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Ùæùÿðõð?, 2008, < 3, â. 331-338

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ÔÞßÑãÜãâÜÀÒ ßÒêßãéÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ ÝãßäÞÒÝâÀ ÛßÒê ú-ý ëâÞã,Ûfl ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl [1], âããê,Òêâê,ëÛÒ êÝ ÜÑÀ,ÒßÀß "iãÞãÜÀß" ,,ÒãêÒßß â ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã ÜÛÑÝÛß ãêÜã?ÒÜÛÒß êÒßäÒêëÀ (ý) Ý ,ÞÒÜÛ (ú). ðÑ,ÒâêÜã, ~êã êÝÛÒ ,,ÒãêÒßÀ ÒÞÛÑëêâfl ÞÛ?È , ÑãÜi âëÇëÝ^ÛÛ Û ÝãÞÞÛÑÛÛ [2], äÛ~Òß Þfl ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ÞßÑãÜãâÜÀi ßÒêßãéÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÝãßäÞÒÝâã, äãâÞÒÜflfl ,,ÒãêÒÝêãÜÛ~ÒâÝfl ãÇâêÜã,Ý äÒäã~êÛêÒÞÈÜ [3, 4]. øã éãßÞÈÜÀß ÝÛêÒÛflß (ßÛÜÒÞã,,Ûfl, êÒÝâêëÀ, âêëÝêëÀ) ÞßÑãÜãâÜÀÒ äããÀ ÛÑ ßÒêßãéÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÝãßäÞÒÝâã, â~Ûêêâfl ßÒêßãéÛ~ÒâÝÛßÛ. ùÜÝã , äãâÞÒÜÛÒ ,,ãÀ äãfl,ÛÞÛâÈ äÒêãÞã,,ã-,,ÒãiÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ Û ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÞÈÜÀÒ ÜÜÀÒ, ëÝÑÀ,ÛÒ Ü ,ãÑßãÚÜãâêÈ Ûi ~âêÛ~Üã,,ã ÛÞÛ äãÞÜã,,ã äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl [5-12]. ûÞÒëÒê ãêßÒêÛêÈ, ~êã ÜÒÚÜÀi ÝÛêÒÛÒ, Û,,ÜãâêÛÝÛ êÝÛi âäÞ,ã, äãÝ ÜÒ ,ÀÇãêÜã. û,flÑÜã êã â êÒß, ~êã âÝããâêÈ äãÒß ëÞÈê,ÀâãÝãÇÜÀi (UHP) ÝãßäÞÒÝâã, Ý ÑÒßÜãØ äã,ÒiÜãâêÛ ÜÛÚÒ âÝããâêÛ éÑã,Ài äÒ,ÒÜÛØ, , ÒÑëÞÈêêÒ ßÒêßãéÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ ÒÝ^ÛÛ âêÛê âÞÒÀ äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl. ×ßÒâêÒ â êÒß ÜÜÀÒ ã éÛÑÛ~ÒâÝãß âãâêãflÜÛÛ äãã ÝØÜÒ ,ÚÜÀ, äãâÝãÞÈÝë ãê êã,,ã ,ã ßÜã,,ãß Ñ,ÛâÛê äãêÒÝÜÛÒ ,ÚÜÒØ?Ûi äã^Òââã,, âÒÛ ÝãêãÀi ÞßÑããÇÑã,ÜÛÒ Û äãÒß äãã Ý ÑÒßÜãØ äã,ÒiÜãâêÛ. øÒêãÞã,,ã-ßÛÜÒÞã,,Û~ÒâÝÛÒ ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛfl, âÀ,,,?ÛÒ ÝÞ~Ò,ë ãÞÈ , ãêÝÀêÛÛ ÞßÑãÜãâÜÀi ßÒêßãéÛ~ÒâÝÛi ÝãßäÞÒÝâã,, ßã,,ëê ÇÀêÈ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÀ Þfl Ò?ÒÜÛfl êÛi ,ÚÜÒØ?Ûi äãÇÞÒß. × ÜâêãflÒØ ÇãêÒ âããÇÒêâfl ã ÜiãÝÒ ÜÒãÇÀ~ÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ , ,,ÜêÒ ÛÑ ÞßÑãÜãâÜã,,ã ,,Üê-âÞflÜã,,ã ,,ÜÒØâ ÛÑ úëÜÀi ,,ã (ûÝâãÜÛfl), ßãéãÞã,,Û Û éÑã,ÀØ âãâê, ÝãêãÀi âÞãÚÜã ãÇflâÜÛêÈ , ßÝi ÛâÝÞ~ÛêÒÞÈÜã ê,ÒãéÑã,ãØ ,ãÞ^ÛÛ.

