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Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae) diversity from European Russia and Caucasus: insight from molecules and morphology
Alexey B. Shipunov1,2, Michael F. Fay2, Richard M. Bateman3 and Mark W. Chase2
1

Moscow South-West High School 2Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 3Natural History Museum, London


Phylogenetic relationships (Bateman et al., 2003)

Dactylorhiza Platanthera

Gymnadenia


Area and species density

1 2
1-5 6-9

10-12

> 12

Main centres of diversity: (1) Western Europe; (2) Caucasus and Turkey


Diploids, autotetraploids and allotetraploids
D. incarnata, 2n=40 D. elata, 2n=80 D. praetermissa, 2n=80

D. fuchsii, 2n=40

D. purpurella, 2n=80

D. maculata, 2n=80 D. foliosa, 2n=40

D. majalis, 2n=80

D. traunsteineri, 2n=80


Classification and ploidy level (Averyanov, 1990)

2n

4n

?


The level of inter-generic hybridisation (Averyanov, 1990)


Hybrid origin of some species (HedrИn, 2002, 2003; Pillon et al., subm.)

D. fuchsii

D. foliosa
tetraploidy

D. euxina

D. incarnata

D. maculata D. armeniaca D. elata, D. sphagnicola

D. D. D. D. D. D.

praetermissa, alpestris, majalis, traunsteineri, purpurella, baltica etc.


The total species number by person and time
49 Delforge (1994) 60 Averyanov (1990) 46 Baumann & Kunkele (1988) 30 Buttler (1986) 25 6 13 11 18 22 Baumann & Kunkele (1982) Su ndermann (1980) Soo (1980) Du perex & Dougoud (1955) Keller & Soo (1940) Keller & Schlechter (1928)
31 12 Vermeulen (1947) Klinge (1898) 20 20 Nelson (1976) Senghas (1968) 75 Averyanov (1990)

In Europe

Worldwide


Western Caucasus (Black Sea coast): 2000 km from Moscow

Dactylorhiza вarmeniaca

Dactylorhiza flavescens