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Sesame (Sesamum indicum)
Samuel Olson


Introduction
Sesamum indicum (common name: sesame)

Family : Pedaliaceae
14 genera and 70 species Exclusively old world

Herbs or shrubs with spurred flowers and ovaries

with axile placentation that often develop hooks or prickles as the fruit wall begins to decompose (britannica.com)


Geography
Very old plant, records of cultivation 4000 BCE in

Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq). Originated in India wild. Drought resistant, due to extensive root system. Will grow on the edge of or in deserts, nicknamed the "survivor crop"


Morphology
Annual plant Leaves opposite with three well defined lobes

Can grow up to 1.5 meters
Flowers are tubular with a 4 lobed mouth (white

or purple) Fruits is a capsule with 15-20 seeds in each fruit
Seeds are a flattened oval and can be white, black,

or yellow Seeds are very oily and sticky



Cultivation
Needs highly wet soil to germinate but excess

water late in season will kill them. Requires 90-120 frost free days and likes higher temperatures, 23 °C or higher Largest Producers of seeds are Myanmar, India, China, and Ethiopia. Over a billion dollars worth of sesame seeds are sold every year. Largest importer of sesame seed is Japan


Plant Usage
Has been used as an oil source since ancient

times
Great source of omega-3 fatty acids Great source of protein

In 2008, 65% of sesame crop was made into oil
Used in cuisines across Asia, Africa, the

Mediterranean, Central America, and the Caribbean. When made into paste it is called tahini, used in hummus (with chickpeas) and baba ganoush (with eggplant) Often used on bread products such as bagels



Historical Facts
"open sesame" used as a magic phrase in Ali

Baba and the Forty Thieves Origin of this phase
Old Hebrew used a word similar to sesame that

means ,,name of heaven Sesame was connected to Babylonian magical practices using sesame oil
Allergies
1 out of 200 people have an allergic reactions to

sesame Hard to determine with traditional tests (blood, skin)


Native American Uses
Old world crop exclusively
No uses


Fun Facts
In India the seeds are considered a sign of

immortality and are used in sacred rituals. 75% of Mexicos sesame seed production is bough by McDonalds. Brought to America by African slaves. Contains high levels of Zinc, Magnesium, Iron, Phosphorus, Selenium, Manganese, and Calcium.


Medicinal Uses
Health Skin, digestive health, arthritis relief,







asthma relief (Folk) Helps prevent Diabetes (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, AJCN) Promotes healthy heart (GreenMedinfo) Protect against DNA damage (presence of sesamol) (PubMed) Prevent Cancer (AJCN) Improved Bone Health (AJCN)


Any Questions?