ÙæùóùÙð?æûôùæ øùóùìæ÷ðæ ð øæýúùóùÙð? (øù óðýæúÔýüú÷?õáÔ÷÷?õ) úëÜÀÒ ,,ãÀ âÞ,,ê ÝëäÜÀØ ÜêÛÝÞÛÜãÛØ , äããi ,ÛØâÝã,,ã ãâÜã,ÜÛfl Õã,,ÒßâÝã,,ã ßââÛ, , åÒÜêÞÈÜãØ æ,ãäÒ [12, 13]. ?ã ÝãßäÞÒÝâ âÞãÚÒÜã ßÛ,,ßêÛê-âãÒÚÛßÛ ,,ÜÒØâßÛ Û âÞÜ^ßÛ, , ÝãêãÀi ,âêÒ~êâfl ÞÛÜÑÀ ÝÞã,,Ûêã, Û äÒÛãêÛêã,. × êãØ ÚÒ êãÞÒ âÒÛ ßÛ,,ßêÛêã, Üiãflêâfl ÞÛÜÑÀ (äãêflÚÒÜÜãâêÈ ã ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝÛi âãê ßÒêã,) ÞßÑãÜãâÜÀi ,,ÜêâÞflÜÀi ,,ÜÒØâã, [14]. øã ,ÜÒ?ÜÒßë ,Ûë êÛ äããÀ ÜÛ~Òß ÜÒ ãêÞÛ~êâfl ãê ãÜãÛßÒÜÜÀi äãã, ?ÛãÝã âäãâêÜÒÜÜÀi , ÝãßäÞÒÝâi ëßÒÒÜÜÀi ,ÞÒÜÛØ. ÔÞßÑÀ , ,,ÜÒØâi úëÜÀi ,,ã ÇÀÞÛ ãêÝÀêÀ äã â~âêÞÛ,ãØ âÞë~ØÜãâêÛ - ÇÞ,,ãfl äãÇÞÒßß â äãÞÛã,ÝãØ ?ÞÛéã, [15]. øãÑÜÒÒ, äãßÛßã ÞßÑ, , êÛi äããi ÇÀÞ ãÇÜëÚÒÜ ÒÒ ãÛÜ, ßÒÜÒÒ ÛÑ,ÒâêÜÀØ ÛÜÛÝêã äã,À?ÒÜÜã,,ã ,ÞÒÜÛfl - äãÞÛßãéÜfl ßãÛéÛÝ^Ûfl ëêÛÞ - ÛãÝâÛ êÛêÜ âã âêëÝêëÜÀß êÛäãß PbO2 [16]. ÷ÛÚÜÛØ äÒÒÞ âêÇÛÞÈÜãâêÛ êã,,ã ßÛÜÒÞ äã ,ÞÒÜÛ Ñ,ÛâÛê ãê ÑßÒã, ÝÛâêÞÞ - Þfl ÜÜãéÑÀ ,ÞÒÜÛÒ ÜÛÚÒ Û âãâê,ÞflÒê ãÝãÞã 4 Ùø, Þfl ÇãÞÒÒ ÝëäÜÀi ÝÛâêÞÞã, - 6 Ùø [17]. × ,,ÜêÒ ÛÑ úëÜÀi ,,ã ãÇÜëÚÒÜ ÜÜãßÒêã,fl äÞâêÛÜÝ êã,,ã ßÛÜÒÞ "ÑÚêfl" ßÒÚë ,ãØÜÛÝßÛ ëêÛÞ ,ã ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛÛ , ,,ÜêÒ [16]. ÙÜê fl,ÞflÒêâfl ßÛÜÒÞãß-iãÑflÛÜãß Þfl ÇãÞÈ?ÛÜâê, ÝÛâêÞÞã, ÞßÑ, ÒÚÒ ÞßÑ ,âêÒ~Òêâfl , ^ÛÝãÜÒ Û ÝÛÜÛêÒ. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, ãâÜã,ÜÀÒ â,ÛÒêÒÞÈâê, ,,ÞëÇÛÜÜã,,ã äãÛâiãÚÒÜÛfl äãã âãiÜflêâfl ÛâÝÞ~ÛêÒÞÈÜã , ,ÛÒ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ , ,ÀâãÝãäã~ÜÀi ßÛÜÒÞi. ÔÞßÑ äÒÛßëÒâê,ÒÜÜã ,âêÒ~Òêâfl , äãÞÛßÛÜÒÞÈÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfli, , ÝãêãÀi ßã,,ëê ÇÀêÈ Ý,^, ÝÞÛÒ,ÀØ äãÞÒ,ãØ ?äê, éÞã,,ãäÛê, éÒÜ,,Ûê, ä,,ãÜÛê, ëêÛÞ Û äêÛê [12, 14]. ûÒÛ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ ,âêÒ~êâfl êÝÚÒ äâÒ,ãßãéãÑÀ ,,éÛê äã

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øÒâê,ÛêÒÞÈÜÀÒ ßÛÝãÑãÜã,ÀÒ ÜÞÛÑÀ ,,Üê Û éÒÜ,,Ûê ÛÑ ÞßÑãÜãâÜã,,ã ,,ÜÒØâ, úëÜÀÒ ,,ãÀ, ÙÒßÜÛfl ÙÜê ôãßäãÜÒÜêÀ ^ÒÜê SiO2 ýiO2 Ôl2O3 Cr2O3 FeO õäù MgO ûù Na2O ô2O ûëßß Si Ôl û,, Ti Fe3+* Fe2+ Mn Mg Ca Na ô ûëßß Mg/(Mg + Fe) Ca/(Ca + Mg + Fe) ÝØ â Qtz ÝØ c Phn 37.39 0.00 21.31 0.10 27.81 0.43 6.89 5.14 0.17 0.01 99.25 2.94 1.97 0.01 0.00 0.08 1.75 0.03 0.81 0.43 0.03 0.00 8.02 0.32 0.14 þÒÜ,,Ûê ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛÒ , Grt ßêÛÝâ

37.54 38.02 0.26 0.00 21.49 22.24 0.00 0.00 27.04 27.90 0.25 0.44 6.82 7.41 5.67 5.33 0.22 0.01 0.00 0.10 99.29 101.45 12 ÝÛâÞããã, 2.94 2.92 1.99 2.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.06 0.07 1.71 1.72 0.02 0.03 0.80 0.85 0.48 0.44 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 8.00 8.04 0.32 0.33 0.16 0.14

49.94 45.94 0.01 1.48 26.04 28.89 0.10 0.02 3.57 2.11 0.01 0.00 2.95 2.42 0.26 0.14 0.06 0.15 8.54 10.19 91.48 91.34 11 ÝÛâÞããã, 3.52 3.25 2.16 2.41 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.08 - - 0.21 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.26 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.77 0.92 7.00 7.06 0.32 0.36 - -

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200 ßÝß
úÛâ. 2. ôÛâêÞÞã,,éÛ~ÒâÝÛ ãÛÒÜêÛã,ÜÜÀÒ ,ãâêÝÛ (äãÝÑÜÀ âêÒÞÝßÛ) , ,,ÜêÒ. øÞâêÛÜ êãÞÛÜãØ 0.4 ßß. øÞãâÝã-äãÞflÛÑã,ÜÜÀØ â,Òê. áÒêÞÛ , êÒÝâêÒ Û Ü Ûâ. 3.

