãâêÛ Û êÒäÞãêß éÑã,Ài äÒÒiãã, Þfl Ò,,ÒÜêã, Û äãëÝêã, ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ, âãäã,ãÚÒØ ~âêÛ~ÜãÒ âê,ãÒÜÛÒ ÜãêãÑÛêã, , ,ÀâãÝãêÒßäÒêëÜÀi ß,,ßi.

øãÇÞÒßÀ ÛÜêÒäÒê^ÛÛ ,ÜëêÒÜÜÒ,,ã âêãÒÜÛfl óëÜÀ â,flÑÜÀ â ã^ÒÜÝãØ âÒÜÒ,,ã âãâê, äÞÜÒêÜã,,ã êÒÞ Û Ò,,ã ,,Þ,ÜÀi ãÇãÞã~ÒÝ, ,ÀflâÜÒÜÛÒß ßÒiÜÛÑßã, Û ëâÞã,ÛØ ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ ÜÒ, êÝÚÒ âäÒ^ÛéÛÝÛ éãßÛã,ÜÛfl ,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÒÑÒ,ëã,, ãê,Ò~Ûi Ûâêã~ÜÛÝß ßêÒÛÝã,Ài Û ßãâÝÛi ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝÛi äãã. ùâãÇãÒ ßÒâêã , êãß flë ÑÜÛßê ,ãäãâÀ éãßÛã,ÜÛfl äÒ,Û~ÜãØ ÞëÜÜãØ ÝãÀ, ãÇÑã,ÜÛÒ ÝãêããØ ßãÚÒê ÛßÒêÈ ÜÞã,,ÛÛ â äã^ÒââßÛ, äãêÒÝ,?ÛßÛ Ü ÜÜÛi âêÛfli ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ ñÒßÞÛ [1, 2]. øÛÜflêã â~ÛêêÈ, ~êã âÒÜflfl ßãÜãâêÈ âã,ÒßÒÜÜãØ ÞëÜÜãØ ÝãÀ âãâê,ÞflÒê ~60 Ýß Ü ,ÛÛßãØ âêããÜÒ óëÜÀ Û ßãÚÒê äÒ,À?êÈ 100 Ýß Ü ãÇêÜãØ âêããÜÒ [3]. ?êÛ ã^ÒÜÝÛ ãâÜã,ÜÀ Ü ,,ÒãéÛÑÛ~ÒâÝÛi Û ,,,ÛßÒêÛ~ÒâÝÛi ßãÒÞfli, ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÜÀi , 70-Ò ,,ãÀ. × äãâÞÒÜÒÒ ,Òßfl ÜßÒêÛÞâÈ êÒÜÒÜ^Ûfl äÒÒâßãê âÒØâßÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÜÜÀi ßÛââÛÛ ÔäãÞÞãÜ Û äãÜÛÚÒÜÛfl ,,ÜÛ^À Ýã-ßÜêÛfl ã 45-30 Ýß [4, 5]. × ÞÇãß âÞë~Ò ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜÀØ ãÇÒß ÞëÜÜãØ ÝãÀ ÜÒ äÒ,À?Òê 8-10% ãê ãÇÒ,,ã ãÇÒß óëÜÀ. ûêãÒÜÛÒ ÝãÀ äã ÞêÒÞÛ Û ,ÒêÛÝÞÛ ÜÒãÜããÜã. øããÀ äã,ÒiÜãâêÛ äÒâê,Þflê ÇÒÝ~Ûã,ÜÜÀØ ßêÒÛÞ Ò,ÜÛi ßêÒÛÝã,Ài ãÇÞâêÒØ Û ÇÑÞÈêÀ ÇãÞÒÒ ßãÞãÀi ßãâÝÛi ÇââÒØÜã, (, âããêÜã?ÒÜÛÛ äÞãÒØ ~83/17). û ë~Òêãß ,,ÞëÇÛÜÀ ÑäãÞÜÒÜÜÀi ÇÑÞÈêã,ÀßÛ Þ,ßÛ ÒäÒââÛØ ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜÀØ ,ÝÞ "ßãâÝã,,ã ÝãßäãÜÒÜê" , ãÇë ßââë ÝãÀ ÜÒ äÒ,À?Òê 1% [6].
1

× ,ÒêÛÝÞÈÜãß ÑÒÑÒ êÛ^ÛãÜÜã ,ÀÒÞflê ",ÒiÜ" Û "ÜÛÚÜ" Ýãë [7]. ýÝãÒ ÑÒÞÒÜÛÒ ÇÑÛëÒêâfl Ü ÝãßÇÛÜ^ÛÛ ÒÑëÞÈêêã, äÒêãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝÛi ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛØ â ÜÜÀßÛ ,,ÒãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝÛi Û ,,ÒãéÛÑÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÜÇÞÒÜÛØ. ?ÛãÝfl âäãâêÜÒÜÜãâêÈ ãâÜã,Üã,,ã äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ (An96-99, ,äÞãêÈ ã ßãÜãßÛÜÒÞÈÜÀi ÜãêãÑÛêã,) , äãÞÛßÛÝêã,Ài ÇÒÝ~Ûfli, äÛâêÛÜÜÀi ãÇÑ^i Û Ò,,ãÞÛêÒ ÛÑ ßêÒÛÝã,Ài ßÒâê äãâãÝ âäëâÝÒßÀi ääêã, fl,ÛÞâÈ ãâÜã,ÜÛÒß Þfl ,À,ã ãÇ "ÜãêãÑÛêã,ãß" âãâê,Ò ÞëÜÜÀi äÞêã Û ,,ãÛâêÀi ãÇÞâêÒØ, , âãâê,Ò ÝãêãÀi äÒãÇÞê äãÞÒ,ã?äêã,ÀÒ äããÀ â âãÒÚÜÛÒß 26-28 ßâ. % Al2O3 [7, 8]. û ãäÒÒÞÒÜÜÀßÛ ã,,ã,ãÝßÛ êãê âãâê, äÛäÛâÀ,ê ,âÒØ ÑãÜÒ êÒÛÜã,êãâêÛ Û ÇÒÝ~Ûã,ÜÛfl äãã, Ýãêãfl âäãâêÜflÒêâfl ã ,,ÞëÇÛÜ ãÝãÞã 20 Ýß Û ãêãÚÒâê,ÞflÒêâfl â ,ÒiÜÒØ ÝããØ óëÜÀ [9, 10]. øÒâê,ÞÒÜÛfl ã âãâê,Ò ÜÛÚÜÒØ ÝãÀ ê ÒÑëÞÈêêÀ ÛÑë~ÒÜÛfl ßêÒÛÞ ,ÀÇãâã, ÛÑ ÝëäÜÀi ÝêÒã,. ?êÛ ÜÜÀÒ ëÝÑÀ,ê Ü ßÒÜÒÒ ,,ÞÛÜãÑÒßÛâêÀØ âãâê, (~20% Al2O3, Üä. [11]) Û ë,ÒÞÛ~ÒÜÛÒ ÝãÞÛ~Òâê, äÛãÝâÒÜ äã Üä,ÞÒÜÛ Ý ,,ÜÛ^Ò Ýã-ßÜêÛfl. úÒÑëÞÈêêÀ ÛâêÜ^ÛãÜÜã,,ã ÑãÜÛã,ÜÛfl äÛ ,ÀäãÞÜÒÜÛÛ ßÛââÛÛ ôÞÒßÒÜêÛÜÀ ,ÜÒâÞÛ ãäãÞÜÛêÒÞÈÜë ÝãÒÝ^Û , äÒâê,ÞÒÜÜÀÒ ã^ÒÜÝÛ [12]. ÔÜÞÛÑ ßëÞÈêÛâäÒÝêÞÈÜÀi ÛÑãÇÚÒÜÛØ ^ÒÜêÞÈÜÀi ,,ããÝ ÛÑ 109 ÝëäÜÀi ëÜÀi ÝêÒã, (ÛßÒêãß 40-180 Ýß) äãÑ,ãÞÛÞ ÒêÞÛÑÛã,êÈ ßÛÜÒÞÈÜÀØ âãâê, äãã , ÛÜêÒ,ÞÒ ,,ÞëÇÛÜ ~5-30 Ýß (äã ßêÒÛÝßÛ) Û ~25-55 Ýß


2 mg# (Ol, Opx, Pig) 100 1 2 3 90 4 5 80 70 60 50 40 82

ÔÛâÝÛÜ

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98 100 An, ßãÞ. %

úÛâ. 1. ÕÛßãÞÈÜãâêÈ âãâê,ã, äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ Û éÒßÛ~ÒâÝÛi ßÛÜÒÞã, , éÒãÜãêãÑÛêi Û äããi ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãØ äÞëêãÜÛ~ÒâÝãØ â,ÛêÀ ßêÒÛÝã,ãØ ÝãÀ óëÜÀ. ÙéÛÝ äãâêãÒÜ Þfl äÛâêÛÜÜÀi ãÇÑ^ã, ßââãØ >0.1 ,, [16]: 1 - éÒãÜãêãÑÛêÀ (>95% An , äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑÒ); ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜfl â,Ûê (>85% An , äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑÒ): 2 - ëÜÛê, 3 - êãÝêãÞÛêÀ (mg# > 80), 4 - ÜãÛêÀ (mg# > 75), 5 - ,,ÇÇãÜãÛêÀ (mg# > 60).

ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, äãÇÞÒß Ñ,,ÜÛ~ÒÜÛfl é,,ßÒÜêã, äãã Üã,,ÒÜÜã,,ã äãÛâiãÚÒÜÛfl ãê äãëÝêã, ëÜã,,ã âßÒ?ÒÜÛfl Û äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl äÒâê,ÞflÒê âÞãÚÜë Ñ~ë, Ýãêãë ÜÒ ,âÒ,, ëÒêâfl Ò?ÛêÈ ãÜãÑÜ~Üã. × Ý~Òâê,Ò ,,Þ,Üã,,ã ÝÛêÒÛfl Þfl ,ÀÒÞÒÜÛfl äãã, ÜÒÝãÜêßÛÜÛã,ÜÜÀi ßêÒÛÞãß ëÜÛÝ, ÇÀÞã äÒÞãÚÒÜã ÛâäãÞÈÑã,êÈ ÜÛÑÝÛÒ âãÒÚÜÛfl âÛÒãéÛÞÈÜÀi ÞÒßÒÜêã, - Ü ëã,ÜÒ ÜÒ ÇãÞÒÒ 3 ç 10-4 CI [15]. áãäãÞÜÛêÒÞÈÜã ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÞÛâÈ âêëÝêëÜã-äÒêã,,éÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ, ÛÑãêãäÜÀÒ Û ÜÒÝãêãÀÒ ë,,ÛÒ iÝêÒÛâêÛÝÛ. × ÒÑëÞÈêêÒ êÛi Çãê ÇÀÞ äÒâê,ÞÒÜ âäÛâãÝ ÛÑ 260 äÛâêÛÜÜÀi (pristine) ãÇÑ^ã, Û é,,ßÒÜêã,, ÝãêãÀÒ â ,ÀâãÝãØ ,ÒãflêÜãâêÈ ÛßÒê äÒ,Û~Üã-ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝãÒ äãÛâiãÚÒÜÛÒ Û ÜÒ ÜÒâëê äÛÑÜÝã, ÑÜ~ÛßãØ ÝãÜêßÛÜ^ÛÛ ÛÞÛ äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl ÛâiãÜã,,ã ßêÒÛÞ [16]. ÕãÞÈ?ÛÜâê,ã êÛi é,,ßÒÜêã, ÛßÒê ßÞÀØ ÑßÒ: âÒÛ ãÇÑ^ã, â ,ÀâãÝÛß ÝãééÛ^ÛÒÜêãß "äÛâêÛÜÜãâêÛ" 7-9 êãÞÈÝã 46 ÛßÒê ßââë ÇãÞÒÒ 1 ,, [13]. ÙÞ,Üfl ãâãÇÒÜÜãâêÈ êãØ ,ÀÇãÝÛ - ãê~ÒêÞÛ,fl ÇÛßãÞÈÜãâêÈ, Ýãêãfl äãfl,ÞÒÜ Ü Û,,ßßÒ âãâê, äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ (% An) - ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãâêÈ éÒßÛ~ÒâÝÛi ßÛÜÒÞã, (mg#), Ûâ. 1. ?êã ,,éÛÝ äãâêãÒÜ äã ÜÜÀß [16] Þfl ãÇÑ^ã, ßââãØ ÇãÞÒÒ 0.1 ,,. ôãÜêâêÜãâêÈ äãã ÞëÜÜãØ ÝãÀ ,ÀÚÒêâfl , ÜÞÛ~ÛÛ ,ëi ,,Þ,ÜÀi âã,ãÝëäÜãâêÒØ, äÒâê,ÞÒÜÜÀi: (1) ,ÒêÛÝÞÈÜÀß êÒÜãß ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãâêÛ äÛãÝâÒÜã, (42 < mg# < 75) , ëÑÝãß ÛäÑãÜÒ ãâÜã,ÜãâêÛ äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ (96-99% An) Û (2) êÒÜãß ÜãßÞÈÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛãÜÜãØ ,ãÞ^ÛÛ, iÝêÒÛÑëÒØâfl âãäflÚÒÜÜÀßÛ ÛÑßÒÜÒÜÛflßÛ âãâê, ßÛÜÒÞã,. ?êÛ ÝãßäãÑÛ^ÛãÜÜÀÒ âããêÜã?ÒÜÛfl ÝãÒÞÛëê â ßãÞÈÜÀß âãâê,ãß äÛâêÛÜÜÀi ãÇÑ^ã,: äÒ,ë ,,ëääë âãâê,Þflê éÒãÜãêãÑÛêÀ, âãÒÚÛÒ ÝÝ ä,ÛÞã ÇãÞÒÒ 95% äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ (FAS), ,êãë - äããÀ ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãØ â,ÛêÀ (HMS). ÷ ÜÜÒß êäÒ äÒêãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝÛi ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛØ , Mg-â,Ûêë ,ÝÞ~ÞÛ ëÜÛêÀ, êãÝêãÞÛêÀ, ÜãÛêÀ Û ,,ÇÇãÜãÛêÀ. × äãâÞÒëÒß Ý êãØ ,ÜÒäãâêÜâê,ÒÜÜãØ "ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝãØ âÒÛÛ" âêÞÛ ãêÜãâÛêÈ ÇãÞÒÒ ÒÝÛÒ Û ÞÒ,,ÝãäÞ,ÝÛÒ äãëÝêÀ ,ãÞ^ÛÛ Ýãã,ã,,ã ß,,ßêÛÑß, ,ÝÞ~fl ÜãêãÑÛêÀ, ÜãÛêÀ, ,,ÇÇãÛÀ Û ßãÜ^ãÛãÛêÀ êÝ ÜÑÀ,ÒßãØ "ÒÞã~ÜãØ â,ÛêÀ" - HAS, êÝÚÒ ÜÒÝãêãÀÒ ,,ÞÛÜãÑÒßÛâêÀÒ Û KREEP-ÇÑÞÈêÀ [13]. øÒêãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝfl ãÇãâÜã,ÜÜãâêÈ äããÇÜã,,ã ãÇÒÛÜÒÜÛfl ÜÒ fl,ÞflÒêâfl ÇÒââäãÜãØ. × ~âêÜãâêÛ, ?ÛÒ Û þÞãââ [17] äã~ÒÝÛ,ê, ~êã äããÀ HMS Û HAS äÒâê,Þflê ÝëßëÞêÀ ÑÞÛ~ÜÀi ãÛêÒÞÈâÝÛi ß,,ß, ,,ÒÜÒêÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ âããêÜã?ÒÜÛfl ÝãêãÀi ÜÒ ,äãÞÜÒ flâÜÀ. ÷Ò ßÒÜÈ?Ò ,ãäãâã, ,ÀÑÀ,Òê äÛã KREEP-ßêÒÛÞ Û ,ÀâãÝã,,ÞÛÜãÑÒßÛâêã,,ã ,ëÞÝÜÛÑß ÞëÜÜÀi ßêÒÛÝã,, ÝãêãÀØ ßãÚÒê fl,ÞflêÈâfl ééëÑÛ,ÜÀß ÜÞã,,ãß äÞëêãÜÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÝãßäÞÒÝâã, HMS ÛÞÛ HAS êÛä.
Ùæùÿðõð? < 5 2007

(äã ßãâÝÛßÛ ÇââÒØÜßÛ). øã êÛß ÜÜÀß âãâê, ,ÒiÜÒØ ÝãÀ ãÝÑÞâfl ÒÒ ÇãÞÒÒ ÜãÛêãÑÛêã,Àß (, âÒÜÒß 82% ßãÞÈÜã,,ã äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ), ~êã ãê,Ò~Òê âãÒÚÜÛ 27-29 ßâ. % Al2O3. õêÒÛÞ ÜÛÚÜÒØ ÝãÀ êÝÚÒ â,ÛÒêÒÞÈâê,ëÒê ã äã,À?ÒÜÜãØ âêÒäÒÜÛ ÜÝãäÞÒÜÛfl äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ (71-75%) Ü ,,ÞëÇÛÜi ÇãÞÒÒ 20 Ýß. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, âÒÜÛØ âãâê, ÞëÜÜãØ ÝãÀ ãê,Ò~Òê ,,ÛäãêÒêÛ~ÒâÝãßë ÜãêãÑÛêã,ãßë ÜãÛêë, âãÒÚÒßë ãê 18-20% [7, 11] ã 27-28% [12] ,,ÞÛÜãÑÒß. úÒÞÈÜãÒ ÑÜããÇÑÛÒ ßêÒÛÝã,Ài äãã ,ÝÞ~Òê ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝã ,,ëää, ÑÞÛ~Ûiâfl äã ßÛÜÒÞã,,Û~ÒâÝÛß, äÒêãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛß Û ,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛß äßÒêß. ×ÀÒÞÒÜÛÒ êÛi ,,ëää Ñ,ÛâÛê ãê ^ÒÞÛ ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛØ Û ßâ?êÇ ÜÇÞÒÜÛØ [13]. áÒÞã , êãß, ~êã ãâê,ÞÒÜÜÀØ Ü ñÒßÞ ÝßÒÜÜÀØ ßêÒÛÞ ÜÒ ÜÒâÒê äÛÑÜÝã, ,,ÒãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝÛi êÒÞ ÑßÒãß , ÝÛÞãßÒêÀ ÛÞÛ iãêfl ÇÀ ÒâflêÝÛ ßÒêã, Û äÒâê,ÞflÒê "ÑÜãÝÞÛÇÒÜÀÒ" é,,ßÒÜêÀ ßÒ,,Ò,,ãÞÛê. ÷ÒÝãêãÀÒ ãÇÑ^À iÝêÒÛÑëê ãêÒÞÈÜÀÒ ,,ÞÀÇÀ ÛÞÛ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl äãã ßÒêã,ã,,ã ÑßÒ , ßÒ,,ÇÒÝ~Ûfli. ÷ ë,,ãß ÝãÜ^Ò êã,,ã ÛäÑãÜ - ßÛÝãé,,ßÒÜêÀ ßÛÞÞÛßÒêã,ã,,ã ßâ?êÇ Û êãÜÝfl éÝ^Ûfl Ò,,ãÞÛê. ?ê âÛêë^Ûfl ãâÞãÚÜÒÜ äÛâëêâê,ÛÒß ëÜã äÒÒäÞ,ÞÒÜÜÀi âßÒâÒØ äãã, äãëÝêã, Ûi ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ Û ÒÑÛÜêÒ,,^ÛÛ. øããÇÜÀÒ äã^ÒââÀ ÜãâÛÞÛ ßâ?êÇÜÀØ iÝêÒ Û fl,ÞflÞÛâÈ ,ÚÜÀß ÞÒßÒÜêãß äÒÒÇãêÝÛ ßêÒÛÞ ,ÒiÜÒØ ÝãÀ Ü äãêflÚÒÜÛÛ ,âÒØ ÛâêãÛÛ ÒÒ éãßÛã,ÜÛfl [14].


