Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://www.geogr.msu.ru/structure/labs/geos/personal/vasilchuk/Vasilchuk%20AK%20and%20Vasilchuk%20UK%20TICOP%20Vol%203%20RUS.pdf Дата изменения: Sun Jul 1 18:05:12 2012 Дата индексирования: Tue Oct 2 12:53:34 2012 Кодировка:

.., .. . .. , , ,


. , . , , . . : ; ; .


, . , . , , , , -. : , . ­ , , .


, [Vasil'chuk & Vasil'chuk 2010a,b] . : (), , . [Vasil'chuk et al. 1997], . . , , . . 63

25-20 . [Vasil'chuk et al. 2009]. 5­50 . , , 1 ­10 . , ( 2­5 ), 5 . , "". . . 0,2­0,8 18O 10: ­12,49 ­22,75, D ­91,7 ­171,9 [Vasil'chuk et al. 2009; Vasil'chuk 2010 ]. , . , , Sparganium (3-4%). . (2-3%). 7-36%. (2 -9%). , , , . 300-1300 ./. Pinnularia Pediastrum. . [Vasil'chuk 1992; Vasil'chuk & Vasil'chuk 2010a] 1 5 - . , 50 . . 3, - 2 , 5 . ,


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. , . 14 10 13 . . [Vasil'chuk 2007] . , 18 (­ 30,1; ­34,3), (22-27%), 4-14%, ­ 1-16%. , , , [Vasil'chuk 1992], . . , 4,5 - . - [Fujino & Sato 1986; Fujino et al. 1988]. . . . . , . ( 95-99%). , , : Betula sp. 48%, Alnus sp. 38%, Picea sp. 4%, Pinus sp. 1%, Carpinus sp. 1%, Ericaceae 16% . . . . [Fujino & Sato 1986] , , - . , , : . , , . , , .

0 , 5 0,2-0,3 , . . , 10-17%. - 1-2%. 2,5% . 2 5%, 2 12%, ­1-2%. . . , [Vasil'chuk 2010] 21-22 . ( 3-3,5 , 3 ), . - 2,5 , 3 . , .. [1990], , . - , . , . . (11-17%), ( 8-31%). 2 -4%. . (1-3%). 5-32%. , 2%. . , . . 1,40-7,0 - . 0,3-0,4 , 6-8 [Vasil'chuk 1992; A.Vasil'chuk 2005]. . - . ( 1 ) - 7 . , ­ 20 . .


.., .. , , . , . . [Bourgeois 1990, 2000], , , , , . , () . , , -, , , 95% , , , [Vasil'chuk

65

2007]. , , . . . . , , . Acer, Fraxinus, Quercus, Ulmus, Populus, Abies 3 23% [Bourgeois 1990, 2000; Bourgeois et al. 2000]. Acer, Fraxinus, Quercus, Ulmus, 10-12% [Fredskild & Wagner 1974]. , , (.1) , 1 [Vasil'chuk 2005].

1. , . . . ., () . () , . + . . + . . . , . , . ++ . . + . . . . . . . . . . .

Exotic (far transported) pollen Rubus chamaemorus Aquiherbosa Pollen Ericaceae Bryales Equisetum sp. Penecontemporaneous pollen and spores Diatoms

. + + + +++ + + +

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. + + + ++ ++ ++ +

. + + + ++ + ++ +

.

+. . . . . .

+ . . . . .

++ . . . . .

+++

.

.

.

: + ­ 0,1-10%; ++ ­ 10-20%; +++ ­ 20%

. 2 1 . ; 1-2%. ­ , , [Vasil'chuk 2005]. , .

­ . [Bourgeois 1990, 2000; Bourgeois et al. 2000] . [ 1982], , , , . . ( ) (1-3%)


66

. , , . , . , . . [ Khimenkov & Brushkov 2006]: 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; - . : 1) , , , , , , . , , . 2) , , . 3) . , . , , . -, , -, . ., , , [Knight 1997] , , , ,

Poaceae, Cyperaceae Polypodiaceae, , [, 2010]. Pinus sylvestris (26-36%), P. sibirica (9-16%), Betula sect. Nanae (8-11%), (18-26%); 1%. , [. Vasil'chuk 2005; Yu. Vasil'chuk et al. 2009]. . . [Bourgeois 1990, 2000; Bourgeois et al. 1985, 2000] , Potamogeton, Sparganium Typha , 1 1 . . , , , , . , ; 1-4%. , , . , , , (. . 1). , , , . , . Pinus, Picea, Abies, Acer, Fraxinus, Quercus, Ulmus, Populus, Abies Juniperus, Artemisia, Ambrosia. , , , , ( ). . , , (11%), (25-30%), (19-30%), (915%). (10 -27%). , 1-3%.