(ÑãÜ ,ãÑÇëÚÒÜÛfl ÒÜê,,ÒÜã,âÝã,,ã ÛÑÞë~ÒÜÛfl - äÒ,ÀÒ ßÛÝãÜÀ) ãÝÑÀ,Òêâfl ÜÛÚÒ ~ë,âê,ÛêÒÞÈÜãâêÛ ßÛÝãÑãÜ. × ^ÒÜêÞÈÜÀi ~âêfli ,,Üêã, (, êãß ~ÛâÞÒ Û , ãÒãÞi) ÜÇÞêâfl ãÛÒÜêÛã,ÜÜÀÒ Û,,ãÞÈ~êÀÒ ßÛÝãÝÛâêÞÞÀ ?ÛÛÜãØ < 1-2 ßÝß, ÞÛÜãØ - <200 ßÝß (Ûâ. 2). ýã~ÜÀØ iÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛØ âãâê, âêãÞÈ êãÜÝÛi ãÇÑã,ÜÛØ äãÞë~ÛêÈ ÜÒ äãâêã, êÝ ÝÝ , ÑãÜë ,ãÑÇëÚÒÜÛfl (ÛßÒê ~5 ßÝß) Ñi,êÀ,Òêâfl ßÛÜÒÞ-iãÑflÛÜ. øã ÛÜêÒ,,ÞÈÜãßë ?áû âäÒÝêë ãÜãÑÜ~Üã Û,,ÜãâêÛëêâfl ÞÛ?È ÞßÒÞÛ ëêÛÞ, éÑÀ â ,ÀâãÝÛßÛ âãÒÚÜÛflßÛ (ô, Mg) Û Na äÒäãÞãÚÛêÒÞÈÜã fl,Þflêâfl éÞã,,ãäÛêãß Û ä,,ãÜÛêãß, âããê,Òêâê,ÒÜÜã. û ë~Òêãß äã,À?ÒÜÜã,,ã ÛÜêÒÒâ Ý ãÛÒÜêÛã,ÜÜÀß ÞßÒÞflß , ëÞÈê,ÀâãÝãÇÜÀi ßÛÜÒÞi [18, 19] ãÇêÛß ,ÜÛßÜÛÒ Ü ëÜÛÝÞÈÜë ÞßÒÞÈ, âãâêãflë ÛÑ êÒi ,À?ÒëÝÑÜÜÀi éÑ (Ûâ. 3). ùÕûüìáæ÷ðæ úæñüó?ýÔýù× Ô,,ëßÒÜêÀ , äãÞÈÑë ~âêÛ~Üã,,ã äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl äããÀ ðÑ ãäÀê ÛÑë~ÒÜÛfl éÞÛÜÀi Û âäÞ,ÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ , ßÛÜÒÞi äãã ,ÀâãÝã,,ã ,ÞÒÜÛfl iãã?ã ÛÑ,ÒâêÜã, ~êã äÛ ,ãÑÜÛÝÜã,ÒÜÛÛ , ÜÛi ÞãÝÞÈÜã,,ã â,Òi,ÞÒÜÛfl, ,ÀÑ,ÜÜã,,ã ÛÑßÒÜÒÜÛÒß êÒßäÒêëÀ Û/ÛÞÛ ,ÞÒÜÛfl, ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl ßã,,ëê ÒÝÒäÛêÛã,êÈ (",ÑÀ,êÈâfl") â äãêÒÒØ ,ÒÒâê,. õãéãÞã,,Ûfl äãëÝêã, ÒÝÒäÛê^ÛÛ Ñ,ÛâÛê ãê éÛÑÛÝã-iÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛi ëâÞã,ÛØ âÒÀ, ,flÑÝã-ÞâêÛ~ÜÀi â,ãØâê, ßÛÜÒÞ-iãÑflÛÜ Û ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ, Ûi ,,ÒãßÒêÛÛ Û ÑßÒã, [20]. ûÒÛ äã~Ûi, iãã?ã ÛÑ,ÒâêÜÀ ãÒãÞÀ ÒÝÒäÛPhl? & Grt

?Ûi éÑ, ÑßÒãß ßÒÜÒÒ ãÜã,,ã ßÛÝãÜ. ùÒãÞÀ iãã?ã ÑÞÛ~ÛßÀ äã ãäêÛ~ÒâÝÛß ßÛÝãâÝãäãß, ÝÝ â ÜÞÛÑêããß, êÝ Û ÇÒÑ ÜÒ,,ã (Ûâ. 1). øãäÀêÝÛ ëâêÜã,ÛêÈ âãâê, Û ßãéãÞã,,Û êÛi éÑ â äãßãÈ ÞÒÝêãÜÜã,,ã âÝÜÛëÒ,,ã ßÛÝãâÝãä CamScan MV2300T, ãâÜÒÜÜã,,ã EDX ßÛÝãÜÞÛÑêããß â äãÞëäã,ãÜÛÝã,Àß ÒêÒÝêããß INCA Energy (ð?õ úÔ÷) ÜÒ ë,ÒÜ~ÞÛâÈ ëâäÒiãß: ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl ÜÛÝÝ ÜÒ ,ÀÒÞflêâfl Ü éãÜÒ ßÛÜÒÞ iãÑflÛÜ. û,ÜÛêÒÞÈÜÀØ ÛÜêÒ,,ÞÈÜÀØ ÜÞÛÑ ,,Üê Ü ë~âêÝÒ â ãÒãÞãß (20 ç 20 ßÝß) Û Ü ÜÞã,,Û~Üãß ë~âêÝÒ ÇÒÑ ÜÒ,,ã ÜÒ ,Àfl,ÛÞ ãêÝÞãÜÒÜÛØ , iÛßÛ~ÒâÝãß âãâê,Ò. ×ÛÛßã, ÑßÒ ßÛÝã,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ ÜâêãÞÈÝã ßÞ, ~êã Ûi ëÒÞÈÜãÒ âãÒÚÜÛÒ , äÛäã,ÒiÜãâêÜãØ ~âêÛ ?ÞÛé
Grt