úùáðýæó?ûôðæ õÔÙõ? óü÷÷?ÿ ýúùôýùóðýù×

3

úÒÑëÞÈêêÀ ÛÑãêãäÜã-,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛØ äãÝÑÞÛ, ~êã ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀÒ ~ÞÒÜÀ äÞëêãÜÛ~ÒâÝãØ â,ÛêÀ (ëÜÛê 72415-18, ÜÒÝãêãÀÒ ÜãÛêÀ Û êãÝêãÞÛêÀ) Û ÇãÞÈ?ÛÜâê,ã éÒãÜãêãÑÛêã, äÒâê,Þflê ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ Ò,ÜÒÒ ,ÒÒâê,ã ÞëÜÜãØ ÝãÀ. øã ÜÜÀß ÛÑë~ÒÜÛfl Rb-Sr Û Sm-Nd âÛâêÒßêÛÝÛ ëâêÜã,ÞÒÜÀ ÇÞÛÑÝÛÒ ,ãÑâê ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ êÛi äãã 4.4-4.56 ßÞ. ÞÒê ÜÑ [18]. ùäÒÒÞÒÜÜã, ~êã , êãê äÒÛã ÛâiãÜÀÒ ß,,ßÀ êãÝêãÞÛê-,,ÇÇãÜãÛêã,Ài äÞëêãÜã, éãßÛã,ÞÛâÈ äÞÞÒÞÈÜã ãÇÑã,ÜÛ ,ÒiÜÒØ ~âêÛ ÞëÜÜãØ ÝãÀ, äÛ~Òß ãêÒÞÈÜÀÒ ãÇÑ^À ãÇÒÜÒÜÜÀi ÞÒ,,ÝÛßÛ úñ? ÜãêãÑÛêã, ÛßÒê ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã ßãÞããØ ,ãÑâê - 4.29 Á 0.06 ßÞ. ÞÒê, ëÝÑÀ,ÛØ Ü äããÞÚÛêÒÞÈÜÀØ äã^Òââ ßêÒÛÝã,ã,,ã ÝãããÇÑã,ÜÛfl [19]. ÷ ÛÜêÒ,Þ 4.4-4.5 ßÞ. ÞÒê äÛiãÛêâfl êÝÚÒ éãßÛã,ÜÛÒ ,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ÒÑÒ,ë KREEP-ÝãßäãÜÒÜê Û ßÜêÛØÜã,,ã Ûâêã~ÜÛÝ ßãâÝÛi ÇÑÞÈêã, (äã Hf-W âÛâêÒßêÛÝÒ [20]). ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, ãÇÑã,ÜÛÒ ,ÒiÜÒßÜêÛØÜÀi Û Ýãã,Ài Ûâêã~ÜÛÝã, ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝÛi äãã óëÜÀ äãÛÑã?Þã ãâêêã~Üã ÇÀâêã, ,ãÑßãÚÜã , êÒ~ÒÜÛÒ äÒ,Ài 40-100 ßÞÜ. ÞÒê ÞëÜÜãØ ÛâêãÛÛ [21]. øÛ êãß ÜÒ äãâÞÒÚÛ,Òêâfl fl,ÜÀi ëÝÑÜÛØ Ü iÛßÛ~ÒâÝë iãÜãÞã,,Û âãÇÀêÛØ. ÷äãêÛ,, ßãÚÜã äÒäãÞ,,êÈ, ~êã ãÇÑã,ÜÛÒ ,,Þ,ÜÀi êÛäã, ßêÒÛÝã,Ài äãã Û ÇÛßãÞÈÜãâêÛ âããê,Òêâê,ëÛi ßÛÜÒÞã,,Û~ÒâÝÛi iÝêÒÛâêÛÝ (Ûâ. 1) äãêÒÝÞã äÝêÛ~ÒâÝÛ ãÜã,ÒßÒÜÜã - Ü éãÜÒ âãäflÚÒÜÜÀi äã^Òââã, ÝãÜâãÞÛ^ÛÛ, ÒâêëÝ^ÛÛ Û ÛÜêëÛã,ÜÛfl ÜãêãÑÛêã,ãØ ÝãÀ ßéÛ~ÒâÝÛßÛ äÞëêãÜßÛ. ?êÛ âããÇÚÒÜÛfl äã,ãflê Ý ,À,ãë ã ,ãÑßãÚÜãâêÛ ã^ÒÜÝÛ âãâê,ã, ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ ÜÜÛi Û äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀi ãÛêÒÞÈâÝÛi ß,,ß äÒ,Û~ÜãØ ÞëÜÜãØ ÝãÀ Û êÒâêÛã,ÜÛfl ßãÒÞÒØ ,Þã,ã,,ã âãâê, Ûi ,ãÑßãÚÜã,,ã Ûâêã~ÜÛÝ (ÜÒÛééÒÒÜ^Ûã,ÜÜãØ ÞëÜÜãØ ßÜêÛÛ ÛÞÛ ÝëßëÞêã, ÛÑ ãÝÒÜ ß,,ßÀ). øãÛâÝ ÛâiãÜÀi âäÞ,ã, äÒäãÞ,,Òê ,ÀÇã ßêÒÛÝã,Ài äãã, ãê,Ò~Ûi Ò,ÜÛß ,ãÑâêß ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ Û äÒêãÞã,,ã-,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛß ÝÛêÒÛflß äÛßÛêÛ,ÜãâêÛ ß,,ß, ÛÑ ÝãêãÀi ãÜÛ ãÇÑã,ÞÛâÈ. ù~Ò,ÛÜÀß ÝÜÛêãß Ü êë ãÞÈ fl,Þflêâfl ÜÛßÒÜÒÒ ÚÒÞÒÑÛâêÀÒ éÒãÜãêãÑÛêÀ (Ûâ. 1) Û ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀÒ äÞëêãÜÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ äããÀ, ,ÝÞ~ÛÒ ÛÑ,ÒâêÜÀÒ ãÇÑ^À ëÜÛê [22, 23] Û äÒâê,ÛêÒÞÈÜë ,,ëääë äÛâêÛÜÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã, [3, 13, 16]. ÙÒÜÒêÛ~ÒâÝfl ÛÜéãßêÛ,ÜãâêÈ ÜãêãÑÛêã, ãÇëâÞã,ÞÒÜ âëÇiãÛêã,ÀßÛ âããêÜã?ÒÜÛflßÛ äÞ,,ÛãéÛÞÈÜÀi ÞÒßÒÜêã, - Ga, Eu Û Al (Ûâ. 2) Û äÒãÇÞÒØ âäãâêÜÒÜÜãâêÈ , âãâê,Ò Ò,ÜÒØ ÞëÜÜãØ ÝãÀ [10, 21]. øÒêãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝë äãÇÞÒßë äÒâê,ÞflÒê ,ÀâãÝfl ÚÒÞÒÑÛâêãâêÈ êÛi äãÞÒ,ã?äêã,Ài äãã, äãfl,ÞÒÜÜfl , ãêâëêâê,ÛÛ éÒßÛ~ÒâÝÛi ßÛÜÒÞã, â mg# > 75 (Ûâ. 1). ?ê âÛêë^Ûfl êÒÇëÒê äãâêãÒÜÛfl Û ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛfl âiÒß ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ, ãäëâÝÛi ãÜã,ÒßÒÜÜãÒ âëÒÙæùÿðõð? < 5 2007

Eu/Al Ç 106 50 1 2 3 4 5

20 10 Cl 5

2 20

40

60

80

100 Mg#

úÛâ. 2. ñ,ÛâÛßãâêÈ Eu/Al ãêÜã?ÒÜÛfl ãê ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãâêÛ äÛâêÛÜÜÀi ßêÒÛÝã,Ài äãã (äã ÜÜÀß [24] â ÛÑßÒÜÒÜÛflßÛ) 1 - éÒãÜãêãÑÛêÀ; äããÀ ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãØ â,ÛêÀ: 2 - ëÜÛê, 3 - êãÝêãÞÛêÀ, 4 - ÜãÛêÀ, 5 - ,,ÇÇãÜãÛêÀ. ñ?êÛiã,ÜÜãÒ äãÞÒ ,ÝÞ~Òê âãâê,À ßãÜ^ãÛãÛêã, Û KREEP-ÇÑÞÈêã,.

âê,ã,ÜÛÒ ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀi Û äãÛÑ,ãÜÀi âäÞ,ã, (âß. ÜÛÚÒ). ûÿæõ? úÔ÷÷æò õÔÙõÔýð?æûôùò áðþþæúæ÷åðÔåðð óü÷? ð øúùÕóæõ? ùÕúÔñù×Ô÷ð? ýúùôýùóðýù×?ÿ õÔÙõ áÞfl ÇãÞÈ?ÛÜâê, êãÝêãÞÛêã, êÝÚÒ iÝêÒÜÀ âëÇiãÜÛêã,ÀÒ âããêÜã?ÒÜÛfl äÞ,,ÛãéÛÞÈÜÀi ÞÒßÒÜêã,, äÛ êãß ãÜÛ äÒâê,Þflê ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀØ ßêÒÛÞ ßêÒÛÝã,ãØ ÝãÀ (Ûâ. 2). ùÇ êãß â,ÛÒêÒÞÈâê,ëÒê ÜÒ âêãÞÈÝã ãêÜã?ÒÜÛÒ Mg/(Mg + Fe) , äããi (ãÜã ãêÚÒê âêÒäÒÜÈ ÝÝëßëÞfl^ÛÛ éÒßÛ~ÒâÝÛi ßÛÜÒÞã,), ,ÀâãÝãÒ âãÒÚÜÛÒ Fo-ÝãßäãÜÒÜê , ãÞÛ,ÛÜÒ. ÷ Ûâ. 3 äÛ,ÒÒÜ ,,Ûâêã,,ßß âãâê,ã, ãÞÛ,ÛÜ ÛÑ 30 äÛâêÛÜÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã,, äãâêãÒÜÜfl äã ÜÜÀß [16] Þfl ãÇÑ^ã, ßââãØ >0.1 ,, â âãÒÚÜÛÒß ßãÞÈÜã,,ã äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ <95%. ?êãê ,,éÛÝ â,ÛÒêÒÞÈâê,ëÒê, ~êã 18 êãÝêãÞÛêã, âãÒÚê ãÞÛ,ÛÜ âãâê, 87-90 ßãÞ. % Fo (, ?äÛÜÒÞÒ,ãß êãÝêãÞÛêÒ ëâêÜã,ÞÒÜã 92% Fo). ýÝfl ãÇã,,ÒÜÜãâêÈ éãâêÒÛêãß äãÝÑÀ,Òê, ~êã ÛâiãÜÀÒ ß,,ßÀ êãÝêãÞÛêã, ãê,Ò~ê ,,Þ,Üãßë ÝÛêÒÛ äÛßÛêÛ,ÜãâêÛ , äÞÜÒ ,ãÑßãÚÜãØ â,flÑÛ â âëÇiãÜÛêã,Àß ÛÞÛ ÛééÒÒÜ^Ûã,ÜÜÀß ßÜêÛØÜÀß Ûâêã~ÜÛÝãß. × êã ÚÒ ,Òßfl, ,ÀâãÝfl ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãâêÈ ãÞÛ,ÛÜ , êÛi äããi äÒâê,ÞflÒê âÒÈÒÑÜë äãÇÞÒßë ÞëÜÜãØ äÒêãÞã,,ÛÛ [25]. áÒÞã , êãß, ~êã äÒÞãÚÒÜÜÀÒ âiÒßÀ ÜÜÒØ ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ óëÜÀ äÒäãÞ,,ê ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã äãÑÜ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^Û äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ ÛÑ ãÇã,,ÒÜÜÀi ÚÒÞÒÑãß


4 ?ÛâÞã ãÇÑ^ã, 20 áëÜÛê 72 415 16 12

ÔÛâÝÛÜ

8 4

0 78

82

86

90 94 Fo, ßãÞ. %

úÛâ. 3. ÙÛâêã,,ßß âãÒÚÜÛfl Fo , ãÞÛ,ÛÜÒ ÛÑ ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã,. ðÑ 38 äÛâêÛÜÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã, ,ÀÇÜã 35 ãÇÑ^ã, ßââãØ >0.1 ,, [16]; Ü ,,éÛÝÒ äãÝÑÜÀ ÜÜÀÒ Þfl 30 ãÇÑ^ã,, Þfl ÝãêãÀi ÛßÒÒêâfl ÛÜéãß^Ûfl ã âãâê,Ò ãÞÛ,ÛÜ.

äãëÝêã, ,ãÞ^ÛÛ äÒ,Û~ÜÀi ß,,ß. øÛ êãß ,,Þ,ÜÀß ÝãêÒÝêÛ~ÒâÝÛß ßÛÜÒÞãß , ÜãêãÑÛêi fl,ÞflÒêâfl ÜÒ ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀØ ãÞÛ,ÛÜ1, ,,ÛäÒâêÒÜ Û (, ÇãÞÒÒ ÚÒÞÒÑÛâêÀi ÑÜãâêfli) äÛÚãÜÛê. ?êã ÜÝÞÀ,Òê âÒÈÒÑÜÀÒ ã,,ÜÛ~ÒÜÛfl Ü ,ãÑßãÚÜë äÛãë êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài ß,,ß, ÝãêãÀÒ ÜÒ ßã,,ëê fl,ÞflêÈâfl äãëÝêãß äflßã,,ã äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl ÞëÜÜãØ ßÜêÛÛ, äãâÝãÞÈÝë äãÞfl âêÇÛÞÈÜãâêÛ ãÞÛ,ÛÜ Û äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ , iãÜÛêã,Ài âÛâêÒßi äÛ ÜÛÑÝÛi ,ÞÒÜÛfli ÑÒÞflÒê äãfl,ÞÒÜÛÒ ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ [24]. ÷Ò ßÒÜÒÒ äãÇÞÒßêÛ~Ü ,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝfl âäÒ^ÛéÛÝ ÞëÜÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã,, ÝãêãÀÒ ÜÒâëê äÛÑÜÝÛ ÑßÒêÜã,,ã ãÇã,,ÒÜÛfl ÒÝãÑÒßÒÞÈÜÀßÛ ÞÒßÒÜêßÛ (äÛßÒÜã Ü äãflãÝ ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã ÜãêãÑÛêã,) - ÝÝ äãÞ,,ê, ,âÞÒâê,ÛÒ ÜÒÝãêããØ ÝãÜêßÛÜ^ÛÛ KREEP-ÝãßäãÜÒÜêãß [20, 24]. ?êÛ äãêÛ,ãÒ~Ûfl â âãâê,ãß ,ãÑßãÚÜã,,ã iãÜÛêã,ã,,ã (?) Ûâêã~ÜÛÝ fl,ÛÞÛâÈ ãâÜã,ÜÛÒß Þfl ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝÛi ,,ÛäãêÒÑ, ãäëâÝÛi ,,ÛÇÛÜë äÛãë êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài ß,,ß, âß. ãÇÑã [10]. ù^ÒÜÝ ÑÜ~ÛßãâêÛ êÛi äÒêãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝÛi âiÒß ßÒÜflÞâÈ äã ßÒÒ ,ãÞ^ÛÛ äÒâê,ÞÒÜÛØ ã ÜÜÒØ ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ óëÜÀ. øÛ êãß ãêä,ÜãØ êã~ÝãØ fl,ÞflÒêâfl äãâêëÞê ã äãÞÜãß ÛÞÛ ~âêÛ~Üãß äÞ,ÞÒÜÛÛ ÞëÜÜãØ ßÜêÛÛ â ãÇÑã,ÜÛÒß , ,ÒiÜÒØ ãÇãÞã~ÝÒ (1) ÑãÜÀ âäÞ, , éãßÒ "ãÝÒÜ ß,,ßÀ" (óõù), (2) ,,ÞãÇÞÈÜãØ "ß,,ßãâéÒÀ", ãäëâÝÒØ ÑÜ~ÛêÒÞÈÜÀÒ ,Û^ÛÛ ÝãÞÛ~Òâê, ÚÛÝãâêÛ äã ,,ÞëÇÛÜÒ, ÛÞÛ (3) Þã1

× ,ÀÇãÝÒ ãÇÑ^ã, äÛâêÛÜÜÀi ÜãêãÑÛêã, ßââãØ ÇãÞÒÒ 1 ,, ãÇëÚÒÜã , ÜÒêÛäÛ~ÜÀi é,,ßÒÜê (62 236 Û 62 237) â äã,À?ÒÜÜÀß âãÒÚÜÛÒß ~Fo60 [13].

