Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://www.kosmofizika.ru/model/kuzhevsky_2.5.doc Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Wed Nov 30 12:41:18 2005 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Tue Oct 2 00:49:43 2012 Êîäèðîâêà: koi8-r

Ãàììà-àñòðîíîìèÿ Ñîëíöà
Á.Ì.Êóæåâñêèé,
Å.À.Ìàëååâà è Ë.È.Ìèðîøíè÷åíêî


Ñîäåðæàíèå

1. Ââåäåíèå
2. Ïîòîê äèñêðåòíîãî ?-èçëó÷åíèÿ
2.1. Ìîäåëè èññëåäîâàíèÿ
2.2. Ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå äàííûå, íåîáõîäèìûå äëÿ ðàñ÷åòà ïîòîêà ãàììà-
êâàíòîâ
2.3. Âêëàä ðåàêöèé íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö â
ïðîöåññ ãåíåðàöèè ?-êâàíòîâ
2.4. Èññëåäîâàíèå âêëàäà ÿäåðíî-ÿäåðíûõ âçàèìîäåéñòâèé
3. Çàêëþ÷åíèå

1. Ââåäåíèå

Áóðíîå ðàçâèòèå êîñìè÷åñêîé òåõíèêè, óëó÷øåíèå ìåòîäèêè èçìåðåíèé è
ðàñøèðåíèå ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé áàçû çà ïîñëåäíèå äâà-òðè äåñÿòèëåòèÿ îòêðûëè
ïåðåä ñîëíå÷íîé ôèçèêîé íîâûå âîçìîæíîñòè èññëåäîâàíèÿ, â ÷àñòíîñòè, â
îáëàñòè ãàììà-àñòðîíîìèè Ñîëíöà. Ðåãèñòðàöèÿ è àíàëèç äèñêðåòíîãî ãàììà-
èçëó÷åíèÿ ñîëíå÷íûõ âñïûøåê íà êîñìè÷åñêèõ àïïàðàòàõ (ÊÀ) ïîçâîëÿþò â
äåòàëÿõ ïðîñëåäèòü ïðîöåññ ãåíåðàöèè ÿäåðíîé êîìïîíåíòû ýòîãî èçëó÷åíèÿ è
ñâÿçàòü åãî ñâîéñòâà ñ õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè ïðîöåññà óñêîðåíèÿ ÷àñòèö íà
Ñîëíöå, ñ ïàðàìåòðàìè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîãî ñïåêòðà ñîëíå÷íûõ êîñìè÷åñêèõ ëó÷åé
(ÑÊË) â öåëîì.
ßäåðíûå ãàììà-ëèíèè ôîðìèðóþòñÿ çà ñ÷åò ñíÿòèÿ âîçáóæäåíèÿ ÿäåð
ñîëíå÷íîé àòìîñôåðû, êîòîðûå â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü îáðàçóþòñÿ â ðåçóëüòàòå äâóõ
îñíîâíûõ ïðîöåññîâ: íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö íà ÿäðàõ
ñîëíå÷íîé àòìîñôåðû è ÿäåðíî-ÿäåðíûõ ðåàêöèé (òàê íàçûâàåìûõ ij-
âçàèìîäåéñòâèé) [1]. Ïîäðîáíîå ðàññìîòðåíèå ïðîöåññîâ, ïðèâîäÿùèõ ê
ãåíåðàöèè ÿäåðíîãî ãàììà-èçëó÷åíèÿ, à òàêæå ðàñ÷åòû ìåòîäîì Ìîíòå-Êàðëî
ïîòîêîâ ãàììà-êâàíòîâ, ñôîðìèðîâàííûõ ïðè âçàèìîäåéñòâèè óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö
ñ ÿäðàìè ñîëíå÷íîé àòìîñôåðû, áûëè îñóùåñòâëåíû íà ðóáåæå 60-70-ûõ ãîäîâ
ïðîøëîãî ñòîëåòèÿ (ñì., íàïðèìåð, [1, 2]). Îäíàêî, èç-çà íåçíà÷èòåëüíîé
êîíöåíòðàöèè ÿäåð ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ îáèëèåì óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö â àòìîñôåðå
Ñîëíöà, ðàíåå âêëàä ij-ðåàêöèé â ãåíåðàöèþ äèñêðåòíîãî ãàììà-èçëó÷åíèÿ
ïî÷òè íå ó÷èòûâàëñÿ. Áîëåå òî÷íûå è îáèëüíûå äàííûå, ïîëó÷åííûå çà
ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû ïðèáîðàìè RHESSI, CORONAS-F, INTEGRAL è äðóãèõ ÊÀ, ïîáóæäàþò
ïåðåñìîòðåòü íåêîòîðûå àñïåêòû ñîëíå÷íîé ãàììà-àñòðîíîìèè. Òàê, íà ïðèìåðå
âñïûøêè 23 èþëÿ 2002 ã. àâòîðàìè [17] áûëî ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî
ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå ðåçóëüòàòû [18] íå ñîãëàñóþòñÿ ñ òåîðåòè÷åñêè îæèäàåìûìè
ïîòîêàìè ãàììà-êâàíòîâ, åñëè â ðàñ÷åòàõ ó÷èòûâàòü âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ òîëüêî
óñêîðåííûõ ïðîòîíîâ è àëüôà-÷àñòèö ñ ÿäðàìè ñîëíå÷íîé àòìîñôåðû. Îêàçàëîñü,
÷òî äëÿ ñîãëàñèÿ íåîáõîäèìî çàíîâî îöåíèòü âêëàä ÿäåðíî-ÿäåðíûõ
âçàèìîäåéñòâèé â ãåíåðàöèþ äèñêðåòíîãî ãàììà-èçëó÷åíèÿ, ñ ó÷åòîì ïîñëåäíèõ
äàííûõ îá ýëåìåíòíîì ñîñòàâå àòìîñôåðû Ñîëíöà [16]. Êàê ïîêàçûâàþò íàøè
ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûå îöåíêè [17], ïðè áîëüøèõ çíà÷åíèÿõ ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà ÑÊË
âêëàä ij-ðåàêöèé ìîæåò áûòü îïðåäåëÿþùèì.
Íèæå ïðèâåäåíû ðåçóëüòàòû íîâûõ ðàñ÷åòîâ ïîòîêîâ äèñêðåòíîãî ãàììà-
èçëó÷åíèÿ, ïðîâåäåííûõ ïðÿìûì ôèçè÷åñêèì ìåòîäîì ïî ëàáîðàòîðíûì äàííûì î
ñå÷åíèÿõ ðåàêöèé. Äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ ðàñ÷åòîâ, ïðåæäå âñåãî, íàìè áûëè
îáîáùåíû èìåþùèåñÿ äàííûå îá ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîé çàâèñèìîñòè ñå÷åíèé äëÿ
ðàçëè÷íûõ òèïîâ ðåàêöèé. Çàòåì ïðîâîäèëñÿ ðàñ÷åò ïîòîêà äèñêðåòíîãî ãàììà-
èçëó÷åíèÿ, îáðàçîâàííîãî â ðåçóëüòàòå íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ óñêîðåííûõ
ïðîòîíîâ è àëüôà-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðàõ ñîëíå÷íîé àòìîñôåðû, äëÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ
ïîêàçàòåëåé ñïåêòðà ÑÊË. Äàëåå ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå ðàñ÷åòû áûëè ïðîâåäåíû òàêæå
äëÿ ÿäåðíî-ÿäåðíûõ âçàèìîäåéñòâèé. Ïðè ýòîì îöåíèâàëñÿ îòíîñèòåëüíûé âêëàä
ij-ðåàêöèé è ðåàêöèé íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö â ãåíåðàöèþ
äèñêðåòíîãî ãàììà-èçëó÷åíèÿ ïðè ðàçëè÷íûõ ïîêàçàòåëÿõ ñïåêòðà ÑÊË. Â
äàëüíåéøåì ïëàíèðóåòñÿ ïðîâåñòè äåòàëüíîå ñðàâíåíèå ðàñ÷åòîâ ñ
ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûìè äàííûìè äëÿ ðÿäà âñïûøåê, çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûõ ñïóòíèêàìè
RHESSI [18], CORONAS-F [19] è INTEGRAL [20].