Rut & Grt

Prg? & Grt

10 ßÝß

úÛâ. 3. ýÒiéÑÜãÒ Û,,ãÞÈ~êãÒ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛÒ - ëêÛÞ (Rut) + Na-coÒÚfl éÑ (ä,,ãÜÛê?, Prg) + ô-âãÒÚfl éÑ (éÞã,,ãäÛê?, Phl) , ,,ÜêÒ (Grt). ×âê,ÝÛ - ÛÜêÒ,,ÞÈÜÀÒ ÜÒ,,ã-ÛâäÒâÛãÜÜÀÒ âäÒÝêÀ (?áû) ÞßÒÞÛ Û ,ßÒÒ,,ã ,,Üê. ÷ÛÚÒ ÞßÒÞÛ ÜiãÛêâfl éÞã,,ãäÛê-ä,,ãÜÛêã,ãÒ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛÒ (êÒßÜãÒ). ðÑãÇÚÒÜÛÒ , ãêÚÒÜÜÀi ÞÒÝêãÜi. Ùæùÿðõð? < 3 2008


÷æùÕ??÷?æ ×ôó??æ÷ð? × ÙúÔ÷Ôýæ á,ÞÒÜÛÒ, Ùø 5 70 50 4 90 3

335

?^,,ÒÇÛ,,Ò 30 10% H2O

2 éÞÛ (a) 100 ßÝß 1 âäÞ,

0

400

800 1200 ýÒßäÒêë, ÀC

úÛâ. 5. ôÛ,fl äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl , âÛâêÒßÒ ,,ÜÛê-÷2O [23-25]. ×ÀÒÞÒÜÜfl ãÇÞâêÈ - ú-ý ëâÞã,Ûfl ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl ÞßÑãÜãâÜã,,ã ,,ÜÒØâ [14]. ùÇêÛß ,ÜÛßÜÛÒ, ~êã Ü ,êããØ ÝÛêÛ~ÒâÝãØ êã~ÝãØ Ûâ~ÒÑÒê éÑã,fl ,,ÜÛ^ ßÒÚë âäÞ,ãß Û éÞÛãß. åÛéÀ - âãÒÚÜÛfl ,ãÀ (,Òâ. %).

(Ç)

50 ßÝß

úÛâ. 4. ùÒãÞÀ ÒÝÒäÛê^ÛÛ ,ãÝë,, âäÞ,ÜÀi Û éÞÛÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ (ÞÛêÒêëÜÀÒ ÜÜÀÒ) âiãÜÀÒ â ãÒÞãÞßÛ ,ãÝë,, äãÞÛéÑÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ , ,,ÜêÒ ÛÑ ÞßÑãÜãâÜã,,ã ,,ÜÒØâ, - ÒÝÒäÛê^Ûfl ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl âëÞÈéÛÜã,,ã âäÞ, , ãÞÛ,ÛÜÒ ÛÑ ÞÒ^ãÞÛê, õãÜ,,ãÞÛfl, õë?ë,,Ø-ÿëëÝ [21]. Ç - ÒÝÒäÛêÛã,ÜÜãÒ éÞÛÜãÒ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛÒ (ûO2) , ãÞÛ,ÛÜÒ ãÞÛ,ÛÜã,ã,,ã ßÒÞÛÞÛêÛê, úÒØÜâÝÛØ ,,ÇÒÜ, ÙÒßÜÛfl [22].

ê^ÛÛ, ,ÀäãÞÜÒÜÜÀÒ ÇÒâ~ÛâÞÒÜÜÀßÛ ßÛÝãéÑßÛ ,ãÝë,, ßêÒÛÜâÝã,,ã ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl. ÷äÛßÒ, Ü ÛâëÜÝÒ 4 äÒâê,ÞÒÜÀ ,ÒâÈß ééÒÝêÜÀÒ ãÒãÞÀ ÒÝÒäÛê^ÛÛ ,ãÝë,, ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl âëÞÈéÛÜã,,ã âäÞ, , ãÞÛ,ÛÜÒ ÛÑ ÞÒ^ãÞÛê [21] Û ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl ë,,ÞÒÝÛâÞãêÀ , ãÞÛ,ÛÜÒ ÛÑ ßÒÞÛÞÛêÛê [22], ÝãêãÀÒ ÛßÒê äãÑÛêÒÞÈÜãÒ âiãâê,ã â ãÒãÞßÛ ,ãÝë,, äãÞÛßÛÜÒÞÈÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ , ,,ÜêÒ ÛÑ ÞßÑãÜãâÜã,,ã ,,ÜÒØâ (â,Ü., Ûâ. 1 Û 4). øãÛâiãÚÒÜÛÒ ãÒãÞã, , ,,ÜêÒ êëÜã ãÇflâÜÛêÈ , ßÝi ê,ÒãéÑã,ãØ ,ãÞ^ÛÛ. øãêãßë Ûi ßãéãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝãÒ âiãâê,ã â ,À?ÒëÝÑÜÜÀßÛ ãÒãÞßÛ ÒÝÒäÛê^ÛÛ , ãÞÛ,ÛÜi ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ ,ÒãflêÜã â,flÑÜã â ÒÛÜÀß ÒÝÒäÛê^ÛãÜÜÀß ßÒiÜÛÑßãß ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl.
Ùæùÿðõð? < 3 2008