ÝÞÈÜÀi ã~,,ã,, ÑÒÞÒÜÜÀi ë~âêÝßÛ ÜÒÛééÒÒÜ^Ûã,ÜÜã,,ã ßÜêÛØÜã,,ã ßêÒÛÞ. õâ?êÇÀ Û äããÞÚÛêÒÞÈÜãâêÈ äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl ÞëÜÜã,,ã ,ÒÒâê, ãäÒÒÞflêâfl Ñäâãß ,ÜëêÒÜÜÒ,,ã êÒäÞ Û ÜÞÛ~ÛÒß ,ÜÒ?ÜÛi Ûâêã~ÜÛÝã, Ü,,Ò,. ÕãÞÈ?ÛÜâê,ã ÛââÞÒã,êÒÞÒØ äãÞ,,ê, ~êã ,,Þ,ÜÀß ,,ÒÜÒêããß êÒäÞ fl,ÛÞâÈ ÝÛÜÒêÛ~ÒâÝfl ÜÒ,,Ûfl ÝÝÒ^ÛÛ, ,ÀÒÞflflâfl , äã^ÒââÒ éãßÛã,ÜÛfl äÞÜÒêÜã,,ã êÒÞ. ôÞ~Ò,ãØ ,ãäãâ ÝâÒêâfl ÑßÒ ëÜÛÝã, Û âÝããâêÛ äã^Òââ. øãÞÜãÒ äÞ,ÞÒÜÛÒ ÞëÜÜÀi ÜÒ Ü ,,ÞëÇÛÜë , âãêÜÛ ÝÛÞãßÒêã, êÒÇëÒê ÇÀâêãØ (106-108 ÞÒê) ÝÝÒ^ÛÛ êÒÞ ÑßÒãß ÜÒ ßÒÜÒÒ 40 Ýß [28]. ûiÒßÀ ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã ßÒÞÒÜÜã,,ã Û ÜÛÑÝãÜÒ,,ÒêÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ÝÝÒ^ÛãÜÜã,,ã äã^Òââ äÛ,ãflê Ý ßãÒÞflß ß,,ßãâéÒÀ [29, 30] ÛÞÛ ßÜãÚÒâê, ãêÒÞÈÜÀi ã~,,ã, Û ÛÜêëÑÛ,ÜÀi ÝßÒ, iÝêÒÛÑëÛi Ñ,ÛêÛÒ êÝ ÜÑÀ,Òßã,,ã "âÒÛÞÈÜã,,ã" ß,,ßêÛÑß [31, 32]. ñÒâÈ ßãÚÜã ÑßÒêÛêÈ, ~êã ÜÒäãÞÜãÒ äÞ,ÞÒÜÛÒ âÛÞÛÝêÜãØ ãÇãÞã~ÝÛ äÛ ãÇÑã,ÜÛÛ ßãÜã,,ã (âãêÜÛ Ýß) ãÝÒÜ ß,,ßÀ êÝÚÒ äÒäãÞ,,Òê ,,ÒêÒã,,ÒÜÜãâêÈ ÑÜ~ÛêÒÞÈÜã,,ã ãÇÒß ÞëÜÜãØ ßÜêÛÛ, Ýãêãfl ãÞÚÜ äÒâê,ÞflêÈ äÒÒiãÜÀØ âÞãØ â ëßÒÒÜÜãØ Û ÜÛÑÝãØ âêÒäÒÜÈ äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl äÛßÛêÛ,Üã,,ã ,ÒÒâê,. øÒêãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝÛØ âäÒÝê äÒÞãÚÒÜÜÀi âiÒß äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl ,ÝÞ~Òê ÑÇãêÝë ßãÒÞÒØ ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ óõù ÛÞÛ ß,,ßãâéÒÀ, ÝãêãÀÒ äÛ,ãflê Ý ãÇÑã,ÜÛ ÜãêãÑÛêã,ãØ ÝãÀ Û ,,Þ,ÜÀi ,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÒÑÒ,ëã,, ãê,Ò~Ûi Ûâêã~ÜÛÝß äãã Mg-â,ÛêÀ, KREEP, ÜÛÑÝã-Ti Û ,ÀâãÝã-Ti ßãâÝÛi ÇÑÞÈêã,. øÛ êãß äã~ÒÝÛ,Òêâfl ÜÒãÇiãÛßãâêÈ ë~ÛêÀ,êÈ éÑã,ë Û iÛßÛ~ÒâÝë äãâÞÒã,êÒÞÈÜãâêÈ éãßÛã,ÜÛfl ÛééÒÒÜ^Ûêã,, ãäÒÒÞflÛi äÒ,Û~Üë ,ÒêÛÝÞÈÜë ââÞãÒÜÜãâêÈ ÝãÀ Û ßÜêÛÛ, êÝÚÒ ,ÒãflêÜë iãÜãÞã,,Û âãÇÀêÛØ [28, 33-35]. øÛÜ^ÛäÛÞÈÜÀØ ßãßÒÜê Ñ,ÛêÛfl êÛi ßãÒÞÒØ â,flÑÜ â ÜÞÛÑãß ,,,Ûê^ÛãÜÜãØ ëâêãØ~Û,ãâêÛ äãëÝêã, ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ, éãßÛëÛi âêêÛ,,éÛ~ÒâÝë äãâÞÒã,êÒÞÈÜãâêÈ ÝëßëÞêã,. × ~âêÜãâêÛ, ãÇÞãâÈ ,ÜÛßÜÛÒ Ü êã, ~êã éãßÛã,ÜÛÒ ÇãÞÒÒ äÞãêÜÀi éÑ, ,ÝÞ~Ûi ÚÒÞÒÑÛâêÀÒ âÛÞÛÝêÀ, ÛÞÈßÒÜÛê Û ãÇã,,ÒÜÜÀØ FeO âäÞ,, Ü âÒÜÛi Û ÑÝÞ~ÛêÒÞÈÜÀi âêÛfli ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ óõù ßãÚÒê ,ÀÑ,êÈ ,,ÞãÇÞÈÜÀØ "äÒÒ,ããê" (overturn) ,,ÒêÒãéÑã,ãØ âÛâêÒßÀ â äãâêëäÞÒÜÛÒß äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀi ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀi ÝãßäãÜÒÜêã, , ,ÒiÜÛÒ ,,ãÛÑãÜêÀ ßÜêÛÛ, Üä. [36]. ?ê ÛÒfl Ü?Þ ßÜãÚÒâê,ã âêããÜÜÛÝã, âÒÛ ,,ÒãiÛßÛÝã,, äãâÝãÞÈÝë äã^ÒââÀ ,âêÒ~Üã,,ã äÒÒßÒÒÜÛfl Ü~ÞÈÜÀi Û "äã,ÛÜëêÀi" äãëÝêã, ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ãÇÒâäÒ~Û,ê ÒâêÒâê,ÒÜÜÀØ ßÒiÜÛÑß âßÒ?ÒÜÛfl äÒ,Û~ÜÀi ,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÒÑÒ,ëã,, êÝÚÒ äãêÒÜ^ÛÞÈÜÀØ Ûâêã~ÜÛÝ êÒäÞ Þfl äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl ,,ÛÇÛÛÑÛã,ÜÜÀi ÝëßëÞêã, Û éãßÛã,ÜÛfl Ûâêã~ÜÛÝ ßãâÝÛi ÇÑÞÈêã, [35, 37]. øã ã^ÒÜÝß ûäÒ [34] äã^Òââ ÝãÜ,ÒÝêÛ,Üã,,ã äÒÒßÒ?Û,ÜÛfl ÞëÜÜÀi ÜÒ Û
Ùæùÿðõð? < 5 2007


úùáðýæó?ûôðæ õÔÙõ? óü÷÷?ÿ ýúùôýùóðýù×

5

ûÒÛ äÒâê,ÞÒÜÜÀi ,À?Ò (äã âëêÛ Ý~Òâê,ÒÜÜÀi) âiÒß ÜÜÒØ ÞëÜÜãØ ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ ,ÀÒÞflÒêâfl ?×õ-ßãÒÞÈ, ÑÇãêÜÜfl õ.?. þÒÜÝÒÞÒß, ÝãêãÀØ ,äÒ,ÀÒ äÒäÛÜflÞ äãäÀêÝë âã,ßÒâêÜã,,ã Ò?ÒÜÛfl Ñ~Û ãâêÀ,ÜÛfl äãâêÝÝÒ^ÛãÜÜãØ óëÜÀ, ÛÜßÛÝÛ ÑãÚÒÜÛfl Û ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ ÑãÜ ßÜêÛØÜã,,ã äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl â ãÇÑã,ÜÛÒß ,,Þ,ÜÀi äÒêãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝÛi Û ,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÒÑÒ,ëã, ÞëÜÜã,,ã ,ÒÒâê, [30, 38]. øÛ êãß ãäëâÝÒêâfl ,ãÑÜÛÝÜã,ÒÜÛÒ ,,ÞãÇÞÈÜãØ âéÒÀ ~âêÛ~Üã,,ã äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl ÞëÜÜãØ ßÜêÛÛ, ,ÝÞ~ÒØ ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã ÝããêÝãÚÛ,ëÛØ ãÝÒÜ ß,,ßÀ (ÇãÞÒÒ 90% âäÞ,) Û äãâêÛÞë ,,ÒêÒãéÑã,ë ÑãÜë â âãÒÚÜÛÒß äãã,ã,,ã âäÞ, ÇãÞÒÒ 5%. üÜÛÝÞÈÜãâêÈ ßãÒÞÛ âãâêãÛê , êãß, ~êã ~âêÛ~ÜãÒ äÞ,ÞÒÜÛÒ , ÜÛÚÜÒØ ~âêÛ ß,,ßã,,ÒÜÒÛëÒØ âÛâêÒßÀ âãäflÚÒÜã ,ã ,ÒßÒÜÛ â äã^ÒââßÛ ãâêÀ,ÜÛfl Û ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ äãêãÝãÀ. ?êã äÒäãÞ,,Òê, ~êã ÜãêãÑÛêã,ÀØ ßêÒÛÞ Û ÝãßäÞÒßÒÜêÜÀÒ âÛâêÒßÀ ÇÑÛê-,,ÛäÒÇÑÛêã,ã,,ã âãâê, éãßÛã,ÞÛâÈ ãÜã,ÒßÒÜÜã - ÝßÒÜÈ äÒêÝÜã,ÒÜÛfl Þfl ßÜã,,Ûi ßãÒÞÒØ, ãâÜã,ÜÜÀi Ü äãâÞÒã,êÒÞÈÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ãÝÒÜ ß,,ßÀ. ùâÜã,ÜÀß ßÒiÜÛÑßãß ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ ÞëÜÜÀi ÜÒ äÛ êãß ,ÀâêëäÒê ÛÜéÛÞÈê^ÛãÜÜÀØ ßÒêâãßêãÑ, â,flÑÜÜÀØ â ÝãßäÝ^ÛÒØ ÝëßëÞêã,, ßÛ,,^ÛÒØ ßÒÚÑÒÜã,ãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ Û äÒÒë,Üã,Ò?Û,ÜÛÒß äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀi âäÞ,ã, â äãëÝêßÛ ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ Ü ,ÒiÜÛi ëã,Üfli. þÝêÛ~ÒâÝÛ êë ßãÒÞÈ ßãÚÜã ââßêÛ,êÈ ÝÝ ÒÒ ãÛÜ â^ÒÜÛØ éãßÛã,ÜÛfl ÜãêãÑÛêã,ãØ ÝãÀ Û ,,ÛÇÛÛÑ^ÛÛ "äÒ,Û~ÜÀi ÝëßëÞêã," [30]. û ë~Òêãß êÛi ,,ÛäãêÒÑ ,ÀÒÞflêâfl êÛ âiÒßÀ ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀi ß,,ß ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãØ â,ÛêÀ, ÝãêãÀÒ ßã,,ëê äÒâê,ÞflêÈ: (1) äãëÝêÀ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ óõù, (2) ÝãÜêßÛÜÛã,ÜÜÀÒ âÛâêÒßÀ, éãßÛëÛÒâfl äÛ ââÛßÛÞfl^ÛÛ ÜãêãÑÛêã, ~âêÛ~ÜÀßÛ âäÞ,ßÛ äÛßÛêÛ,ÜãØ ßÜêÛÛ [24], Û (3) ÒÑëÞÈêê äÒÒÇãêÝÛ äãÞÒ,ã?äêã,ãØ ÝãÀ ëÜÀßÛ âäÞ,ßÛ, ãÇÑã,ÜÜÀßÛ äÛ äÞ,ÞÒÜÛÛ âëÇiãÜÛêã,ã,,ã ëÜÛÝ [39] ÛÞÛ ÜÜÛi ãÞÛ,ÛÜã,Ài ÝëßëÞêã, [25]. ×À?Ò ãêßÒ~ÞãâÈ, ~êã ÝãÜ^Òä^Ûfl ãÝÒÜ ß,,ßÀ ,âêÒ~Òê ÜÒäÒããÞÛßÀÒ êëÜãâêÛ äÛ äãäÀêÝi ,À,ÒâêÛ êãÝêãÞÛêÀ (Ol-Pl ÝãêÒÝêÛÝÛ) ÛÑ äÛßÛêÛ,ÜãØ âÛâêÒßÀ â ÇÞÛÑÝÛßÛ Ý iãÜÛêß iÝêÒÛâêÛÝßÛ, âß. Ûâ. 4. ô êãßë ßãÚÜã ãÇ,ÛêÈ, ~êã ,ÀâãÝfl ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãâêÈ êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài ß,,ß (Ûâ. 3) ÜÒâã,ßÒâêÛß â äããÞÚÛêÒÞÈÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÒØ ãÞÛ,ÛÜ, Ýãêãfl äÛ,ãÛê Ý ãÇÑã,ÜÛ ,,ÞÛÜãÑÒßÛâêÀi (ÝãêÒÝêÛ~ÒâÝÛi) âäÞ,ã, â äã,À?ÒÜÜÀß ãêÜã?ÒÜÛÒß FeO/MgO. ÙÛäãêÒÑÀ ââÛßÛÞfl^ÛÛ Û ëÜã-ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ,ãÑÒØâê,Ûfl äÒâê,Þflê ßãÒÞÛ, ÝãêãÀÒ ßã,,ëê "äÛ,ÒâêÛ"
Ùæùÿðõð? < 5 2007

[CaSiO3] mg# = 0.70

0

éãßÛã,ÜÛfl ,,ÛÇÛÜÀi ÒÑÒ,ëã, ãi,êÀ,Þ äÒÛã ãÝãÞã 200 ßÞÜ. ÞÒê.

SiO2

100 75

øÛãÝâÒÜ

50

25

50

PM

T2 T1 øÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ ?äÛÜÒÞÈ

75

ùÞÛ,ÛÜ CH

25
A

100

0

0 OL

25

50

75

100 AN

úÛâ. 4. ûiÒß ,ãÑßãÚÜÀi ,,ÒÜÒêÛ~ÒâÝÛi âããêÜã?ÒÜÛØ ßÒÚë ,,Þ,ÜÀßÛ äãëÝêßÛ ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ óëÜÀ. þÑã,ÀÒ ,,ÜÛ^À , âÛâêÒßÒ OL-AN-SIO2 ÜÀ äã ÒÑëÞÈêêß [26, 27]. þÛ,,ëêÛ,ÜÀÒ êã~ÝÛ: PM - äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀØ ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀØ âäÞ,, ÝãêãÀØ fl,ÞflÒêâfl äãëÝêãß äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl iãÜÛêã,ãØ ßÜêÛÛ (CH) ÛÞÛ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ãÝÒÜ ß,,ßÀ; A - ÜãêãÑÛêã,fl Ýã; âãâê,À êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài ß,,ß: T1 - ãÇÑã,ÜÜÀi äëêÒß âßÒ?ÒÜÛfl âäÞ,ã, PM Û A; T2 - , ÒÑëÞÈêêÒ ââÛßÛÞfl^ÛÛ äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀß âäÞ,ãß ÜãêãÑÛêã,ãØ ÝãÀ. ÷ä,ÞÒÜÛÒ ÞÛÜÛÛ CH-PM ëÝÑÀ,Òê äãâÞÒã,êÒÞÈÜãâêÈ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ iãÜÛêã,ãØ ß,,ßÀ: Ol Ol + + Opx Ol + Opx + Pl. øãÒ^Ûã,ÜÛÒ äã ßÒêãë [26] ÛÑ ,Ò?ÛÜÀ ÜãßêÛ,Üã,,ã ,ãÞÞâêãÜÛê (CaSiO3).