.., .. .

67


: ) , 50-1500 1 1 ; ) , , , , ; ) , , ; ) , , , , , . , : 1) Acer, Fraxinus, Quercus, Ulmus, Populus, Tilia, Abies, ; 2) , , ; 3) . .


, .. . ­ .: , 1990, 140 . , .. - . , .45, 1982, 130 ­ 136. Bourgeois, J.C. Seasonal and annual variation of pollen content in the snow of a Canadian High Arctic ice cap. Boreas. 1990. Vol. 19. N4. 313 ­ 322. Bourgeois, J.C. Seasonal and interannual pollen variability in snow layers of arctic ice caps. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 2000, Vol. 108, Iss. 1 -2, 17 ­ 36. Bourgeois, J.C., Koerner R.M., Alt B.T. 1985Airborne pollen: a unique air mass tracer, its influx to the Canadian High Arctic Annals of Glaciology., Vol. 7, . 109 ­ 116. Bourgeois, J.C., Koerner, R.M., Gajevski, K., Fisher, D.A. A Holocene ice-core pollen record from Ellesmere Island,

Nunavut, Canada. Quaternary Research. 2000, Vol. 54, N2, 275 ­ 283. Fredskild, B., Wagner P. Pollen and fragments of plant tissue in the core samples from the Greenland Ice Cap. Boreas 1974, Vol. 3, N3, 105 ­ 108. Fujino, K., Sato, S. Stratigraphic analyses of the massive ground ice body in Tuktoyaktuk, Mackenzie Delta, N.W.T., Canada. Charakteristics of the Massive Ground I ce Body in the Western Canadian Arctic related to paleoclimatology 1984­1985. Ed. K.Fujino. The Institute of Low Temperature Science. Hokkaido University publ. 1986, 9 ­ 36. Fujino, K., Sato S., Matsuda, K., Sasa, G., Shimisu,. O., Kato,. K Characteristics of ground ice body in the Western Canadian Arctic(II). Permafrost Fifth International Conference. Proceedings. Vol. 1. Trondheim. Norway Trondheim: Tapir Publishers. 1988. 143-147. Khimenkov, A.N., Brushkov, A.V. 2006. Introduction to the structural geocryology. Moscow. Nauka Publ. House. 279 p. (in Russian). Knight, P.G. The basal ice layer of glaciers and ice sheets. Quaternary Science Reviews. 1997, Vol. 16, Iss. 9, 975 993. Vasil'chuk, A.C. 2005. Pollen spectra formation features in permafrost areas of Russia. Moscow. Moscow State University Press. 245 p. (in Russian). Vasil'chuk, A.C. 2007. Palynology and chronology of polygonal ice wedge complexes in Russian permafrost area Moscow. Moscow State University Press. 488 p. (in Russian). Vasil'chuk, Yu.K. 1992. Oxygen Isotope composition of ground Ice (Application to paleogeocryological reconstruction). Department of theoretical problems the Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow State University, PNIIIS. In 2 volumes. Vol. 1. ­ 420 p. Vol. 2 ­ 264 p. (in Russian). Vasil'chuk, Yu.K. 2010. Massive ice of Bovanenkovo gascondensate field (The Central Yamal Peninsula). Engineering Geology. N3. 50 ­ 67 (in Russian). Vasil'chuk, Yu.K., Vasil'chuk, A.C., Budantseva, N.A., Chizhova, Ju.N., Papesch, W., Podborny, Ye.Ye., Sulerzhitsky, L.D. 2009. Oxygen Isotope and Deuterium Indication of the Origin and 14C Age of the Massive Ice, Bovanenkovo, Central Yamal Peninsula. Transactions (Doclady) of Russian Academy of Scienses, Earth Sciences. 429: 1326 ­ 1332. Vasil'chuk, Yu.K., Vasil'chuk, A.C. 1997. Radiocarbon dating and oxygen isotope variations in Late Pleistocene syngenetic ice-wedges, northern Siberia. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. Vol. 8, N3, 335 ­ 345. Vasil'chuk, A.C., Vasil'chuk, Yu.K. 2010a. Local pollen sp ectra as a new criterion for nonglacial origin of massive ice. Transactions (Doclady) of Russian Academy of Scienses, Earth Sciences. Vol. 433. Part 1. 985 ­ 990. Vasil'chuk, A.C., Vasil'chuk, Yu.K. 2010b. Comparison of pollen spectra of massive and glacial ices for cryogenetic indication. Earth's Cryosphere, Vol. 14. N 3. 15 ­ 28 (in Russian).