Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://temporology.bio.msu.ru/RREPORTS/levich_teoreticheskie/4.pdf
Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Fri Feb 28 05:00:50 2014
Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Fri Feb 28 05:41:33 2014
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ni = f(i

i

54

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49

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44

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43

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R2

¦B ¦R @ 3A HU (E @ 3X E ¢6 3X U

Hc 3R ` Hc 7 7V Hk 3o e C n m

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H8 (E 3@ H` (E FY FU ¦h dR ¢j 7A 5 Fi 7E ` (X 3R q h ¦ @ 7A 5

SR

!Q H8 PE I HG FE D 7C B (A ¦@ @ 96 8 76 5

= 4.0628 - 0.0833i
¦8 HR 7E ¢5 I 3X (E Y R 7s PQ 3U 5 (6 WY tU (E ¦@ 7V ` 3A h 9R V u ¦s ¦R @ ¦e PR tU FI s 96 ¦8 (R (V R Pb HB U X

38

5

ln(ni) 77 -


8 (q 8R ¢ ¢` ¢` ¦q 1I ~ ¦ ¦ R @Q q @Q X @Q ¦V x ¢` @q tV 8D g ¦ ¢ ¦D ux 8y @ ¦X 8 y Gt U ¦S ¦R R @q 8V d 8S y ¢ D 3` ( ¦R R @Q q (` 3 tP ¦ ¦ R @Q q @Q X @Q ¦V x ¢` @q tV ¦ 3 P

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y t (Q R %q ¢ 3Q ¢y D ¢` GQ 8s 3d 3 ¢ ` uy ¦ ¦ R GQ 8{ ( ¢R 8D Q 8S 8y @ ¦X 8 y p cQ tb (Q 8 d (Q R D ¢Q 1q p @q ¢V 8D G ( BR 3m q BQ ¦D 8 ¢y D (` T @Q X v ¢m D 3` c b (` 8 y q v (q ¦R R @Q ¦X T (q eR B 3D P 8 ¦ ¢ ¦D R @q V q a ¦ ¦ R (Q 8R y @q @V I 3 3q X @Q X ea t z k !h 8o i s iy 1Q rp 8T 3 d Bq rD 8 d ¢` @Q ¦P ¢ 8D d @q ¦V x w vh 3u t h s ( BR 3m q ¢q @Q ¦X f ¢Q (Q R cQ fb (Q R

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c 8b @a 8I 3V X

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B 3D UP 3 B D

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8S Y6 3C H ¢` ¦Q % F 3 D C ¦9 ¢C BD @9 7 ¦ C T @Q 8H @5 X 8T (5 ¦R BR 89 B5 D ` x5 hC Bb ¦9 ¦C R @Q 1X @p I ¢` ¢` @q V v hC ¦b 8C ¢d ¢` @Q ¦P C 8a @5 8H 35 d w v UT ¦S ¦R R @Q @P 8I 8H (5 GF ¢E ¦D 8C BA @9 87 36 5

8b (5 BR 3E H BQ D 3q 8y @5 X @Q H 3` (5 WF

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115

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103

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92

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67

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65

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hi = 2

hi - h)

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ln(ni) = 4.9274 -

78

-

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Bl 3k 8j 3i i hh ( R @q 3V V q a w

g uf 3e ( 8H ¢d Bq UD ¦

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v

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2 = 9.488.

i

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E 3@ (Q ¦G G CB A (@ 37 8

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