ÝãÜÒ~ÜÀØ äãëÝê ,,ÛÇÛÛÑ^ÛÛ Ü ãÞÛ,ÛÜ-äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑã,ë ÝãêÒÝêÛÝë äÛ âãiÜÒÜÛÛ ,ÀâãÝã,,ã ÑÜ~ÒÜÛfl mg# iÝêÒÜã,,ã Þfl ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜã,,ã Ûâêã~ÜÛÝ [24, 25, 39], Ûâ. 4. ýãäãÞã,,Ûfl Û,,ßßÀ OL-AN-SIO2 äãÝÑÀ,Òê, ~êã êã ßãÚÜã âÒÞêÈ äëêÒß ãÇ,ÞÒÜÛfl Ý äÛßÛêÛ,Üãßë ÝãßäãÜÒÜêë PM ãäÒÒÞÒÜÜã,,ã ÝãÞÛ~Òâê, ãÇã,,ÒÜÜã,,ã ÜãêÛêãß ,ÒÒâê,, ÝãêããÒ ääãÝâÛßÛëÒê âãâê, ÜãêãÑÛêã,ãØ ÝãÀ (êã~Ý A). øÛÜ^ÛäÛÞÈÜÀÒ âiãÚÒÜÛfl Ýâêâfl äÛãÀ ÛâiãÜã,,ã ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜã,,ã ßêÒÛÞ Û ßÒiÜÛÑß äÒÒÇãêÝÛ ÝãÀ. õÒÜÒÒ ,ÒãflêÜãØ äÒâê,ÞflÒêâfl âiÒß ýØÞã [39], , ÝãêããØ äÒäãÞ,,Òêâfl, ~êã âãâê, ÛâäÀê,?Ò,,ã äãÞÜãÒ äÞ,ÞÒÜÛÒ ëÜÛÝ ãê,Ò~Þ âÒÜÒßë âãâê,ë óëÜÀ. øÛ ÝÛêÛÝÒ êÛi äÒâê,ÞÒÜÛØ ÿÒââ [25] ãÇêÛÞ ,ÜÛßÜÛÒ Ü , ßãßÒÜê. ×ã-äÒ,Ài, ëÜãÒ äÞ,ÞÒÜÛÒ â ,ÈÛëÛßÛ äãäã^ÛflßÛ ßêÒÛÞ ÝãÀ Û ëÜÛÝ äÒäãÞ,,Òê éãßÛã,ÜÛÒ ÜÒäÒÀ,Üã,,ã âäÒÝê äãÛÑ,ãÜÀi âäÞ,ã,, , Ýãêããß ÜÒê ßÒâê


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ÔÛâÝÛÜ

ÇÛßãÞÈÜãâêÛ iÝêÒÛâêÛÝ ÜãêãÑÛêã, Û ,,ÛÇÛÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài ß,,ß (Ûâ. 1 Û 2). ×ã-,êãÀi, ÛÑ,ÒâêÜã, ~êã ãêÜã?ÒÜÛÒ ßââÀ ëÜÛÝ Ý ßââÒ âäÞ, ÒÝã äÒ,À?Òê 10%, ~êã âê,Ûê äã âãßÜÒÜÛÒ ,ãÑßãÚÜãâêÈ ãßÛÜÛã,ÜÛfl , ,,ÛÇÛÜÀi äãëÝêi ãÞÛ,ÛÜã,ãØ ÞÛêãÞã,,ÛÛ Û âãâê, (mg#) âëÇiãÜÛêã,ã,,ã ,ÒÒâê,. ôãßÒ êã,,ã, ÜÜÀÒ ôÞÒßÒÜêÛÜÀ äãÝÑÀ,ê, ~êã ãÇÑã,ÜÛÒ ÇââÒØÜã, êãÝêãÞÛêã,ãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ ,fl ÞÛ ßã,,Þã ÜãâÛêÈ iÝêÒ âÞë~ØÜã,,ã, ÑÜ~Ûê ,Üã,ÒãflêÜã,,ã (äã,âÒßÒâêÜã,,ã) äã^Òââ, äãâÝãÞÈÝë êãÞÈÝã 6 ÛÑ 65 ÝëäÜÀi ßêÒÛÝã,Ài ÝêÒã, ÜÒâëê ÑÜ~ÛßÀÒ äÛÑÜÝÛ ßéÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ßêÒÛÞ [12]. úâäÒÒÞÒÜÛÒ ÜÒÜãêãÑÛêã,Ài ,ÀÇãâã,, âÞ,,Ûi ^ÒÜêÞÈÜÀÒ ,,ãÝÛ ÝêÒã,, âÝãÒÒ âã,ßÒâêÛßã â ÝãÜ^Òä^ÛÒØ âäãÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ÛÜêëÛã,ÜÛfl ÞëÜÜãØ ÝãÀ ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀßÛ ß,,ßßÛ, ãÇÑã,ÜÜÀßÛ , Üã,,ÒÜÜÀi ëâÞã,Ûfli. ×ãäãâ ã âãâê,Ò Üã,,ÒÜÜÀi äÛÝÛê-ÇÑÞÈêã,Ài ß,,ß Û ,ÒëÒß ßÒiÜÛÑßÒ Ûi ,,ÛÇÛÛÑ^ÛÛ ãâêÒêâfl ãêÝÀêÀß. øã ßÜÒÜÛ [25] , êãØ ãÞÛ ,ÀâêëäÞÛ âäÞ,À ãÞÛ,ÛÜã,Ài ÝëßëÞêã, Ûi ,ÒiÜÛi äãÝãã,Ài ëã,ÜÒØ, ÝãêãÀÒ ÛâäÀêÀ,ÞÛ ßÒiÜÛ~ÒâÝãÒ âßÒ?ÒÜÛÒ â äãëÝêßÛ ëÜã,,ã äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl ÜãêãÑÛêã,ãØ ÝãÀ. ýÝfl âiÒß ãÇÒâäÒ~Û,Òê âãiÜÒÜÛÒ äÛßÛêÛ,Üã,,ã ãêÜã?ÒÜÛfl MgO/(MgO + FeO) , ,,ÛÇÛÛÑÛã,ÜÜÀi ß,,ßi, Üã êÒÇëÒê ,ÀâãÝãØ âêÒäÒÜÛ äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl Ýãã,Ài Û ßÜêÛØÜÀi ßêÒÛÞã,. üãÒÜ [24] êÝÚÒ âÝÞãÜflÒêâfl , äãÞÈÑë êÒßãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ,ãÑÒØâê,Ûfl ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀi ß,,ß, äãÞ,,fl, ~êã ãÜÛ éãßÛã,ÞÛâÈ , ß,,ßãâéÒÒ äÛ ~âêÛ~Üãß äÞ,ÞÒÜÛÛ ÜÒÛééÒÒÜ^Ûã,ÜÜãØ ßÜêÛÛ. øã^Òââ ,,ÛÇÛÛÑ^ÛÛ , êãß âÞë~Ò äãêÒÝÞ , éãßÒ ââÛßÛÞfl^ÛÛ ",,ãfl~ÒØ" Üã ê,ÒãØ ÜãêãÑÛêã,ãØ ÝãÀ ,ÀâãÝãêÒßäÒêëÜÀßÛ iãÜÛêã,ÀßÛ âäÞ,ßÛ. øãÇÞÒß âãâêãÛê , êãß, ~êã ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝfl ââÛßÛÞfl^Ûfl ÜÒ fl,ÞflÒêâfl äãâêÀß "âÞãÚÒÜÛÒß" ,ëi ÛÞÛ ÇãÞÒÒ ÝãßäãÜÒÜêã, Û âã,âÒß ÜÒ ãÇflÑêÒÞÈÜã äÛ,ãÛê Ý ãÇÑã,ÜÛ ÝãêÒÝêÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã (Ol + Pl) âäÞ, T1, ÞÒÚÒ,,ã Ü ÞÛÜÛÛ âßÒ?ÒÜÛfl PM-A (Ûâ. 4). × ÒØâê,ÛêÒÞÈÜãâêÛ Üã ë~ÛêÀ,êÈ, ~êã êÒßäÒêë ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜã,,ã âäÞ, äã ãäÒÒÞÒÜÛ ãÞÚÜ äÒ,À?êÈ êÒßäÒêëë ââÛßÛÞflÜê. ?êã fl,ÞflÒêâfl ÜÒãÇiãÛßÀß ëâÞã,ÛÒß, ÝãêããÒ ãÇÒâäÒ~Û,Òê âê,ãÒÜÛÒ äãÞÒ,ã?äêã,ã,,ã ÝãßäãÜÒÜê Ñ â~Òê ~âêÛ~ÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ÛâiãÜãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ Ü éãÜÒ ãÇÒ,,ã ãiÞÚÒÜÛfl ,,ÛÇÛÜãØ âÛâêÒßÀ [40]. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, äã^Òââ ââÛßÛÞfl^ÛÛ ãÞÚÒÜ âãäã,ãÚêÈâfl éÑã,ÀßÛ äÒ,ÒÜÛflßÛ, ,ÝÞ~ÛßÛ âê,ãÒÜÛÒ ~âêÛ ÜãêãÑÛêã,ã,,ã ßêÒÛÞ, ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^Û ãäÒÒÞÒÜÜã,,ã ÝãÞÛ~Òâê, ãÞÛ,ÛÜ Û éãßÛã,ÜÛÒ ÝãêÒÝêÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã âäÞ,, ÛßÒÒ,,ã äãÜÛÚÒÜÜë ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãâêÈ ãêÜãâÛ-

êÒÞÈÜã Ûâêã~ÜÛÝ (êã~Ý T2). ù~Ò,ÛÜã, ~êã ,ÒÞÛ~ÛÜ êã,,ã â,Û,, âãâê,ã, T1 T2 ãäÒÒÞflêâfl ÝãÞÛ~Òâê,ãß Û êÒßäÒêëãØ ââÛßÛÞflÜê - ~Òß ÇãÞÈ?Ò âê,ãÛÞãâÈ ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã iãÞãÜã,,ã ÝãßäãÜÒÜê, êÒß âÛÞÈÜÒÒ ãiÞÚÒÜÛÒ âÛâêÒßÀ Û ,À?Ò äãäã^Ûfl ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ãÞÛ,ÛÜ. øãâÞÒã,êÒÞÈÜÀØ ÜÞÛÑ êÛi ,ãäãâã, äÒäãÞ,,Òê ÝãßäÞÒÝâÜãÒ Ò?ÒÜÛÒ Ñ~Û, ,ÝÞ~fl äãÞÜÀØ ÇÞÜâ êÒäÞ Û ,ÒÒâê,, êÝÚÒ ââßãêÒÜÛÒ éÑã,Ài ,Üã,ÒâÛØ , äãÛÑ,ãÜÀi âÛâêÒßi Þfl ÝÚã,,ã ÝãÜÝÒêÜã,,ã âÞë~fl. øãÞë~ÒÜÜÀÒ ã âÛi äã ã^ÒÜÝÛ êÒßãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛi äßÒêã, ââÛßÛÞfl^ÛÛ ÞëÜÜÀi ÜãêãÑÛêã, äãêÛ,ãÒ~Û,À. øã ÜÜÀß [24] Ñäâ êÒäÞ äÒÒ,,ÒêÀi (,âÞÒâê,ÛÒ ÛÇêÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã äãÒß) âäÞ,ã, âëÇiãÜÛêã,ãØ ßÜêÛÛ ãÞÚÜã i,êÛêÈ Þfl âê,ãÒÜÛfl ÜãêãÑÛêã,ã,,ã ßêÒÛÞ Û ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài ß,,ß. úÒÑëÞÈêêÀ â~Òêã, [25] ëÝÑÀ,ê Ü ÜÒÛÑÇÒÚÜãâêÈ ââÛßÛÞfl^ÛãÜÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ â ,ÀÒÞÒÜÛÒß ÑÜ~ÛêÒÞÈÜã,,ã ÝãÞÛ~Òâê, ãÞÛ,ÛÜ, ~êã ßãÚÒê âëÒâê,ÒÜÜã âÜÛÑÛêÈ ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãâêÈ äãÛÑ,ãÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã, äã â,ÜÒÜÛ â ÜÇÞÒßÀßÛ iÝêÒÛâêÛÝßÛ, âß. âãâê,À Ol Ü Ûâ. 3. õêÒÛÞÀ, ÛÑÞãÚÒÜÜÀÒ , ÜÜãØ âêêÈÒ, äÒâê,Þflê Ü~ÞÈÜÀØ êä ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛfl êÛi ,ãäãâã,, â,flÑÜÜÀØ â ÜÒãÇiãÛßãâêÈ ã^ÒÜÝÛ âãâê, ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀi ß,,ß ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãØ â,ÛêÀ - âäÞ,ã, ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã,. ùåæ÷ôÔ ûùûýÔ×Ô ðûÿùá÷?ÿ ýúùôýùóðýù×?ÿ úÔûøóÔ×ù× ûããêÜã?ÒÜÛfl ßÒÚë ÛâiãÜãØ äÛÝÛêã,ãØ ß,,ßãØ PM, ââÛßÛÞflÜêãß A Û äãÛÑ,ãÜãØ ÚÛÝãâêÈ T2 Ü Û,,ßßÒ OL-AN-SIO2 (Ûâ. 4) äã~ÒÝÛ,ê ,ÚÜë ãÞÈ ÛÒÜêÛéÛÝ^ÛÛ âãâê, Û ÝãÞÛ~Òâê, Üã,ãããÇÑã,ÜÜã,,ã êãÝêãÞÛêã,ã,,ã âäÞ,. ?êÛ iÝêÒÛâêÛÝÛ ãÞÚÜÀ ë~ÛêÀ,êÈâfl äÛ êÒßãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝãß ÇÞÜâÒ Û ÜÞÛÑÒ ,ãÞ^ÛÛ éÑã,Ài äãäã^ÛØ , äã^ÒââÒ ââÛßÛÞfl^ÛÛ ÜãêãÑÛêã, [24]. ü~ÛêÀ,fl ÝëßëÞëâÜë äÛãë êãÝêãÞÛêã,, âãâê, âäÞ,, ÛÑ Ýãêãã,,ã ãÜÛ éãßÛã,ÞÛâÈ, ßãÚÒê ÇÀêÈ ääãÝâÛßÛã,Ü âãâê,ãß ßÒÚÑÒÜã,ã,,ã ßêÒÛÞ. ùÜÝã ÛßÒÛÒâfl , ÞÛêÒêëÒ ÜÜÀÒ ã âãâê,Ò ÛÜêÒÝëßëÞëâÜãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ , ÞëÜÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêi ãÇÀ~Üã Ýâêâfl äÛßÒâÜÀi (~Ò ÒÝãÑÒßÒÞÈÜÀi) ÞÒßÒÜêã,, Üä. [41]. × ãêÜã?ÒÜÛÛ ,,Þ,ÜÀi äÒêã,,ÒÜÜÀi ÝãßäãÜÒÜêã, ÛÜéãß^Ûfl êÝã,,ã ã äÝêÛ~ÒâÝÛ ãêâëêâê,ëÒê. ÕãÞÈ?ÛÜâê,ã ÛââÞÒã,êÒÞÒØ äãâêã äã~ÒÝÛ,ê ãÇã,,ÒÜÛÒ êÛi äãã ÝÛâêÞÞßÛ ÜãêÛêã,ã,,ã äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ Û ,ÒãflêÜë äÛëã~ÒÜÜãâêÈ ÛâiãÜÀi ß,,ß Ý ãÞÛ,ÛÜ-äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑã,ãØ ÝãêÒÝêÛÝÒ, Ýãêãfl ÇÀÞ âÝãÜâêëÛã,Ü üãÞÝÒãß â ÝãÞÞÒ,,ßÛ [26, 27]. ×
Ùæùÿðõð? < 5 2007


úùáðýæó?ûôðæ õÔÙõ? óü÷÷?ÿ ýúùôýùóðýù×

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~âêÜãâêÛ, ?ã?Ò,âÝÛØ [42] äãÜÞÛÑÛã,Þ ãâãÇÒÜÜãâêÛ ÝãÒÞfl^ÛÛ ÜãßêÛ,Üã,,ã âãâê, äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ Û âãÒÚÜÛfl ,,ÞÛÜãÑÒß , ßêÒÛÝã,Ài äããi óëÜÀ Û äÒÞãÚÛÞ âãâê, ÛâiãÜãØ ß,,ßÀ, ãê,Ò~ÒØ êãÝêãÞÛêã,ãØ âÛâêÒßÒ â âãÒÚÜÛÒß ãÝãÞã 10 ßâ. % MgO Û 23 ßâ. % Al2O3. × ÇãêÒ [24] âãâê, ßãÒÞÈÜã,,ã êãÝêãÞÛêã,ã,,ã âäÞ, (17-18% Al2O3) Òêâfl ÝÝ ÝãÜÒ~ÜÀØ ÒÑëÞÈêê ÝãÜêßÛÜ^ÛÛ äÛÝÛêã,ãØ ß,,ßÀ ÜãêãÑÛêãß, , âäÒ^ÛÞÈÜãß ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛÛ [25] ,ããÇÒ ÜÒ äÛ,ãÛêâfl. õÒÚë êÒß âëÒâê,ëê ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÞÈÜÀÒ Û êÒãÒêÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ ßÒêãÀ ÒÝãÜâêëÝ^ÛÛ âãâê, ÛÜêÒÝëßëÞëâÜã,,ã ßêÒÛÞ. ?ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÞÈÜÀØ äãiã ÑÝÞ~Òêâfl , ~âêÛ~Üãß äÞ,ÞÒÜÛÛ ãÇÑ^ã, äÛ âëÇÞÛÝ,ÛëâÜÀi êÒßäÒêëi â äãâÞÒëÛß ÛÑë~ÒÜÛÒß âêÒÝãÞ, ÑäãÞÜflÛi äãâêÜâê,ã ßÒÚë ÑÒÜßÛ ÜÒãäÞ,ÞÒÜÜÀi (äÒäãÞãÚÛêÒÞÈÜã äÒ,Û~ÜÀi) ÝÛâêÞÞã,. øÛßÒãß êÝÛi ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛØ fl,Þflêâfl ÇãêÀ [43, 44], ÝãêãÀÒ äã,ÒÞÛ âÒÛ ãäÀêã, â ,,ÇÇãÛßÛ ÛÑ ,,Þ,ÜÀi ÑãÜ úââÞãÒÜÜãØ âÒÛÛ ûÝÒ,,âÝã,,ã ÛÜêëÑÛ,. ÷Ò,Üã ÇÀÞÛ äÒâê,ÞÒÜÀ ÜÜÀÒ äã äÞ,ÞÒÜÛ äÛãÜÀi Û âÛÜêÒêÛ~ÒâÝÛi êãÝêãÞÛêã, ÛÜêëÑÛ, ôÛ,,ÞäÒØê Ü óÇãÒ [45]. ÙÞ,ÜÀÒ êëÜãâêÛ ÛÒÜêÛéÛÝ^ÛÛ ÛÜêÒÝëßëÞëâ , äããÇÜÀi ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêi â,flÑÜÀ â êÒß, ~êã ÛââÞÒã,êÒÞÈ ÜÒ ÑÜÒê ÑÜÒÒ êÒßäÒêëÀ ,Üã,ÒâÛfl äÒ,Û~ÜÀi ÝÛâêÞÞã, Û ÚÛÝãâêÛ, ÛâÝëfl äÛ ÛÜêÒäÒê^ÛÛ ÒÑëÞÈêêã, äãäâêÈ , ãÇÞâêÈ âãâê,ã,, ÑßÒêÜã ãêÝÞãÜflÛiâfl ãê ÛâiãÜÀi iÝêÒÛâêÛÝ. ?ê ãäâÜãâêÈ ,ãÑâêÒê äÛ äãäÀêÝi ÛÑë~ÒÜÛfl ßÜã,,ãéÑã,Ài ââã^Û^ÛØ â âãÒÚÜÛÒß ßÒÚÑÒÜã,ãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ ßÒÜÒÒ 50%. ýÒãÒêÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ äãiãÀ ãâÜã,ÜÀ Ü â~Òêi âãâê, ÛÜêÒÝëßëÞëâ äÛ äãßãÛ ÜÜÀi ã ÝãééÛ^ÛÒÜêi âäÒÒÞÒÜÛfl ÝÛâêÞÞ-âäÞ,, Üä. [46]. × ÝãÜ^Ò 80-i ,,ãã, ßÀ äÒÞãÚÛÞÛ ëÜÛ,ÒâÞÈÜÀØ ßÒêã ,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝãØ êÒßãßÒêÛÛ ÛÑ,ÒÚÒÜÜÀi äãã, ÝãêãÀØ äãÑ,ãÞflÒê äã,ãÛêÈ ã^ÒÜÝÛ âãâê, ÛâiãÜã,,ã âäÞ, äãâÒâê,ãß ßãÒÞÛã,ÜÛfl ,Üã,ÒâÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ÛÜêëÑÛ,ÜÀi ÛÞÛ ééëÑÛ,ÜÀi ÇÑÛêã, [47]. × ãâÜã,Ò ßÒêã - ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÛÒ ßãÒÞÛ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ôùõÔÙõÔý [48] Û äã,ÒÒÜÛÒ ,À~ÛâÞÒÜÛØ Þfl ,,ÒÜÒêÛ~ÒâÝÛ ãâê,ÒÜÜÀi äãã, ãê,Ò~Ûi ÇÞÛÑÝÛß âêÛflß ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ ÛâiãÜãØ ß,,ßÀ. ?êãê äãiã ÜÒ ÑßÒÜflÒê ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÞÈÜÀi ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛØ Û ÛßÒÒê â,ãÛ äÒÒÞÀ äÛßÒÜÛßãâêÛ, ãÜÝã , flÒ âÞë~Ò, Ò,,ã ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÛÒ äãÑ,ãÞflÒê âÜflêÈ ÜÒãäÒÒÞÒÜÜãâêÛ â ã^ÒÜÝãØ êÒßäÒêëÀ. ?êã ÑßÒêÜã âëÚÒê ÛÜêÒ,Þ ,ãÑßãÚÜÀi âãâê,ã, Þfl ÛâÝãßãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ [49]. õÒêãÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ ãâÜã,À Û äÛßÒÀ ,,ÒÜÒêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÒÝãÜâêëÝ^ÛÛ ÛÜêëÑÛ,ÜÀi ÇÑÛêã, äÛ äãßãÛ äã,,ßßÀ ôùõÔÙõÔý äããÇÜã ãäÛâÜÀ , â,ãÝÒ [50]. × ÝãÜêÒÝâêÒ ÜÜãØ âêêÈÛ äÒâê,ÞflÒê ÛÜêÒÒâ, ~êã ãÜ ÛÑ äÒ,Ài äãäÀêãÝ ,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝãØ êÒÙæùÿðõð? < 5 2007