ú-ý ëâÞã,Ûfl ÞßÑãÜãâÜÀi ,,ÜÒØâã, âëÒâê,ÒÜÜã äÒ,ãâiãflê ,êãë ÝÛêÛ~ÒâÝë êã~Ýë , âÛâêÒßÒ ",,ÜÛê-,ã" (Ûâ. 5), ,À?Ò ÝãêããØ ÜÇÞÒêâfl äãÞÜfl âßÒâÛßãâêÈ ßÒÚë éÞÛãß Û âäÞ,ãß [23-25]. øãêãßë äÛÜ^ÛäÛÞÈÜÀß ßãßÒÜêãß , ÜiãÝÒ ãÒãÞã, ÒÝÒäÛê^ÛÛ fl,ÞflÒêâfl ÜÒ ÜÞÛ~ÛÒ éÞÛ ÛÞÛ âäÞ,, âß éÝê âëÒâê,ã,ÜÛfl ,ãÜã-âÛÞÛÝêÜãØ ÜÝÛêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ ÝÝ ãâÜã,ÜãØ ßÛÜÒÞããÇÑëÒØ âÒÀ. ðâiãfl ÛÑ éÑã,ãØ Û,,ßßÀ (Ûâ. 5), ÚÛÝãâêÈ, ÛÑ ÝãêããØ ßã,,ÞÛ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑã,êÈâfl ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl, ãÞÚÜ ÇÀêÈ âëÒâê,ÒÜÜã âÛÞÛÝêÜãØ â âãÒÚÜÛÒß ,ãÜã,,ã ÝãßäãÜÒÜê ÜÒ ÇãÞÒÒ 10 ßâ. %. ùÇÑã,ÜÛÒ ãÒãÞã, ÒÝÒäÛê^ÛÛ ßã,,Þã äãÛÑãØêÛ Ü ÑÜÀi êäi ,ãÞ^ÛÛ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ. û ãÜãØ âêããÜÀ, ,ÀâãÝÛÒ êÒßäÒêëÀ Û ,ÞÒÜÛfl, âÜÛÚÛÒ ,flÑÝãâêÈ ÝÛâÞÀi âäÞ,ã, [26], ßã,,ÞÛ âäãâãÇâê,ã,êÈ ÒÝÒäÛê^ÛÛ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ ÒÒ , ãÇÞâêÛ ÜÝÛêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ,,ãßã,,ÒÜÜãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ. × êãß âÞë~Ò ãÒãÞÀ ÒÝÒäÛê^ÛÛ ãÞÚÜÀ ÇÀêÈ ,ÀäãÞÜÒÜÀ ßÛÝã,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛflßÛ â ,ÀâãÝÛß âãÒÚÜÛÒß âÛÞÛÝêÜã,,ã ,ÒÒâê, (Ûâ. 5). øã ë,,ãßë â^ÒÜÛ ÚÛÝãâêÈ ,ã ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛÛ ßã,,Þ ãâêÛ~È ú-ý ëâÞã,ÛØ ââÞãÒÜÛfl, Û êã,, , ãÒãÞ ÒÝÒäÛê^ÛÛ ãÞÚÜ ÇÀÞ ëâêÒßÛêÈâfl ÜÛßÒÜÒÒ ,flÑÝfl, ê.Ò. Çã,,êfl ,ããØ (>70% H2O, Ûâ. 5), ÒÒ ~âêÈ. ýÝfl ÚÛÝãâêÈ ÇëÒê ,ÀäãÞÜflêÈ ,ÝëãÞÛ ßÛÝã,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ , ãÒãÞi ÒÝÒäÛê^ÛÛ, êã,, ÝÝ âëÒâê,ÒÜÜã ÝÒßÜÒÝÛâÞÀØ â-