ßãßÒêÛÛ ,ÜÒÑÒßÜÀi ßêÒÛÞã, (äÛ äãßãÛ êÒâêã,ãØ ,ÒâÛÛ ßãÒÞÛ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ÇÑÞÈêã,Ài ß,,ß) ÇÀÞ äÒäÛÜflê , ãêÜã?ÒÜÛÛ ßêÒÛÝã,Ài äãã óëÜÀ [47, 51]. øÒ,ÀØ ãäÀê ßãÒÞÛã,ÜÛfl âãâê, ßêÒÛÝã,Ài ß,,ß ñÒâÈ Üã äã~ÒÝÜëêÈ, ~êã ÇãêÀ äã ,,ÒÜÒêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÛÜêÒäÒê^ÛÛ ÑÒßÜÀi ÛÜêëÑÛ,ÜÀi äãã ÛßÒÞÛ ãäÒÒÞÒÜÜÀØ ëâäÒi ÝÝ ÒÑëÞÈêê äÒ,ÛêÒÞÈÜãØ äÛ,flÑÝÛ ÛâiãÜÀi ãÇÑ^ã, Ý ÝãÜêÝêã,Àß ÑãÜß ÛÞÛ ÝãÜÝÒêÜÀß ,,ãÛÑãÜêß , äÒÒÞi ââÞãÒÜÜÀi âÒÛØ [50]. ùÜÝã , ÛÒÞÒ ßãÚÜã äÒâê,ÛêÈ âÛêë^Û, äÛ ÝãêããØ ÛÜéãß^Ûfl äã ëâÞã,Ûflß ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl äããÀ âêÜã,Ûêâfl ãâêëäÜãØ Ü ãâÜã,ÜÛÛ ÛÑë~ÒÜÛfl ãêÒÞÈÜÀi ãÇÑ^ã,, ÜÒ ÛßÒÛi flâÜã,,ã ,,ÒãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝã,,ã äãÞãÚÒÜÛfl. áÞfl êã,,ã Üã ÑÒÞÛêÈ äããë Ü éÝ^ÛÛ, ãÇã,,ÒÜÜÀÒ ÑÜÀßÛ ,ÛßÛ äÒ,Û~ÜÀi ÝëßëÞëâÜÀi ÝÛâêÞÞã,, ã^ÒÜÛêÈ ,Þã,ÀÒ âãâê,À êÛi éÝ^ÛØ Û ÛâäãÞÈÑã,êÈ Ûi , Ý~Òâê,Ò ÛâiãÜÀi äÛ ßãÒÞÛã,ÜÛÛ ,Üã,ÒâÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ [49]. ù~Ò,ÛÜã, ~êã êÝÛÒ ÛâÝëââê,ÒÜÜÀÒ "ÝëßëÞêÀ" äã ãäÒÒÞÒÜÛ éãßÛã,ÞÛâÈ ÛÑ ÒÛÜãØ ß,,ßÀ äÛ ãÜãØ Û êãØ ÚÒ êÒßäÒêëÒ, äãêãßë äÒÒâÒ~ÒÜÛÒ â~ÒêÜÀi êÒÝêãÛØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ , äãâêÜâê,Ò âãâê,-êÒßäÒêë ãÞÚÜã ãÜãÑÜ~Üã ÛÒÜêÛéÛ^Ûã,êÈ âãâê, ÛÜêÒÝëßëÞëâÜãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ, ãÇÒØ Þfl ãêÒÞÈÜÀi éÝ^ÛØ Û äããÀ , ^ÒÞãß. ýëÜã âÝÑêÈ, ÜâÝãÞÈÝã ,ãÑßãÚÜã ÒÞÛÑã,êÈ êãê äãiã , ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛfli ÑÒßÜÀi äãã. ùÜÝã , ãêÜã?ÒÜÛÛ ÞëÜÜã,,ã ßêÒÛÞ ßãÒÞÛã,ÜÛÒ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ÛÞÛ äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl ãêÒÞÈÜÀi é,,ßÒÜêã, ßãÚÒê ãÝÑêÈâfl ééÒÝêÛ,ÜÀß ÛÜâêëßÒÜêãß ÛÒÜêÛéÛÝ^ÛÛ ÛâiãÜÀi âäÞ,ã,. áÒØâê,ÛêÒÞÈÜã, ÞëÜÜÀØ Ò,,ãÞÛê ,ÝÞ~Òê ãÇÞãßÝÛ äãã Û ßÛÜÒÞã,, ÝãêãÀÒ â ÇãÞÈ?ãØ ,ÒãflêÜãâêÈ äÒâê,Þflê ÒÑëÞÈêê Ñë?ÒÜÛfl ãÜÛi Û êÒi ÚÒ ,,ÒãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝÛi êÒÞ-äãêãÝã,, âÛÞÞã, ÛÞÛ ÛÜêëÑÛ,ã,. ?êÛ ÇÒÝ~ÛÛ ê äÛßÒ âÛÞÈÜã ÒÑÛÜêÒ,,Ûã,ÜÜÀi Û âãêÛã,ÜÜÀi âÛâêÒß, ÝãÜêâêÜãâêÈ âãâê, ÝãêãÀi ÜÒâÒê äãêÒÜ^ÛÞ Þfl äÛßÒÜÒÜÛfl ,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝãØ êÒßãßÒêÛÛ. øÛ ÇãÞÈ?ãß ÝãÞÛ~Òâê,Ò ÛâiãÜÀi âãâê,ã, (é,,ßÒÜêã,) ÒÑëÞÈêêÀ äããÇÜÀi â~Òêã, äÛãÇÒêê âêêÛâêÛ~ÒâÝÛØ (,ÒãflêÜãâêÜÀØ) iÝêÒ [52]. ?ê ÛÒfl ÇÀÞ äãÞãÚÒÜ , ãâÜã,ë ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛØ äã ã^ÒÜÝÒ êÒßäÒêëÀ Û âãâê,ã, ßêÒÛÝã,Ài ß,,ß, ÝãêãÀÒ äã,ãÛÞÛâÈ Ü 72 ~âêÛ^i ãÇ. 63 500 ("ÔäãÞÞãÜ-16" Û 88 ~âêÛ^i Ò,,ãÞÛê "óëÜÀ-20" [47, 51]. ÿÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛØ âãâê, êÛi äãã ÛââÞÒã,Þâfl äÛ äãßãÛ INAA Û âéãÝëâÛã,ÜÜã,,ã ÑãÜ, ÛÞÛ ã^ÒÜÛ,Þâfl äãâÒâê,ãß ßââ-ÇÞÜâã,Ài â~Òêã,, ,ÝÞ~Ûi ÜÜÀÒ äã ßãÞÈÜãßë âãâê,ë Û âãâê,ß ßÛÜÒÞã,. × ÒÑëÞÈêêÒ êÒßãßÒêÛ~ÒâÝÛi â~Òêã, Û äãÛâÝ Ýãß-


8

ÔÛâÝÛÜ

äÝêÜÀi ÝÞâêÒã, ßãÒÞÈÜÀi ÚÛÝãâêÒØ ÇÀÞã ÛÒÜêÛéÛ^Ûã,Üã äflêÈ âÒÜÛi âãâê,ã,, ÝãêãÀÒ iÝêÒÛÑã,ÞÛ ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ ,ÒãflêÜÀÒ ÛâiãÜÀÒ âäÞ,À äÛ êÒßäÒêëi 1400/1240/1200Àû (Þfl äãã "ÔäãÞÞãÜ-16") Û 1250/1200Àû (Þfl äãã "óëÜÀ-20") - âß. êÇÞ. 2 , [51]. ×ÀâãÝãêÒßäÒêëÜfl äãÞÒ,ã?äêã,fl ÚÛÝãâêÈ, ,Üã,ÒâÜfl â ÜãêÛêã,Àß äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑãß äÛ 1400Àû, äã-,ÛÛßãßë, äÒâê,ÞflÞ êÒéÝê ,À~ÛâÞÒÜÛØ, êã,, ÝÝ ã^ÒÜÝÛ âãâê, êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài âäÞ,ã, äÛ 1240 Û 1250Àû ,À,,ÞflÒÞÛ ÒÞÛâêÛ~Üã. × ãÇãÛi âÞë~fli ãÜÛ ëÝÑÀ,ÞÛ Ü ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀØ âäÞ,, âãÒÚÛØ ~19.5 ßâ. % Al2O3 Û 11.8 ßâ. % MgO Û ,Üã,ÒâÜÀØ â ãÞÛ,ÛÜãß ~Fo90. ùâãÇÒÜÜã äÒâê,ÛêÒÞÈÜãØ ãÝÑÞâÈ ,,ëää ÛÑ 24 äãã "óëÜÀ-20", , ßêÒÛÞÒ ÝãêããØ âäãâêÜÒÜÀ é,,ßÒÜêÀ ?äÛÜÒÞÒ,Ài êãÝêãÞÛêã, [53]. øãÞë~ÒÜÜÀÒ ã^ÒÜÝÛ ÜÒ äãêÒflÞÛ ÑÜ~ÒÜÛfl Û äãäÒÚÜÒßë äÒâê,Þflê ÛÜêÒÒâ Þfl Ò?ÒÜÛfl äãÇÞÒß ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl êãÝêãÞÛêã,, ãÜÝã äÛ êãß ãâêÒêâfl ,ãäãâ, , ÝÝãØ ßÒÒ ÜÜÀÒ ,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝãØ êÒßãßÒêÛÛ é,,ßÒÜêã, ãÇ. 63500 Û äãã "óëÜÀ-20" ßãÚÜã âäãâêÜflêÈ Ü êãÝêãÞÛêã,ÀØ ß,,ßêÛÑß óëÜÀ , ^ÒÞãß. ðÑë~ÒÜÜÀÒ ~âêÛ^À ÜÒ ÜÞÛÑÛã,ÞÛâÈ Ü äÒßÒê "äÛâêÛÜÜãâêÛ", ÜÒâÞÛ äÛÑÜÝÛ ëßÒÒÜÜãØ ÚÒÞÒÑÛâêãâêÛ éÒßÛ~ÒâÝÛi ßÛÜÒÞã, Û ãêÚÞÛ ÑÞÛ~Üë âêÒäÒÜÈ ãÇÞÒÜÛfl Ò,,ãÞÛêã,ã,,ã ßêÒÛÞ [54]. õÀ äãâê,ÛÞÛ Ñ~ë Ñ,ÛêÛfl êÛi ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛØ Û ßãÒÞÛã,ÜÛfl ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀi âäÞ,ã,, ÝãêãÀÒ äÒâê,Þflê ÛÜêÒÝëßëÞëâ ãÜãÑÜ~Üã äÛâêÛÜÜÀi ãÇÑ^ã, [16], ,ÝÞ~Ûi ãÞÛ,ÛÜ â âãÒÚÜÛÒß 87-90% Fo (Ûâ. 3). ×ÀÇã ßãÒÞÛ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ Û êÒâêã,ÀÒ â~ÒêÀ øÛâêëäfl Ý êÒßãßÒêÛ~ÒâÝÛß â~Òêß, ÜÒãÇiãÛßã ãäÒÒÞÛêÈâfl â ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÛÒß ßãÒÞÛ éÑã,Ài ,Üã,ÒâÛØ. × ÜâêãflÒÒ ,Òßfl , Ü?Òß âäãflÚÒÜÛÛ ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝã ?×õ-äã,,ßß, äãÑ,ãÞflÛi ââ~ÛêÀ,êÈ êÒÝêãÛÛ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ äÛãÜÀi ß,,ß, ãê,Ò~Ûi ÑÒßÜÀß êãÞÒÛêã,Àß Û ëßÒÒÜÜã ÒÞã~ÜÀß ÇÑÞÈêß (ôùõÔÙõÔý [48, 49]), ÞëÜÜÀß ßãâÝÛß ÇÑÞÈêß (óü÷ÔõÔÙ [55]) Û äãëÝêß äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl ãÇÀÝÜã,ÒÜÜÀi iãÜÛêã, (õæýæùõùá [56]). ×ÀÇã ãäêÛßÞÈÜãØ ßãÒÞÛ Ñ,ÛâÛê ãê âãâê, âÛâêÒßÀ, â ÝãêããØ äÒâêãÛê ÇãêêÈ. úÒÑëÞÈêêÀ ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêã, â ßêÒÛÝã,ÀßÛ äããßÛ [26, 27] Û äÒ,ÀÒ ÜÜÀÒ ,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝãØ êÒßãßÒêÛÛ (âß. ,À?Ò) â,ÛÒêÒÞÈâê,ëê, ~êã ,,Þ,ÜãØ ãâãÇÒÜÜãâêÈ êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài ÝãêÒÝêÛÝ fl,ÞflÒêâfl Ûi ,ÀâãÝfl ,,ÞÛÜãÑÒßÛâêãâêÈ (ãÝãÞã 20% Al2O3), ,ÀâãÝÛÒ ÑÜ~ÒÜÛfl mg# Û ÜÛÑÝÛÒ âãÒÚÜÛfl âëßßÀ ÒÞã~ÒØ (ãÇÀ~Üã ßÒÜÒÒ 0.7%). øã ãêÜã?ÒÜÛ Ý ,,ÞÛÜãÑÒßë äÒâê,ÞÒÜÜÀÒ ßãÒÞÛ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ÜÒ ÛßÒê äÒÛßëÒâê, - ,âÒ ãÜÛ ÝÞÛÇã,ÞÛâÈ , ãÇÞâêÛ âãâê,ã,, âãÒÚÛi ÜÒ ÇãÞÒÒ 15-17% Al2O3. ×

äÞÜÒ ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãâêÛ äÒäã~êÛêÒÞÈÜÒÒ ßãÒÞÈ ôùõÔÙõÔý, Üã ÒÒ ÝÞÛÇã,Ý äã,ãÛÞâÈ Ü âãâê,i ÇãÞÒÒ ,ÀâãÝãØ ÒÞã~ÜãâêÛ - ,äÞãêÈ ã Na2O + K2O = 5%. øã,,ßßÀ óü÷ÔõÔÙ Û õæýæùõùá ãêÞÚÛ,ÞÛâÈ Þfl ÜÛÑÝãÒÞã~ÜÀi âãâê,ã,, ãÜÝã ßãÒÞÈ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ÞëÜÜÀi ÇÑÞÈêã, ÛÑÜ~ÞÈÜã ÇÀÞ ãÛÒÜêÛã,Ü Ü âÛâêÒßÀ ,ÀâãÝãØ ÚÒÞÒÑÛâêãâêÛ. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, ßÀ ãâêÜã,ÛÞÛ â,ãØ ,ÀÇã Ü äã,,ßßÒ õæýæùõùá, Ýãêãfl äãÑ,ãÞflÒê Ò?êÈ Ñ~Û, ÝâÛÒâfl ,ãÑßãÚÜãØ ,,ÒÜÒêÛ~ÒâÝãØ â,flÑÛ êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài ß,,ß â iãÜÛêã,Àß Ûâêã~ÜÛÝãß. áãäãÞÜÛêÒÞÈÜfl ÜâêãØÝ êãØ ßãÒÞÛ äã,ãÛÞâÈ Ü ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÞÈÜÀi âãâê,i, ÛßÒÛiâfl , ÇÑÒ ÜÜÀi ð÷þùú?ôû [50] Û ãê,Ò~Ûi ,ÀâãÝã,,ÞÛÜãÑÒßÛâêÀß (17-22% Al2O3) Û ÜÛÑÝãÒÞã~ÜÀß (Na2O + K2O < 2%) ÝãêÒÝêÛÝß Ol + Pl Á Opx äÛ 1200-1300Àû. øÒ,ÛêÒÞÈÜÀÒ â~ÒêÀ äãÝÑÞÛ, ~êã , ãÇÞâêÛ êÛi âãâê,ã, äã,,ßß õæýæùõùá äÛßÒÜã Ü 20Àû ÜÒãã^ÒÜÛ,Òê êÒßäÒêëë ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ, , ãêÜã?ÒÜÛÛ éÒßÛ~ÒâÝÛi ßÛÜÒÞã, Òê ÑÜ~ÒÜÛfl, Ñ,À?ÒÜÜÀÒ , âÒÜÒß Ü 15Àû. ?êÛ äãä,ÝÛ ÇÀÞÛ ,,ÒÒÜÀ , Þ,,ãÛêß â~Òê âããê,Òêâê,ëÛi êÒßäÒêë. ù ÒÞÛâêÛ~ÜãâêÛ âÝãÒÝêÛã,ÜÜãØ ßãÒÞÛ äãÑ,ãÞflê âëÛêÈ ÒÑëÞÈêêÀ â~Òê êÒÝêãÛØ ,Üã,ÒâÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ Þfl ãÇÑ^ã, äãÞÒ,ã?äêã,ã,,ã ÇÑÞÈê 68415.82 Û ?äÛÜÒÞÒ,ã,,ã ßÛÝãêãÝêãÞÛê 62295.48, ÝãêãÀÒ ÜÒÒ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÞÛâÈ , ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêi äã ãäÒÒÞÒÜÛ äãÞãÚÒÜÛfl Ol-Pl ÝãêÒÝêÛÝÛ , âÛâêÒßÒ OL-AN-SIO2 [27]. ×À~ÛâÞÒÜÛfl äã,ãÛÞÛâÈ â ?,,ãß ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ 1% äÛ ,ÞÒÜÛÛ 1 êß. , ëâÞã,Ûfli ÇëéÒ ÚÒÞÒÑã-,âêÛê, ,äÞãêÈ ã êã~ÝÛ äãfl,ÞÒÜÛfl ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ. ÷ Ûâ. 5 äãÝÑÜÀ ßãÒÞÈÜÀÒ êÒÜÀ ,ãÞ^ÛÛ, ,ÝÞ~ÛÒ ãÇÞâêÛ ,ÀÒÞÒÜÛfl ÛÑÇÀêã~Üã,,ã Ol (~6%, ãÇ. 62295) Û Pl (~60%, ãÇ. 68415), ÝãêãÀÒ âßÒÜflêâfl ÞÛÜÛflßÛ ÝãêÒÝêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ãÇãÛi ßÛÜÒÞã,. ?êÛ ÜÜÀÒ äãÝÑÀ,ê, ~êã âãâê,À êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài âäÞ,ã,, ââ~ÛêÜÜÀÒ äÛ äãßãÛ ßãÒÞÛ õæýæùõùá, iãã?ã âããê,Òêâê,ëê ëâêÜã,ÞÒÜÜãØ , ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêi éÑã,ãØ ,,ÜÛ^Ò ãÞÛ,ÛÜ-äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ. ùêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã ÝëêãØ ÜÝÞãÜ â~ÒêÜÀi ÝãêÒÝêÛÝ Ü Û,,ßßÒ OL-AN-SIO2 ,ÀÑ,Ü äãâÞÒã,êÒÞÈÜÀß ÛÑßÒÜÒÜÛÒß ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãâêÛ âÛâêÒß, ÜÒÇãÞÈ?ãØ â,Û,, äãëÝêã, ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ êãÝêãÞÛê , ãÇÞâêÈ äãÞÒ,ã?äêã,Ài âãâê,ã, ãÇëâÞã,ÞÒÜ ,ÀâãÝÛß ÑÜ~ÒÜÛÒß mg# = 0.81 Þfl ÛâiãÜã,,ã âäÞ,. õãÚÜã ãêßÒêÛêÈ, ~êã äãfl,ÞÒÜÛÒ ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ , ßãÒÞÈÜÀi âÛâêÒßi êÝÚÒ âã,,ÞâëÒêâfl â äÒâê,ÞÒÜÜãØ éÑã,ãØ Û,,ßßãØ (âß. ãÝãÜ~ÜÛfl ÝãêÒÝêÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÞÛÜÛØ Ü Ûâ. 5). ôãßÒ êã,,ã, ÇÀÞÛ äã,ÒÒÜÀ êÒâêã,ÀÒ â~ÒêÀ Ü âãâê,i ,ëi ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀi âäÞ,ã, ("1240" Û "1250"), ëâêÜã,ÞÒÜÜÀi äã ÜÜÀß ,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝãØ êÒßãßÒêÛÛ é,,ßÒÜêã, ãÇ. 63500 Û "óëÜÀ-20" [51]. ùÇ âãâê, ãÜãÑÜ~Üã ãê,Ò~ÞÛ Ol-Pl ÝãêÒÝêÛÝÒ
Ùæùÿðõð? < 5 2007


úùáðýæó?ûôðæ õÔÙõ? óü÷÷?ÿ ýúùôýùóðýù× SiO2 SiO2

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"Fo91" "ý = 1320" 1 4 3 75 50

úÛâ. 5. ×ÒÛéÛÝ^Ûfl âÝãÒÝêÛã,ÜÜãØ äã,,ßßÀ õæýæùõùá [56] Û ÒÑëÞÈêêÀ ßãÒÞÛã,ÜÛfl âãâê,ã, êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài âäÞ,ã, - êÒâêÛã,ÜÛÒ äãÞãÚÒÜÛfl ßãÒÞÈÜÀi ÝãêÒÝêÛÝ, äÒâê,ÞflÛi êÒÝêãÛÛ ,Üã,ÒâÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ âäÞ,ã, äãÞÒ,ã?äêã,ã,,ã ÇÑÞÈê 68415.82 Û ?äÛÜÒÞÒ,ã,,ã ßÛÝãêãÝêãÞÛê 62295.48 [27]; Ç - ÒÑëÞÈêêÀ â~Òêã, Þfl ,ÀÇÜÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã, Û ëÜÛê (ÜãßÒ âãâê,ã, äã ÜÜÀß êÇÞ. 1 Û 2). ôëÚÝßÛ ãÇãÑÜ~ÒÜÀ âÒÜÛÒ âãâê,À êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài âäÞ,ã, "T = 1320", "Fo88" Û "Fo91", äÛ,ÒÒÜÜÀÒ , êÇÞ. 3. ×À~ÛâÞÒÜÛfl äã,ãÛÞÛâÈ â ?,,ãß ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ 1% äÛ ,ÞÒÜÛÛ 1 êß. , ëâÞã,Ûfli ÇëéÒ IW ã êã~ÝÛ äãfl,ÞÒÜÛfl Opx.

(Á1% ÛÑÇÀêã~Üã,,ã ßÛÜÒÞ), iãêfl êÒßäÒêëÀ, ââ~ÛêÜÜÀÒ äã äã,,ßßÒ õæýæùõùá, ãÝÑÞÛâÈ Ü 20-30Àû ,À?Ò ßãÒÞÈÜÀi ÑÜ~ÒÜÛØ, äÒâê,ÞÒÜÜÀi , Ûâêã~ÜÛÝÒ. ù~Ò,ÛÜã, ~êã ÑÜÛÚÒÜÜÀÒ ã^ÒÜÝÛ êÒßäÒêë , Çãêi 80-i ,,ãã, â,flÑÜÀ â ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÛÒß ßÒÜÒÒ âã,Ò?ÒÜÜÀi ,ÒâÛØ ,,ÒãêÒßãßÒêã, äÛ ÑÇãêÝÒ Ü?Ûi ÜÜÛi ßãÒÞÒØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ [49]. ×ÀÇã ãÇÑ^ã, Û ÝãÒÝ^Ûfl ÛâiãÜÀi âãâê,ã, øÛ ,ÀÇãÒ ãÇÑ^ã, Þfl ,À~ÛâÞÒÜÛØ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÞÛâÈ âÞÒëÛÒ ÝÛêÒÛÛ: êãÝêãÞÛêÀ ãê,Ò~ê ,ÀâãÝãØ âêÒäÒÜÛ äÛâêÛÜÜãâêÛ - ãê 6 ã 9 [16], âÞãÚÒÜÀ ãÞÛ,ÛÜãß âãâê, Fo87-90 (Ûâ. 3) Û âãÒÚê ÜÒ ÇãÞÒÒ 95% ßãÞÈÜã,,ã Pl. ×âÒ,,ã ãÇÜëÚÒÜã 10 êÝÛi é,,ßÒÜêã, ßââãØ ãê 0.1 ã 155 ,,, Þfl ÝãêãÀi ÛßÒêâfl äÒêãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ Û ,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ ÜÜÀÒ (êÇÞ. 1). ÷ äÒ,ãß êäÒ ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛØ ÇÀÞÛ äã,ÒÒÜÀ äÒ,ÛêÒÞÈÜÀÒ â~ÒêÀ êÒÝêãÛØ ,Üã,ÒâÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ âäÞ,ã, êÛi äãã - , äãÞÒ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ÛÑÇÀêã~ÜÀi ßÛÜÒÞã, (Ol ÛÞÛ Pl) Û ,ãÞÈ Ol-Pl ÝãêÒÝêÛÝÛ. øãÇÞÒß âãâêãflÞ , êãß, ~êã ÞÛÜÛÛ ,ãÞ^ÛÛ ãâêêã~Üã,,ã âäÞ, ÒßãÜâêÛã,ÞÛ ?ÛãÝÛØ ÑÇãâ âãÒÚÜÛØ SiO2 Û Al2O3 Þfl ÝãêÒÝêÛ~ÒâÝÛi âãâê,ã,, äÛ~Òß ÜÒÝãêãÀÒ êÒÝêãÛÛ â âßã,,ã Ü~Þ "ëiãÛÞÛ" , ãÇÞâêÈ ÒÑÝã ÜÒãâÀÒÜÜÀi (<35% SiO2) Û ,,ÛäÒ,,ÞÛÜãÑÒßÛâêÀi (ã 30% Al2O3) âÛâêÒß. ÔÜÞÛÑ
Ùæùÿðõð? < 5 2007

0

100 AN

êã,,ã ,ãäãâ äãÝÑÞ, ~êã äãÇÞÒßÜÀÒ âãâê,À iÝêÒÛÑëêâfl äÛâëêâê,ÛÒß ÜãßêÛ,Üã,,ã ÜÒéÒÞÛÜ Û ÝÛÜÛê, , âÞë~Ò ãÇ. 15426c137 [60] - ßãÜêÛ~ÒÞÞÛê (êÇÞ. 1). ùêâëêâê,ÛÒ êÛi ßÛÜÒÞã, âÒÛ ßãÞÈÜÀi éÑ ÞëÜÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã, Û ÒÞÈÜã ÜÇÞÒßÀØ êÒÜ ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ äã Üä,ÞÒÜÛ Ý ÇãÞÒÒ "ÝÛâÞÀß" âÛâêÒßß (,,ÇÇãÜãÛêß Û ßãÜ^ãÛãÛêß) äãÑ,ãÞflê äÒäãÞ,,êÈ, ~êã ãêÝÞãÜÒÜÛfl , ãÇÞâêÈ ÜÒãâÀÒÜÜÀi äã SiO2 âãâê,ã, ÜÒ â,flÑÜÀ â äã,,Ò?ÜãâêflßÛ ßãÒÞÈÜÀi â~Òêã, Û ãÇëâÞã,ÞÒÜÀ âäÒ^ÛéÛÝãØ ÛâiãÜÀi ÜÞÛêÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÜÜÀi. ÷ÛÇãÞÒÒ ä,ãäããÇÜã êã ,À,,ÞflÛê Þfl ÝÒßÜÒÑÒß, âãÒÚÜÛÒ Ýãêãã,,ã ~âêã ã^ÒÜÛ,ê äã ÑÜãâêÛ ãê 100% â ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÛÒß ÒÑëÞÈêêã, INAA. øã êãØ äÛ~ÛÜÒ ßÀ äã,ÒÞÛ ÝãÒÝ^Û äãÇÞÒßÜÀi âãâê,ã, äã ßÒêãë äãÇ Û ã?ÛÇãÝ, ,ÈÛëfl âãÒÚÜÛfl SiO2 Û Al2O3 , ßÝi êã~ÜãâêÛ ÛÜâêëßÒÜêÞÈÜã,,ã ÜÞÛÑ (~2 ãêÜ. %). ?êÛ ,Û^ÛÛ äã,ãÛÞÛâÈ êÝÛß ãÇÑãß, ~êãÇÀ ÛâÝÞ~ÛêÈ äãfl,ÞÒÜÛÒ ÜãßêÛ,ÜÀi ßÛÜÒÞã, (Ne, Als, Mon), ãêâëêâê,ëÛi , ÒÞÈÜÀi ãÇÑ^i. áÞfl âãâê,ã, 1, 3 Û 4 , êÇÞ. 1 âãÒÚÜÛÒ ÝÒßÒÜÒÑÒß ÇÀÞã ë,ÒÞÛ~ÒÜã Ü 0.5-0.6 ßâ. %, ,,ÞÛÜãÑÒß äãÜÛÚÒÜã Ü 0.1-0.5 ßâ. %. × âÞë~Ò âãâê,ã, 5, 7 Û 10 äãêÒÇã,ÞÛâÈ ÇãÞÒÒ âëÒâê,ÒÜÜÀÒ ÛÑßÒÜÒÜÛfl, ÝãêãÀÒ, äã-,ÛÛßãßë, ,Àiãflê Ñ ßÝÛ ÜÞÛêÛ~ÒâÝÛi äã,,Ò?ÜãâêÒØ - êÛ êÛ âãâê,À ÇÀÞÛ ÛâÝÞ~ÒÜÀ ÛÑ äãâÞÒëÒ,,ã ââßãêÒÜÛfl. ûãâê,À 2, 6, 8 Û 9 ÇÀÞÛ ãâê,ÞÒÜÀ

0


10

ÔÛâÝÛÜ

ýÇÞÛ^ 1. ÿÝêÒÛâêÛÝÛ êãÝêãÞÛêã, Û ëÜÛê, ÝãêãÀÒ ßã,,ëê ÇÀêÈ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÀ , ^ÒÞfli ÒÝãÜâêëÝ^ÛÛ âãâê,ã, ÛâiãÜÀi ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀi âäÞ,ã, øßÒê 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 9 55.2 39.93** 87.2 94 93 4 - - -

øø 7 7 6 õââ, ,, 0.23 89 0.67 SiO2, ßâ. % 43.63 (43.14)* 42.56 Fo An Ol Pl Ne Als Mon 87.2 94.7 Ü 70 0.15 2.02 - 87.3 93.5 ~45 55 - 0.37 -

6 6 9 8 7 2 0. 1 155 0.49 0.34 43.42 (35.41) 42.9 42.14 (43.6) ûÒÜÛÒ âãâê,À ßÛÜÒÞã,, ßãÞ. % 87.5 87.5 88 87.5 88.7 89 94.4 94.5 95 95.5 95.1 95.1 õãÞÈÜÀÒ äãäã^ÛÛ ßÛÜÒÞã,, ãÇ. % 30 Ü 65 37 38 37*** 70 70 35 58 61 29 ÿÝêÒÛâêÛÝÛ ÜãßêÛ,Üã,,ã âãâê,, ßâ. % 0.24 0.29 0.82 - 1.37 - - 0.14 - - 0.62 - - - 16.12 - - -

7 6 0.49 0.14 (43.7) (44.2) 89 95.3 Ü ~40 - - - 89.9 97.1 Ü >90 1.05 - -

øÛßÒ~ÜÛfl. 1-10 - êãÝêãÞÛêÀ: 1 - 14 305c264 [57], 2 - 14 304c95 ("a") [58], 3 - 14 179c6 [59], 4 - 14 303c194 [57], 5 - 15 426c137 [60]; 6 - 76 535.21-22 [41], 7 - 72 705c1 [61], 8 - 14 305c317 [62], 9 - 14 305c358 ("w6") [63], 10 - 14 305c361 MgA ("w7") [63]; 11 - ëÜÛê 72 415 [22]. øø - äãÝÑêÒÞÈ äÛâêÛÜÜãâêÛ [16]. ÷ãßêÛ,ÜÀÒ ÝãßäãÜÒÜêÀ: Ne - NaAlSiO4, Als - Al2SiO5, Mon - Ca(Mg,Fe)SiO4. * ù^ÒÜÒÜã äã ÑÜãâêÛ ãê 100%, ** â~Òê äã ÇÞÜâë ßââ, *** äÞâ 33% ßãÞÈÜã,,ã ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ.

ýÇÞÛ^ 2. ûÝãÒÝêÛã,ÜÜÀÒ âãâê,À êãÝêãÞÛêã, Û ëÜÛê, ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÜÀÒ äÛ ÒÝãÜâêëÝ^ÛÛ ÛâiãÜÀi ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀi âäÞ,ã, ôãßäãÜÒÜê SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 1 43.74 0.04 27.17 2.80 0.03 11.31 14.41 0.43 0.07 - 2 43.21 0.17 16.64 5.54 0.07 25.24 8.69 0.28 0.15 - 3 43.32 0.03 23.05 4.46 0.05 16.14 12.50 0.38 0.08 - 4 43.60 0.03 26.72 3.14 0.03 11.68 14.31 0.41 0.08 - 6 43.13 0.05 20.81 5.02 0.07 19.20 11.46 0.20 0.03 0.03 8 43.74 0.13 21.97 4.21 0.05 17.66 11.74 0.44 0.06 - 9 43.84 0.13 21.77 4.01 0.05 17.76 11.94 0.45 0.06 - 11 40.90 0.03 1.46 11.62 0.13 44.67 1.17 0.02 0.00 -

øÛßÒ~ÜÛfl. 1-9 - êãÝêãÞÛêÀ, 11 - ëÜÛê 72 415. ûãâê,À äÛ,ÒÒÜÀ Ý 100 ßâ. %. ÷ãßÒ âãâê,ã, ãê,Ò~ê ãÇÑ^ß , êÇÞ. 1.