336

øÒ~ëÝ

äÞ, ãâêÜÒêâfl ,ã ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛÛ ,äÞãêÈ ã äãÞÜãØ âÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ. ùÇ êÛ â^ÒÜÛfl ãÇÒÛÜflÒê äÛâëêâê,ÛÒ Ü äÛÝÒ ú-ý äßÒêã, ÜÝÛêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ, Ýãêãfl ,ÒãflêÜã Û fl,ÞflÞâÈ âÒãØ Þfl ÞßÑããÇÑã,ÜÛfl. ?ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÞÈÜãÒ ÛÑë~ÒÜÛÒ ßãÒÞÈÜã,,ã âãâê, ÝãÜêÛÜÒÜêÞÈÜãØ ÝãÀ [9] äãê,ÒÚÒê ,ãÑßãÚÜãâêÈ ÒÒ äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl â ,ÀÒÞÒÜÛÒß ,,Üê , Ý~Òâê,Ò ÞÛÝ,ÛëâÜãØ éÑÀ äÛ ú-ý ëâÞã,Ûfli, ëâêÜã,ÞÒÜÜÀi Þfl ÞßÑãÜãâÜÀi ,,ÜÒØâã,. ûãâê, äãÞÛßÛÜÒÞÈÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ , ,,ÜêÒ ÜÒäãâêãflÜÒÜ. æâÞÛ ,ã ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfli, ,ãÝë,, ÝãêãÀi Ñ,ÛêÀ ãÒãÞÀ ÒÝÒäÛê^ÛÛ, fl,Üã ãßÛÜÛëÒê Ý,^, êã , ë,,Ûi ÇãÞÒÒ ßÒÞÝÛi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfli Üflë â Ý,^Òß äÛâëêâê,ëê ÑÜ~ÛêÒÞÈÜÀÒ ÝãÞÛ~Òâê, âÞÛâêÀi ßÛÜÒÞã, - êÝÛÒ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl ââßêÛ,êâfl Õ. ?êãÝÒêãß Û . [12] ÝÝ ÒÞÛÝêÀ ûù÷ âÛÞÛÝêÜã,,ã éÞÛ. ×ÒãflêÜã, äã^ÛÛ ÝÛâÞãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ, Ñi,~ÒÜÜãØ ÝÛâêÞÞßÛ ,,Üê, ãêÚê ÞÛÇã ÒÒ iÛßÛ~ÒâÝë ÜÒãÜããÜãâêÈ, ÞÛÇã ~âêÛ~Üë äãêÒ ,ÒÒâê, ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛflßÛ. æâÞÛ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl , ,,ÜêÒ éãßÛã,ÞÛâÈ ÛÑ ÜÝÛêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ, êã ßêÛÝâ äããÀ êÝÚÒ ÜÒ ßã,, ÛÑÇÒÚêÈ ßâ?êÇÜã,,ã äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl Ü äÛÝÒ ú-ý ëâÞã,ÛØ. û,flÑÜã êã â êÒß, ~êã ßêÛÝâ ,,ÜÒØâ ,ÀäãÞÜÒÜ ÜÒ êãÞÈÝã ßÛÜÒÞßÛ, ,âêÒ~ÛßÛâfl ,ã ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfli - Ý,^Òß Û éÒÜ,,Ûêãß, Üã êÝÚÒ äÞ,,ÛãÝÞÑãß, â ÝãêãÀß âÛâêÒß âêÜã,Ûêâfl ÒÒ ÇãÞÒÒ ÞÒ,,ÝãäÞ,ÝãØ. ûÞÒëÒê, ãÜÝã, äÛÑÜêÈ, ~êã , ãêÞÛ~ÛÒ ãê ÛÑãÞÛã,ÜÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ , ,,ÜêÒ, âÞÒÀ äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl ßêÛÝâ , iãÒ Ýâ,,ëß^ÛÛ â ,,ÞëÇÛÜ ÇãÞÒÒ 100 Ýß âêÒêÀ ßÒêßãéÛ~ÒâÝÛßÛ ÒÝ^ÛflßÛ Û ÜÒ ßã,,ëê Û,,ÜãâêÛã,êÈâfl ãÜãÑÜ~Üã. øãÞÛßÛÜÒÞÈÜÀÒ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl, ãÝëÚÒÜÜÀÒ êÒÛÜßÛ Û ãÒãÞßÛ ÒÝÒäÛê^ÛÛ, ßã,,ëê äÒâê,ÞflêÈ ÝÝ Ñi,~ÒÜÜÀÒ âêëÛß ,,Üêãß äã^ÛÛ ÜÝÛêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ, êÝ Û äãëÝê äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl ßÛÜÒÞÈÜãØ ââã^Û^ÛÛ, Ñi,~ÒÜÜãØ ,,Üêãß Ü ÜÜÛi âêÛfli ßÒêßãéÛ~ÒâÝãØ ,ãÞ^ÛÛ. ×ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl éÒÜ,,Ûê Û ëêÛÞ â,ÛÒêÒÞÈâê,ëê ã äÛâëêâê,ÛÛ , äÒäãÞ,,Òßãß âäÞ,Ò ,ãÀ Û êÛêÜ. ûã,,ÞâÜã ÝâäÒÛßÒÜêÞÈÜÀß ÜÜÀß [9, 10], ,ÑÛßãÒØâê,ÛÒ êÝã,,ã âäÞ, â ,,Üêãß-iãÑflÛÜãß (Grt1) ãÞÚÜã äÛ,ÒâêÛ Ý Ò,,ã ßâ?êÇÜãØ äÒÒÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^ÛÛ â ãÇÑã,ÜÛÒß Üã,ã,,ã êÛêÜ-âãÒÚÒ,,ã ,,Üê (Grt2). øÛ~Òß ÑßÒÒÜÛÒ Grt1 Grt2, ßã,,Þã äãÛâiãÛêÈ ÜÒ êãÞÈÝã ãê ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl, Üã Û ,ã ,âêÒ~Üãß Üä,ÞÒÜÛÛ - ãê ,,ÜÛ^À ,,Üê â ßêÛÝâãß, ÒâÞÛ ßêÛÝâ ÜiãÛÞâfl , âäÞ,ÞÒÜÜãß âãâêãflÜÛÛ. × âÞë~Ò ,ÑÛßãÒØâê,Ûfl ,,Üê â Ti-âãÒÚÛß âäÞ,ãß, äÒÒÞÈÜfl ÝãÜ^ÒÜê^Ûfl Ti , ,,ÜêÒ ãäÒÒÞflÒêâfl ÝãééÛ^ÛÒÜêãß ÑÒÞÒÜÛfl êÛêÜ ßÒÚë ,,Üêãß Û âäÞ,ãß. ÷ÞÛ~ÛÒ Ti , flÒÜÀi ~âêfli ,âÒi ,,Üêã, ëÝÑÀ,Òê Ü ,ãÑßãÚÜãâêÈ êÝã,,ã ,ÑÛßãÒØâê,Ûfl.

ùÛÒÜêÛã,ÜÜÀÒ ßÛÜÒÞÈÜÀÒ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl ùÛÒÜêÛã,ÜÜÀß ,ãâêÝß , ßÛÜÒÞi ëÞÈê,ÀâãÝãÇÜÀi äãã , äãâÞÒÜÛÒ ,,ãÀ ëÒÞflÒêâfl âßãÒ äÛâêÞÈÜãÒ ,ÜÛßÜÛÒ. ði ãÇÑã,ÜÛÒ äÛÜflêã â,flÑÀ,êÈ â ,ÀÒÞÒÜÛÒß ëÞÈê,ÀâãÝãÇÜÀi ÝãßäãÜÒÜêã, ßÛÜÒÞ-iãÑflÛÜ äÛ âÜÛÚÒÜÛÛ ,ÞÒÜÛfl. ÷äÛßÒ, êÝ ãÇflâÜflÒêâfl äãÛâiãÚÒÜÛÒ ãÛÒÜêÛã,ÜÜÀi ,ãâêÝã, âÜÛÛÜ, éÞã,,ãäÛê, ÛÞÈßÒÜÛê, êÛêÜÛê Û Ý,^ , ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜÒ, ÛÞÈßÒÜÛê Û iãßÛê , ãÞÛ,ÛÜÒ, äÛãÝâÒÜ Û ëêÛÞ , ,,ÜêÒ, ÝãâÛê , âéÒÜÒ [18, 19, 27-31]. ùÇÒß ,ãâêÝã,, ,ÀÒÞÛ,?Ûiâfl äã êÝãßë ßÒiÜÛÑßë (, ëâÞã,Ûfli ÑÝÀêãØ âÛâêÒßÀ), ëÝÑÀ,Òê Ü âãÒÚÜÛÒ âããê,Òêâê,ëÒ,,ã ëÞÈê,ÀâãÝãÇÜã,,ã ÝãßäãÜÒÜê , ßÛÜÒÞÒ-iãÑflÛÜÒ Û ßãÚÒê ÛâäãÞÈÑã,êÈâfl , Ý~Òâê,Ò ,,ÒãÇãßÒê. ùÜÝã ââßãêÒÜÜãßë ßÒiÜÛÑßë ÒâêÈ ÞÈêÒÜêÛ, ÜÒ êãÞÈÝã , ßÝi iãã?ã ÛÑ,ÒâêÜã,,ã äã ÜÛÑÝãÇÜÀß ßÒêßãéÛ~ÒâÝÛß äã^Òââß äÛêÝâÛÞÈÜã,,ã ãâê. ÷äÛßÒ, ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfl âÜÛÛÜ , ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜÒ, êÝÚÒ ÝãÝ~Òê,Ûê , ,,ÜêÒ Û ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜÒ ÛÑ ,,Üê-ÝÞÛÜãäÛãÝâÒÜã,Ài äãã ôãÝ~Òê,âÝã,,ã ßââÛ, ÛÜêÒäÒêÛëêâfl ÝÝ ÒÝãßäÒââÛãÜÜÀÒ ãÇÑã,ÜÛfl, ,ãÑÜÛÝ?ÛÒ , ÒÑëÞÈêêÒ ,ÑÛßãÒØâê,Ûfl ßÛÜÒÞ-iãÑflÛÜ â âãâëÒâê,ëÛß âäÞ,ãß [7, 32]. ùÛÒÜêÛã,ÜÜÀÒ ,ãâêÝÛ ëêÛÞ, êÝÚÒ Na Û K-Mg éÑ , ,,Üêi ÛÑ ÞßÑãÜãâÜÀi ,,ÜÒØâã, , úëÜÀi ,,ãi, ÜâÝãÞÈÝã Üß ÛÑ,ÒâêÜã, ÜÒÒ ÜÒ ãäÛâÀ,ÞÛâÈ. æâÞÛ ãÛÒÜêÛã,ÜÜÀÒ Û,,ãÞÈ~êÀÒ ÝÛâêÞÞÀ ëêÛÞ , ,,ÜêÒ iãã?ã ÛÑ,ÒâêÜÀ , ëÞÈê,ÀâãÝãÇÜÀi äããi ÛÑ ÑÜÀi Ò,,ÛãÜã, ßÛ [19, 29, 31], êã Û,,Þã,ÛÜÀÒ ,ãâêÝÛ Na Û K-Mg éÑ fl,Þflêâfl ãâãÇÒÜÜãâêÈ ÛÑë~ÒÜÜÀi äãã. óßÒÞÛ Na éÑÀ (ä,,ãÜÛê?) , äÛÜ^ÛäÒ ßã,,ëê ÜâÞÒã,êÈ Na Û (ù÷)- ÛÑ ëÞÈê,ÀâãÝãÇÜã,,ã ,,Üê [33-35], ÑÜ~Ûê, äããÇÜã ëêÛÞë ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑã,êÈâfl ÛÑ ,,Üê , ëâÞã,Ûfli ÑÝÀêãØ âÛâêÒßÀ. ùÜÝã êÝãØ â^ÒÜÛØ Ò, ÞÛ äÛÒßÞÒß Þfl ÞßÒÞÒØ K-Mg éÑÀ (éÞã,,ãäÛê?). ðÑ ÞÛêÒêëÜÀi ÜÜÀi ÛÑ,ÒâêÜã, ~êã ÝëäÜÀØ ÝêÛãÜ ô+ ,iãÛê , âêëÝêëë ,,Üê ÞÛ?È äÛ ,ÞÒÜÛÛ â,À?Ò 20 Ùø [36], äÒ,À?Ûß , ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝã Ñ ,ÞÒÜÛÒ , úëÜÀi ,,ãi. ûÞÒã,êÒÞÈÜã, Ûâêã~ÜÛÝ ÝÞÛfl ãÞÚÒÜ ÜiãÛêÈâfl ,ÜÒ âêëÝêëÀ ,,Üê. ÷iãÝ êÒiéÑÜãØ Û,,ÞÀ (Ûâ. 5) ëÝÑÀ,Òê Ü êã, ~êã Ti Û Na, äããÇÜã ô, ,ÒãflêÜÒÒ ,âÒ,,ã êÝÚÒ äãâêëäÞÛ ÛÑ ,ÜÒ?ÜÒ,,ã Ûâêã~ÜÛÝ, ÝãêãÀØ ÜiãÛÞâfl , ßêÛÝâÒ äããÀ ÛÞÛ ,ã ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfli. ÷äãßÜÛß, ~êã ä,,ãÜÛê Û éÞã,,ãäÛê ~âêã ,âêÒ~êâfl , äãÞÛßÛÜÒÞÈÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfli (, êãß ~ÛâÞÒ ÞßÑãÜãâÜÀi) , ,,ÜêÒ. ýÝÛß ãÇÑãß, ãÛÒÜêÛã,ÜÜÀÒ ,ãâêÝÛ , ,,ÜêÒ ÛÑ ÞßÑãÜãâÜã,,ã ,,ÜÒØâ, ÜÒ fl,Þflêâfl äãëÝêãß ÑÞãÚÒÜÛfl ßÛÜÒÞ-iãÑflÛÜ Û, âÞÒã,êÒÞÈÜã, ÜÒ ßã,,ëê ââßêÛ,êÈâfl ÝÝ ÛÜÛÝêã â,Òi,ÀâãÝÛi ,ÞÒÜÛØ. ùÜÛ ßã,,ÞÛ ãÇÑã,ÀÙæùÿðõð? < 3 2008