ÇÒÑ ÛÑßÒÜÒÜÛØ. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, ãÝãÜ~êÒÞÈÜfl ,ÀÇãÝ ,ÝÞ~Þ 7 ãÇÑ^ã, êãÝêãÞÛêã,, âãâê,À ÝãêãÀi äÛ,ÒÒÜÀ , êÇÞ. 2. ôãßÒ êã,,ã, ÇÀÞÛ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÀ ÜÜÀÒ ã âãâê,Ò ëÜÛê 72415, ÝãêãÀØ, ÝÝ äÒäãÞ,,ê, ÜÒâÒê äÛÑÜÝÛ ,,ÒÜÒêÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ãâê, â êãÝêãÞÛêãß 76 535 [22, 23, 41].

úÒÑëÞÈêêÀ ßãÒÞÈÜÀi â~Òêã, úâ~ÒêÀ äÛ äãßãÛ âÝãÒÝêÛã,ÜÜãØ ßãÒÞÛ õæýæùõùá äã,ãÛÞÛâÈ Þfl ,ÀÇÜÜÀi âãâê,ã, (êÇÞ. 2) äÛ ,ÞÒÜÛÛ 1 êß. Û ëâÞã,Ûfli, ãê,Ò~Ûi ÇëéÒÜãßë ,Üã,ÒâÛ ÚÒÞÒÑã-,âêÛê. ?,, ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ âãâê,ÞflÞ 1%, ßÝâÛßÞÈÜãÒ ÝãÞÛ~Òâê,ã ê,ÒÀi éÑ - 98%. ñÜ~ÛêÒÞÈÜfl âêÒäÒÜÈ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ßãÒÞÈÜÀi âÛâêÒß â,flÑÜ â
Ùæùÿðõð? < 5 2007


úùáðýæó?ûôðæ õÔÙõ? óü÷÷?ÿ ýúùôýùóðýù×

11

ýÇÞÛ^ 3. ûãâê,À äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀi âäÞ,ã, ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãØ â,ÛêÀ, ââ~ÛêÜÜÀÒ äÛ äãßãÛ ÜÜÒØ Û âã,ÒßÒÜÜãØ ßãÒÞÛ ,Üã,ÒâÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ßêÒÛÝã,Ài ÞëÜÜÀi äãã ôãßäãÜÒÜê SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 T, ÀC Fo (ßãÞ. %) An (ßãÞ. %) I (n = 24) 46.77 0.53 19.52 7.82 - 11.89 12.88 0.45 0.14 - 1250 88-89 95-96 II (n = 7) 43.82 0.11 25.07 4.41 0.05 12.61 13.37 0.45 0.10 0.01 (0.25) (0.08) (0.28) (0.52) (0.01) (0.08) (0.32) (0.09) (0.05) (0.01) III (Fo88, n = 3) 47.91 0.59 17.91 8.18 0.13 11.18 12.95 0.64 0.24 0.26 (2.15) (0.13) (0.97) (0.42) (0.02) (0.10) (0.73) (0.18) (0.09) (0.11) IV (Fo91, n = 7) 45.14 0.36 22.73 6.76 0.10 11.58 12.37 0.72 0.20 0.05 (0.94) (0.22) (0.94) (0.28) (0.01) (0.23) (0.56) (0.18) (0.10) (0.03)

1320 94.2 Á 0.6 97.9 Á 0.4

1254 Á 10 88 95.4 Á 1.0

1288 Á10 91 95.8 Á 1.0

øÛßÒ~ÜÛÒ. õãÒÞÈÜÀÒ âäÞ,À, ââ~ÛêÜÜÀÒ Þfl: I - ~âêÛ^ Ò,,ãÞÛê óëÜÀ-20 [51]; II-IV - ,ÀÇÜÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã, (êÇÞ. 2) â ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÛÒß âÝãÒÝêÛã,ÜÜãØ ,ÒâÛÛ ßãÒÞÛ õæýæùõùá: II - äã ßÒêãë ÜÞÛÑ Û,,ßß âäÞ, - êÒßäÒêë (Ûâ. 6); III, IV - äã ëâÞã,Û ,Üã,ÒâÛfl â ãÞÛ,ÛÜãß Fo88 Û Fo91 (Ûâ. 7). ûãâê,À äÛ,ÒÒÜÀ Ý 100 ßâ. %; , âÝãÇÝi Üã âêÜêÜãÒ ãêÝÞãÜÒÜÛÒ (1).

äãêÒÜ^ÛÞÈÜã ,ÀâãÝÛß âãÒÚÜÛÒß ßÛÜÒÞã, ÝëßëÞëâ Û âêÒßÞÒÜÛÒß äãâÞÒÛêÈ ,ãÞ^Û âãâê, âäÞ, ,äÞãêÈ ã äãfl,ÞÒÜÛfl ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã ÜÛÑÝãêÒßäÒêëÜÀi éÑ (Opx ÛÞÛ Pig) äÛ T < 1250Àû. úâ~ÒêÀ Þfl êãÝêãÞÛêã, äãÝÑÞÛ, ~êã , äflêÛ âÞë~fli äÒ,Àß ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑã,Þâfl ãÞÛ,ÛÜ (~1410-1580Àû). áÞfl ,ëi ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ ,,ÞÛÜãÑÒßÛâêÀi âãâê,ã, (1 Û 4 , êÇÞ. 2) ÞÛÝ,ÛëâÜãØ éÑãØ äÛ 1356 Û 1349Àû fl,ÞflÞâfl äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ. ÷ÒÑ,ÛâÛßã ãê äãflÝ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ,âÒ êãÝêãÞÛêã,ÀÒ âãâê,À ",Àiãflê" Ü Ol-Pl ÝãêÒÝêÛÝë äÛ 1308-1326Àû. ýÒêÈÛß ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑëÒêâfl ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ - ,ã ,âÒi âÞë~fli äÛ âãÒÚÜÛÛ ÝÛâêÞÞã, ,À?Ò 94% (ßÝâÛßÞÈÜfl êÒßäÒêë äãfl,ÞÒÜÛfl Opx 1234Àû). ýÒÝêãÛfl ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ âäÞ, ëÜÛê ÒßãÜâêÛëÒê ãÇ?ÛÜãÒ äãÞÒ âêÇÛÞÈÜãâêÛ ãÞÛ,ÛÜ (1728-1261Àû, 0-93% ÝÛâêÞÞã,); äÛ ÇãÞÒÒ ,ÀâãÝãØ äãäã^ÛÛ ê,ÒÀi éÑ äãfl,Þflêâfl äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ Û ãêãäÛãÝâÒÜ (96%, 1242Àû). áÞfl äãâÞÒëÒ,,ã ÜÞÛÑ ÒÑëÞÈêêã, ,À~ÛâÞÒÜÛØ ,ÚÜã ãêßÒêÛêÈ, ~êã ÛâiãÜÀÒ âãâê,À Þfl ,âÒi âÒßÛ ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã, äÛ äãÒ^Ûã,ÜÛÛ Ü Û,,ßßë OL-AN-SIO2 äãäê , äãÞÒ ?äÛÜÒÞÛ (Ûâ. 5Ç). ?êã ãÑÜ~Òê, ~êã Ü~ÞÈÜÀÒ âêÛÛ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ßãÒÞÈÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài âÛâêÒß ãÞÚÜÀ ,ÝÞ~êÈ ,ÀÒÞÒÜÛÒ ÇÞ,,ããÜãØ ?äÛÜÒÞÛ - äÞÒãÜâê. × Ñ,ÛâÛßãâêÛ ãê ÛâiãÜã,,ã âãâê, êãê ?äÛÜÒÞÛ ßãÚÒê âê,ãÛêÈâfl , ÜÛÑÝãêÒßäÒÙæùÿðõð? < 5 2007

êëÜÀi âäÞ,i ÛÞÛ âãiÜÛêÈâfl , Ý~Òâê,Ò ÒÞÛÝêã,ãØ éÑÀ âÒÛ äãÑÜÛi äãëÝêã, ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ. û ë~Òêãß êã,,ã éÝê Ol-Pl ÝãêÒÝêÛÝÛ , äãÞÒ ?äÛÜÒÞÛ âÞÒëÒê ââßêÛ,êÈ ÝÝ êÒéÝê ,ÀâãÝãêÒßäÒêëÜÀi â~Òêã,, ÝãêãÀØ, ãÜÝã, ÜÒ ãÞÚÒÜ âÝÑÀ,êÈâfl Ü ÒÞÛâêÛ~ÜãâêÛ âãâê,ã, âäÞ,ã, Ñ äÒÒÞßÛ äãÞfl ëâêãØ~Û,ãâêÛ ?äÛÜÒÞÛ. ùÇ ãâãÇÒÜÜãâêfli ,ãÞ^ÛÛ êÛi ßãÒÞÈÜÀi ÚÛÝãâêÒØ äãÑ,ãÞflê âëÛêÈ ,,éÛÝÛ Ü Ûâ. 6. ñÒâÈ äÒâê,ÞÒÜÀ êÒßäÒêëÜÀÒ Ñ,ÛâÛßãâêÛ âãÒÚÜÛØ äÒêã,,ÒÜÜÀi ÝãßäãÜÒÜêã, Þfl âäÞ,ã, ,ÀÇÜÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã, Û ëÜÛê (êÇÞ. 2). óÛÜÛÛ êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài âäÞ,ã, iÝêÒÛÑëê ãÇÀ~Üë ,ãÞ^Û äÛ äãÜÛÚÒÜÛÛ êÒßäÒêëÀ, Ýãêãfl ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝã ÑÞÛ~Òêâfl , äãÞÒ ÛÑÇÀêã~Üã,,ã Ol Û Pl, Üã ÒßãÜâêÛëÒê ãÇÛÒ êÒÜÒÜ^ÛÛ ÛÑßÒÜÒÜÛfl ,ãÞÈ êÒÝêãÛÛ ÝãêÒÝêÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ,Üã,ÒâÛfl. øã êãØ äÛ~ÛÜÒ äÛ äÒÒâ~ÒêÒ Ü ÜãßêÛ,ÜÀÒ ÝãßäãÜÒÜêÀ , âÛâêÒßÒ OL-AN-SIO2 ÞÛÜÛÛ ,ãÞ^ÛÛ êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài ÚÛÝãâêÒØ éãßÛëê ãâêêã~Üã ÝãßäÝêÜë ,,ëääë Ol-Pl ÝãêÒÝêÛÝ (Ûâ. 5Ç). ùÜÝã êÝfl âã,,Þâã,ÜÜãâêÈ ÜÒ ÜÒâÒê ,,ÒÜÒêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÛÜéãß^ÛÛ, ãêÚfl ãâãÇÒÜÜãâêÛ êãäãÞã,,ÛÛ ßãÒÞÈÜãØ âÛâêÒßÀ. ×Û^ÛÛ âãÒÚÜÛØ ÝãÜÝÒêÜÀi ÝãßäãÜÒÜêã, Ü Ûâ. 6 äãÑ,ãÞflê äã,ÒâêÛ ã^ÒÜÝÛ ÜÒÝãêãÀi ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛãÜÜÀi äßÒêã,. øÒÚÒ ,âÒ,,ã, êã ÝâÒêâfl êÒßäÒêëÀ. ÿÝêÒÜfl âÜãäã,ÛÜfl éãß âÒßÒØâê, â~Òê-


12

1550 1500 1450 1400 1350 1300 ýÒßäÒêë, ÀC 1250 1200 SiO2 0 1 2 3 TiO2 4 5 10 15 20 Al2O3 25 30 0 5 10 15 FeO 20 ÔÛâÝÛÜ

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1550 1500 1450 1400 1350 1300 1250 1200 MgO 0 5 10 15 20

ûãâê,À âäÞ,ã,: êãÝêãÞÛêÀ ëÜÛê 72415

CaO 0 5 10 15 20 0 1 2 3

Na2O 4 50 0.2 0.4

K2O 0.6 0.8 1.0

Ùæùÿðõð? < 5 2007

úÛâ. 6. ñ,ÛâÛßãâêÛ âãâê, ãâêêã~ÜãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ ãê êÒßäÒêëÀ, ââ~ÛêÜÜÀÒ äã ÒÑëÞÈêêß ßãÒÞÛã,ÜÛfl ,Üã,ÒâÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ âäÞ,ã, êãÝêãÞÛêã, Û ëÜÛê 724 215 (êÇÞ. 2). ÙãÛÑãÜêÞÈÜÀØ äëÜÝêÛ ãê,Ò~Òê êÒßäÒêëÒ 1320Àû, Ýãêãfl (Á10Àû) äÒâê,ÞflÒê ãÇÞâêÈ äÒÒâÒ~ÒÜÛfl (ÝãßäÝêÜã,,ã â,,ëÒÜÛfl) ßãÒÞÈÜÀi êÒÝêãÛØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ Û ßÝÛëÒê ,ÒiÜÛØ äÒÒÞ ,ãÑßãÚÜÀi ëâÞã,ÛØ ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài ß,,ß. óÛÜÛfl ,Üã,ÒâÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ âäÞ, ëÜÛê äÛiãÛê , äãÞÒ êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài ÝãêÒÝêÛÝ äÛ êÒßäÒêëÒ ãÝãÞã 1250Àû.


úùáðýæó?ûôðæ õÔÙõ? óü÷÷?ÿ ýúùôýùóðýù× 100 "ý = 1320"

13

Fo, ßãÞ. %

95

90

85 0

5

10

20 15 FeO, ßâ. %

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35 40 45 MgO, ßâ. %

úÛâ. 7. ñ,ÛâÛßãâêÛ âãÒÚÜÛfl Fo , ãÞÛ,ÛÜÒ ãê âãâê, ãâêêã~ÜãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ, ââ~ÛêÜÜÀÒ äã ÒÑëÞÈêêß ßãÒÞÛã,ÜÛfl ,Üã,ÒâÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ âäÞ,ã, êãÝêãÞÛêã, Û ëÜÛê 724 215 (êÇÞ. 2). ÙãÛÑãÜêÞÈÜÀÒ äëÜÝêÛÀ ãê,Ò~ê âãÒÚÜÛ 88 Û 91 ßãÞ. % Fo. óÛÜÛfl ,Üã,ÒâÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ âäÞ, ëÜÛê "äÛiãÛê" , äãÞÒ êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài âãâê,ã,, ,Üã,ÒâÜÀi â Fo87. ôëÚÝßÛ ãÇãÑÜ~ÒÜÀ âÒÜÛÒ âãâê,À êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài âäÞ,ã, "T = 1320", "Fo88" Û "Fo91", äÛ,ÒÒÜÜÀÒ , êÇÞ. 3.

ÜÀi êÒÝêãÛØ â,ÛÒêÒÞÈâê,ëÒê, ~êã ÝãßäÝêÜÀÒ ÝÞâêÒÀ ßãÒÞÈÜÀi âãâê,ã, ,,ëääÛëêâfl ,ÇÞÛÑÛ 1320Àû - êã ÑÜ~ÒÜÛÒ ßãÚÜã ââßêÛ,êÈ ÝÝ ,ÒiÜÛØ äÒÒÞ ,ÒãflêÜãØ êÒßäÒêëÀ êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài ß,,ß. ûÒÜÛØ âãâê, ßãÒÞÈÜãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ, ââ~ÛêÜÜãØ Þfl âÒßÛ êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài âäÞ,ã, äÛ 1320Àû, äÛ,ÒÒÜ , êÇÞ. 3. ?êã ,ÒâÈß ,,ÞÛÜãÑÒßÛâêÀØ (~25% Al2O3) Û ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀØ (12.6% MgO) âäÞ,, ÝãêãÀØ , äÛÜ^ÛäÒ ßãÚÜã äÛÜflêÈ Ñ âãâê, ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀi ß,,ß, ÒÝãÜâêëÛã,ÜÜÀi äã âãâê,ß ÞëÜÜÀi äãã. ùÜÝã ÒÞÛâêÛ~ÜãâêÈ êã,,ã âãâê, ,ÀÑÀ,Òê ,ãäãâÀ. ×ã-äÒ,Ài, ÚÛÝãâêÈ êÝã,,ã âãâê, äã ÒÑëÞÈêêß Ü?Ûi â~Òêã, ãÞÚÜ ÇÀêÈ ,Üã,ÒâÜ â Fo94 - äããÇÜÀi ãÞÛ,ÛÜã, âÒÛ äÛâêÛÜÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã, ÜÒ ÜÇÞÒêâfl (Ûâ. 3). ×ã-,êãÀi, äÛ äãÒ^Ûã,ÜÛÛ Ü Û,,ßßë OL-AN-SIO2 êãê âãâê, äãäÒê , ,ÀâãÝãêÒßäÒêëÜë ãÇÞâêÈ âêÇÛÞÈÜãâêÛ ?äÛÜÒÞÛ (Ûâ. 5Ç) Û ßÀ ÜÒ ßãÚÒß ë,ÒÒÜÜã ãê,Ò~êÈ Ñ ãâêã,ÒÜãâêÈ äãÞë~ÒÜÜãØ ã^ÒÜÝÛ. øã êãØ äÛ~ÛÜÒ äÛ ÒÝãÜâêëÝ^ÛÛ äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀi ß,,ß ÞëÜÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã, ÇÀÞã Ò?ÒÜã äÒÒØêÛ ãê ÜÞÛÑ êÒßäÒêëÜã-ÝãßäãÑÛ^ÛãÜÜÀi Ñ,ÛâÛßãâêÒØ Ý ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÛ Û,,ßß âãâê, ãÞÛ,ÛÜ-âãâê, âäÞ,. ÷ Ûâ. 7 äÛ,ÒÒÜÀ Ñ,ÛâÛßãâêÛ, â,flÑÀ,ÛÒ âãÒÚÜÛÒ Fo , Ol Û âãâê,À ßãÒÞÈÜÀi ÚÛÝãâêÒØ Þfl ÒÑëÞÈêêã, êÒi ÚÒ â~Òêã,, ÝãêãÀÒ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÞÛâÈ äÛ äãâêãÒÜÛÛ Ûâ. 6. ?êÛ ÜÜÀÒ äãÝÑÀ,ê, ~êã, ãäÛflâÈ Ü âãâê,À ßãÒÞÈÜÀi ãÞÛ,ÛÜã,, ßãÚÜã äãÞë~ÛêÈ ÇãÞÒÒ ÒÞÛâêÛ~Üë ã^ÒÜÝë âãâê, êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài ÚÛÝãâêÒØ. áÞfl Ò?ÒÜÛfl êãØ Ñ~Û ,ÀÇÜã , ,ãÑßãÚÜÀi âãâê, ãÞÛ,ÛÜ - Fo91 Û Fo88. øÒ,ÀØ ÇÞÛÑãÝ ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ
Ùæùÿðõð? < 5 2007

äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀß ãÞÛ,ÛÜß, ,êããØ ã,,ÜÛ~Û,Òê ßÝâÛßëß âäãâêÜÒÜÜãâêÛ âÒÛ äÛâêÛÜÜÀi ãÇÑ^ã, (Ûâ. 3). úÒÑëÞÈêêÀ â~Òêã, äãÑ,ãÞflê äãÞë~ÛêÈ âÒÜÛÒ iÝêÒÛâêÛÝÛ âäÞ,ã,, ÝãêãÀÒ ,Üã,ÒâÜÀ â Fo91 Û Fo88 - êÛ ã^ÒÜÝÛ äÛ,ÒÒÜÀ , êÇÞ. 32. ûÒÜflfl êÒßäÒêë ÇãÞÒÒ ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜã,,ã âäÞ, âãâê,ÞflÒê 1288 Á 10Àû, äÛ äãÒ^Ûã,ÜÛÛ Ü Û,,ßßë OL-AN-SIO2 ãÜ ãÝÑÀ,Òêâfl ,ÇÞÛÑÛ êã~ÝÛ ~ÒêÀÒiéÑã,ã,,ã ,Üã,ÒâÛfl Ol-Pl-Sp-âäÞ,. ×êããØ âäÞ, iÝêÒÛÑëÒê ,Üã,ÒâÛÒ Ol-Pl-âäÞ, äÛ 1254 Á 10Àû Û "ÞãÚÛêâfl" , âÒÒÛÜë ÞÛÜÛÛ ÝãêÒÝêÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ÝãÜêãÞfl - äÛßÒÜã êß, Ýë äÛiãÛê ÞÛÜÛfl ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ âäÞ, ëÜÛê 72415 (Ûâ. 5Ç). øããÇÜfl âiãÛßãâêÈ êÒÝêãÛØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ êãÝêãÞÛêã, Û ëÜÛê (âß. Ûâ. 6 Û 7) fl,ÞflÒêâfl äãê,ÒÚÒÜÛÒß ÝãêÒÝêÛ~ÒâÝãØ äÛãÀ ãÇã,,ÒÜÜÀi ãÞÛ,ÛÜãß é,,ßÒÜêã, ãÇ. 72 415-18, Ýãêãfl ÜÒÒ ÇÀÞ ëâêÜã,ÞÒÜ äã ,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛß ÜÜÀß [22, 23]. ?êã ÝâÒêâfl ,,ÒÜÒêÛ~ÒâÝÛi âããêÜã?ÒÜÛØ ßÒÚë êãÝêãÞÛêã,ÀßÛ âäÞ,ßÛ êÛä "Fo88" (1254Àû) Û "Fo91" (1288ÀC), êã ÑÒâÈ ,ãÑßãÚÜÀ , ,ÛÜê. ýÛ^ÛãÜÜfl ÛÜêÒäÒê^Ûfl ãâÜã,Ü Ü ÛÒÒ éÝ^ÛãÜÛã,ÜÛfl Û ãäëâÝÒê, ~êã ßÒÜÒÒ ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀØ âäÞ, fl,ÞflÒêâfl äãëÝêãß ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ÇãÞÒÒ äÛßÛêÛ,Üã,,ã Ûâêã~ÜÛÝ (âãâê, "Fo91" , êÇÞ. 2). ×êãfl ,ãÑßãÚÜãâêÈ ÇÑÛëÒêâfl Ü ÝãÜ^Òä^ÛÛ ,,ÛÇÛÛÑ^ÛÛ: , êãß âÞë~Ò âãâê,À "Fo88" Û "Fo91" ßãÚÜã ââßêÛ,êÈ ÝÝ äãëÝêÀ ââÛßÛÞfl^ÛÛ ÜãêãÑÛêã, âëÇiãÜÛêã,ÀßÛ âäÞ,ßÛ, ÝãêãÀÒ éãßÛã,ÞÛâÈ äÛ äÞ,2

ýãÞÈÝã ÛÑ âÒßÛ ââßãêÒÜÜÀi êÒÝêãÛØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ÇÀÞÛ ãâ~ÛêÜÀ ã ãÞÛ,ÛÜ âãâê, Fo88.


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ÔÛâÝÛÜ

ÞÒÜÛÛ äÛßÛêÛ,ÜãØ ßÜêÛÛ ÛÞÛ ãÞÛ,ÛÜã,Ài ÝëßëÞêã,, ãÇÑã,ÜÜÀi , äã^ÒââÒ ÜÜÒØ ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ óëÜÀ (âß. ãÇâëÚÒÜÛÒ Ûâ. 4). ñÔôó??æ÷ðæ ùÇÑã ,,ÛäãêÒÑ éãßÛã,ÜÛfl ÛâiãÜÀi ß,,ß Þfl äãã ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãØ â,ÛêÀ ÞëÜÜãØ ÝãÀ äã,ãÛê Ý ,À,ãë ã ,ÚÜãØ ãÞÛ äã^Òââã, ,,ÛÇÛÛÑ^ÛÛ, ÝãêãÀÒ ,ÝÞ~ÞÛ äÒãÇÑã,ÜÛÒ äãëÝêã, äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl Û ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ âëÇiãÜÛêã,ãØ ßÜêÛÛ Ñ â~Òê ââÛßÛÞfl^ÛÛ ÜãêãÑÛêã,. ?êÛ äã^ÒââÀ äãêÒÝÞÛ ãÜã,ÒßÒÜÜã â ÝãÜâãÞÛ^ÛÒØ ÜãêãÑÛêã,ãØ ÝãÀ Û äÛ,ÒÞÛ Ý ãÇÑã,ÜÛ ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài ß,,ß, fl,Û,?Ûiâfl Ûâêã~ÜÛÝãß (ãÛêÒÞÈâÝãØ ß,,ßãØ) Þfl äãã ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜãØ â,ÛêÀ ÞëÜÜÀi ßêÒÛÝã,. ÷ ãâÜã,Ò â~Òêã, äÛ äãßãÛ âÝãÒÝêÛã,ÜÜãØ ,ÒâÛÛ ßãÒÞÛ õæýæùõùá äãÞë~ÒÜÀ ã^ÒÜÝÛ âãâê, ,ÀâãÝãß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài âäÞ,ã,, ãê,Ò~Ûi ,Üã,ÒâÛ â ãÞÛ,ÛÜãß Fo88 Û Fo91 (êÇÞ. 3). ?êÛ âäÞ,À âãÒÚê äÛßÒÜã 11.5% MgO, Üã ÑÞÛ~ÜãÒ ÝãÞÛ~Òâê,ã ,,ÞÛÜãÑÒß (~18 Û 23% Al2O3). õÒÜÒÒ ß,,ÜÒÑÛÞÈÜÀØ Û ,,ÞÛÜãÑÒßÛâêÀØ âãâê, äÒâê,ÞflÒê, äã-,ÛÛßãßë, ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ âäãâêÜÒÜÜÀØ êÛä äÛßÛêÛ,ÜÀi êãÝêãÞÛêã,Ài ß,,ß Û äÛ äãÒ^Ûã,ÜÛÛ Ü Û,,ßßë OL-AN-SIO2 äãäÒê Ü ÞÛÜÛ ÝãêÒÝêÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ,Üã,ÒâÛfl ãÞÛ,ÛÜ-äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑ äÛ êÒßäÒêëÒ 1254 Á 10Àû. ùêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã ,,ÞÛÜãÑÒßÛâêÀØ âãâê, "Fo91" fl,ÞflÒêâfl ÇãÞÒÒ ,ÀâãÝãêÒßäÒêëÜÀß (1288 Á 10Àû), âããê,Òêâê,ëfl éÛ,,ëêÛ,Üfl êã~Ý äãÒ^ÛëÒêâfl ,ÇÞÛÑÛ êã~ÝÛ ~ÒêÀÒiéÑã,ã,,ã ,Üã,ÒâÛfl Ol-Pl-Sp-âäÞ, (Ûâ. 5Ç). ?êã äã~ÒÝÛ,Òê ,ÚÜë ãÞÈ ?äÛÜÒÞÒ,Ài êãÝêãÞÛêã,, ÝÝ ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ äÛßÛêÛ,Üã,,ã ßêÒÛÝã,ã,,ã ,ÒÒâê,, ãâêëäÜã,,ã äÛ ÛÑë~ÒÜÛÛ ÞëÜÜÀi äãã. ôãßäãÑÛ^ÛãÜÜÀÒ âããêÜã?ÒÜÛfl ßãÒÞÈÜÀi âäÞ,ã, ßãÚÜã ÛÜêÒäÒêÛã,êÈ , ßÝi ÝãÜ^Òä^ÛÛ ,,ÛÇÛÛÑ^ÛÛ. ù~Ò,ÛÜÀß éÝêããß fl,Þflêâfl ÑÞÛ~Ûfl , êÒßäÒêëÒ Û âãâê,Ò ÛâiãÜÀi iãÜÛêã,Ài ÚÛÝãâêÒØ, ÝãêãÀÒ ââÛßÛÞÛã,ÞÛ ÇÞÛÑÝÛØ äã âãâê,ë ÜãêãÑÛêã,ÀØ ßêÒÛÞ. ùäÒÒÞÒÜÜãÒ ,ÞÛflÜÛÒ ßãÚÒê ãÝÑÀ,êÈ êÝÚÒ êÒßäÒêë ââÛßÛÞflÜê [24, 25]. øãâÞÒã,êÒÞÈÜÀØ ÜÞÛÑ êÛi ,ãäãâã, äÒäãÞ,,Òê äãâêãÒÜÛÒ êÒßãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝãØ ßãÒÞÛ, ë~ÛêÀ,ÒØ ÜÜÀÒ äã âãâê,ë, êÒäÞãÒßÝãâêÛ Û êÒäÞãêß éÑã,Ài äÒÒiãã, Þfl ,âÒi Ò,,ÒÜêã, ,,ÒêÒã,,ÒÜÜãØ âßÒâÛ, , ÝãêããØ äãÛâiãÛê âê,ãÒÜÛÒ ÜãêÛê Ñ â~Òê ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ãÞÛ,ÛÜ [40]. úÒÑëÞÈêêÀ êÒßãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ßãÒÞÛã,ÜÛfl êãÝêãÞÛêã, â ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÛÒß âã,ÒßÒÜÜÀi ßÒêãã, â~Òê éÑã,Ài ,Üã,ÒâÛØ , ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑëÛiâfl âÛâêÒßi [50] äãÑ,ãÞflê ã^ÒÜÛêÈ ,ÒãflêÜë êÒßäÒêëë äãêã-ÝãÀ Û âãâê, äÛÝÛêãÛÜÀi âäÞ,ã,, ÝãêãÀÒ ßã,,ÞÛ

éãßÛã,êÈâfl , äãêã-ßÜêÛÛ Ü ÜÜÛi âêÛfli ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ óëÜÀ. úÒ?ÒÜÛÒ êÛi Ñ~ ÜÒâÒê äãêÒÜ^ÛÞ Þfl ÝãÜÝÒêÛÑ^ÛÛ âãâê, ÜÒÒäÞÒêÛã,ÜÜãØ ÞëÜÜãØ ßÜêÛÛ Û ÛâiãÜã,,ã ,ÒÒâê,, ÛÑ Ýãêãã,,ã éãßÛã,ÞãâÈ ÜÜãÒ äÞÜÒêÜãÒ êÒÞã [64]. Ô,êã ,ÀÚÒê äÛÑÜêÒÞÈÜãâêÈ Ù.û. ÷ÛÝãÞÒ,ë Û Ù.û. ÕßÛÜãØ Ñ äãßãÈ äÛ äã,,ãêã,ÝÒ ,,éÛ~ÒâÝÛi ßêÒÛÞã,. úÇãê äãÒÚÜ úãââÛØâÝÛß éãÜãß éëÜßÒÜêÞÈÜÀi ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛØ (,,Üê 05-05-64906) Û øã,,ßßãØ øÒÑÛÛëß úÔ÷, "øãÇÞÒßÀ äãÛâiãÚÒÜÛfl Û ,ãÞ^ÛÛÛ ÇÛãâéÒÀ ñÒßÞÛ". ûøðûùô óðýæúÔýüú?
1. Lowman, Jr. P.D. Comparative planetology and the origin of continental crust. // Precambrian Res. 1989. V. 44. P. 171-195. 2. Warren P.H. Growth of the continental crust: a planetary-mantle perspective. // Tectonophysics. 1989. V. 161. P. 165-199. 3. Taylor S.R. Planetary science: a lunar perspective. Houston: Lunar and Planetary Institute. 1982. 481 p. 4. Khan A., Mosegaard K., Rasmussen K.L. A new seismic velocity model for the Moon from a Monte Carlo inversion of the Apollo lunar seismic data. // Geophys. Res. Lett. 2000. V. 27. P. 1591-1594. 5. Lognonne P., Gagnepain-Beyneix J., Chenet H. A new seismic model of the Moon: implications for structure, thermal evolution and formation of the Moon. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2003. V. 211. P. 27-44. 6. úÛÜ,,,ë Ô.æ. øãÛâiãÚÒÜÛÒ ñÒßÞÛ Û óëÜÀ. õ.: ÷Ò, 1982. 293 â. 7. Ryder G., Wood J.A. Serenitatis and Imbrium impact melts: implications for large-scale layering in the lunar crust. Proc. Lunar Planet. // Sci. Conf. 8th. 1977. P. 655-668. 8. Spudis P.D., Davis P.A. A chemical and petrologic model of the lunar crust and implications for lunar crustal origin (Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 17th). // J. Geophys. Res.1986. V. 91. E84-90. 9. Wieczorek M.A., Phillips R.J. The structure and compensation of the lunar highland crust. // J. Geophys. Res. 1997. V. 102. P. 10933-10943. 10. Shearer C.K., Papike J.J. Magmatic evolution of the Moon. Amer. // Mineral. 1999. V. 84. P. 1469-1494. 11. Mueller S., Taylor G.J., Phillips R.J. Lunar composition: a geophysical and petrological synthesis. // J. Geophys. Res.1988. V. 93. P. 6338-6352. 12. Tompkins S., Pieters C.M. Mineralogy of the lunar crust: results from Clementine. // Meteoritics and Planetary Science. 1999. V. 34. P. 25-41. 13. Papike J.J., Ryder G., Shearer C.K. Lunar samples (Chapter 5). In: Planetary Materials (J.J. Papike, ed.). Washington, DC: Mineralogical Society of America. 1998. P. 1-234. 14. þÞãÒÜâÝÛØ ô.ø., ÕÑÛÞÒ,âÝÛØ Ô.ý., ÕëÇ Ù.Ô. Û . ù~ÒÝÛ â,ÜÛêÒÞÈÜãØ äÞÜÒêãÞã,,ÛÛ. õ.: ÷ëÝ, 1981. 326 â.
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úùáðýæó?ûôðæ õÔÙõ? óü÷÷?ÿ ýúùôýùóðýù× 15. Warren P.H., Wasson J.T. Pristine nonmare rocks and the nature of the lunar crust. Proc. Lunar Planet. // Sci. Conf. 8th. 1977. P. 2215-2235. 16. Warren P.H. A concise compilation of petrologic information on possibly pristine nonmare Moon rocks. // Amer. Mineral. 1993. V. 78. P. 360-376. 17. Shearer C.K., Floss C. Evolution of the Moon's mantle and crust as reflected in trace-element microbeam studies of lunar magmatism. In: Origin of the Earth and Moon (K.Righter and R.M.Canup, eds.). Tuscon: The University of Arizona Press. 2000. P. 339-359. 18. Dasch E.J., Ryder G., Nyquist L.E. Chronology and complexity of the early lunar crust. // Tectonophysics. 1989. V. 161. P. 157-164. 19. Borg L.E, Norman M.D., Nyquist L.E. et al. Isotopic studies of ferroan anorthosite 62.236: a young lunar crustal rock from a light rare-earth-element-depleted source. // Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 1999. V. 63. P. 2679-2691. 20. Snyder G.A., Borg L.E., Nyquist L.E., Taylor L.A. Chronology and isotopic constraints on lunar evolution. In: Origin of the Earth and Moon (K.Righter and R.M.Canup, eds.). Tuscon: The University of Arizona Press. 2000. P. 361-395. 21. Longhi J. A new view of lunar ferroan anorthosites: postmagma ocean petrogenesis. J. Geophys. Res. 2003. V. 108. E5083 (doi: 100.1029/2002JE001941). 22. Dymek R.F., Albee A.L., Chodos A.A. Comparative petrology of lunar cumulate rocks of possible primary origin: dunite 72415, troctolite 76535, norite 78235, and anorthosite 62237. Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 6th. 1975. P. 301-341. 23. Laul J.C., Schmitt R.A. Dunite 72417: a chemical study and interpretation. Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 6th. 1975. P. 1231-1254. 24. Warren P.H. Anorthosite assimilation and the origin of the Mg/Fe-related bimodality of pristine Moon rocks: support for magmasphere hypothesis (Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 16th). // J. Geophys. Res. 1986. V. 91. P. D331-343. 25. Hess P.C. Petrogenesis of lunar troctolites. // J. Geophys. Res. 1994. V. 99. E19083-19093. 26. Walker D., Longhi J., Hays J.F. Experimental petrology and origin of Fra Mauro rocks and soil. (Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 3rd). // Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta (Suppl. 3). 1972. V. 1. P. 797-817. 27. Walker D., Longhi J., Grove T.L.et al. Experimental petrology and origin of rocks from Descartes Highlands (Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 4th). // Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta (Suppl. 4). 1973. V. 1. P. 1013-1032. 28. Warren P.H. The magma ocean concept and lunar evolution. Annu. Rev. // Earth Planet. Sci.1985. V. 13. P. 201-240. 29. Shirley D.N. A partially molten magma ocean model (Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 13th). // J. Geophys. Res.1983. V. 88. A519-527. 30. þÒÜÝÒÞÈ õ.?. õãÒÞÈ ÜÜÒØ ß,,ßêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÛééÒÒÜ^Û^ÛÛ óëÜÀ. × ÝÜ.: ôãâßãiÛßÛfl Û â,ÜÛêÒÞÈÜfl äÞÜÒêãÞã,,Ûfl. õ.: ÷ëÝ, 1989. û. 105- 115.
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