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,êÈâfl äÛ ,ÑÛßãÒØâê,ÛÛ ,,Üê â âãâëÒâê,ëÒØ ÚÛÝãâêÈ, ÜiãflÒØâfl ,ã ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfli Û/ÛÞÛ , ßêÛÝâÒ äããÀ ,ã ,Òßfl ÒÝãßäÒââÛÛ. ñÔôó??æ÷ðæ õÛÜÒÞÈÜÀØ ä,,ÒÜÒÑÛâ ßêÛÝâ ÞßÑãÜãâÜÀi ,,ÜÒØâã, ÝãßäÞÒÝâ ?^,,ÒÇÛ,,Ò ÇÀÞ äÒÒÝÛâêÞÞÛÑã,Ü ,ã ,Òßfl äãÒß Ý ÑÒßÜãØ äã,ÒiÜãâêÛ Û äãêãßë ÜÒ âãÒÚÛê âÞÒã, ëÞÈê,ÀâãÝãÇÜÀi ú-ý ëâÞã,ÛØ. ûããê,Òêâê,ëfl ÛÜéãß^Ûfl âãiÜflÒêâfl ÞÛ?È Ü ßÛÝã- Û ÜÜãëã,ÜÒ - , ßÛÜÒÞÈÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfli. øã êãØ äÛ~ÛÜÒ äãëÝêÀ ~âêÛ~Üã,,ã äÞ,ÞÒÜÛfl äãã ßã,,ëê ÜÒ ,âêÒ~êÈâfl , ãÇÀ~Üãß Þfl ßÒêßãéÛ~ÒâÝÛi êãÞ ,ÛÒ (ßÛ,,ßêÛêÀ, äãÚÛÞÝÛ). ûÞÒÀ âäÞ, (,ÀâãÝãäÞãêÜãØ ÜÝÛêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÚÛÝãâêÛ) âÞÒëÒê ÛâÝêÈ, äÒÚÒ ,âÒ,,ã, ,ã ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛfli. ûêãÞÈ ÜÒãÇÀ~ÜãÒ Þfl ßÒêßãéÛ~ÒâÝÛi äãã ßÒâêãÜiãÚÒÜÛÒ Û ÜÒÛÑÇÒÚÜfl âÝÛâêÞÞÛÑ^Ûfl âäÞ, ÑêëÜflê Ò,,ã Û,,ÜãâêÛÝë. ùÒãÞÀ ÒÝÒäÛê^ÛÛ ,ãÝë,, äãÞÛéÑÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ ââßêÛ,êâfl ÜßÛ ÝÝ ,ÚÜÀØ Û,,ÜãâêÛ~ÒâÝÛØ äÛÑÜÝ ÚÛÝãâêÛ, ÛÑ ÝãêããØ ÝÛâêÞÞÛÑã,Þâfl ÞßÑ. ðââÞÒã,ÜÛfl â äãßãÈ ääêëÀ â äã,À?ÒÜÜÀß ÑÒ?ÒÜÛÒß äãÑ,ãÞflê ,ÀflâÜÛêÈ iÛßÛ~ÒâÝÛØ âãâê, ßÛÝã,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ, ãÜÝã ÜÒ ÛÑßÒÜflê ãâÜã,ÜÀi ,À,ãã, êãØ ÇãêÀ. Ô,êã äÛÑÜêÒÞÒÜ ð.ø. ûãÞã,ã,ãØ Ñ ÝãÜâëÞÈê^ÛÛ äã âäÞ,ÜÀß ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛflß Û äÒãâê,ÞÒÜÛÒ ßÛÝãéãêã,,éÛØ ÒÝÒäÛêÛã,ÜÜÀi ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÛØ. üÞë~?ÒÜÛ ëÝãäÛâÛ ,ã ßÜã,,ãß âäãâãÇâê,ã,ÞÛ ÑßÒ~ÜÛfl ð.ø. ûãÞã,ã,ãØ, ó.ó. øÒ~ëÝ, ð.Ô. ÔÜÒÒ,ãØ Û Ô.ð. Ùã?Ýã,. × ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛÛ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,Þâfl ãÇÑÒ^ ÛÑ ÝãÞÞÒÝ^ÛÛ ×.×. ñi~ëÝ. úÇãêÀ Ü âÝÜÛëÒß ÞÒÝêãÜÜãß ßÛÝãâÝãäÒ äã,ãÛÞÛâÈ äÛ ë~âêÛÛ Ô.÷. ÷ÒÝâã, Û ô.×. ×Ü. þÛÜÜâã,fl äãÒÚÝ ,,Üêã, úþþð 06-05-65204, 06-05-64098, þãÜ âãÒØâê,Ûfl ãêÒ~Òâê,ÒÜÜãØ ÜëÝÒ, êÝÚÒ ÙÜê "×ÒëÛÒ Üë~ÜÀÒ ?ÝãÞÀ úãââÛÛ" ÷?-5338.2006.05 (ëÝ. ó.ó. øÒ~ëÝ). ûøðûùô óðýæúÔýüú?
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