2. Ïîòîê äèñêðåòíîãî ?-èçëó÷åíèÿ

2.1. Ìîäåëè èññëåäîâàíèÿ

Ïóñòü â íåêîòîðîì îáúåìå ñîëíå÷íîé àòìîñôåðû V ñ êîíöåíòðàöèåé ÿäåð k,
ðàâíîé [pic], â òî÷êå ñ êîîðäèíàòîé r ïðîòåêàþò ÿäåðíûå ðåàêöèè ñ ó÷àñòèåì
óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö (ÿäåð x), êîíöåíòðàöèÿ êîòîðûõ ïðè ýíåðãèè E íà íóêëîí
ðàâíà [pic]. Òîãäà ÷èñëî ?-êâàíòîâ ñ ýíåðãèåé [pic], âîçíèêàþùèõ
åæåñåêóíäíî â åäèíèöå îáúåìà, îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ âûðàæåíèåì [1]:

[pic]
(1)

ãäå [pic] - îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ ñêîðîñòü ÿäåð k è x, à [pic] - ñå÷åíèå èõ
âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ. Ïîëíîå ÷èñëî ?-êâàíòîâ ñ ýíåðãèåé [pic] ïîëó÷èì ïóòåì
èíòåãðèðîâàíèÿ (1) ïî îáúåìó V:

[pic] (2)
ãäå [pic]- ïîòîê óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö (ÿäåð x). Äëÿ âû÷èñëåíèÿ [pic]
íåîáõîäèìî, ïðåæäå âñåãî, çíàòü ôóíêöèè [pic] è [pic]. Äëÿ èõ îïðåäåëåíèÿ
ïðîñëåäèì êà÷åñòâåííî êàðòèíó âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö ñ âåùåñòâîì
ñîëíå÷íîé àòìîñôåðû. Ðàññìîòðèì íåñêîëüêî îñíîâíûõ ìîäåëåé.
1. Áûñòðûå ÷àñòèöû íå óäåðæèâàþòñÿ â îáëàñòè ýôôåêòèâíîãî ïðîòåêàíèÿ
ÿäåðíûõ ðåàêöèé è ïîêèäàþò åå, ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå òåðÿÿ ýíåðãèþ íà èîíèçàöèþ
àòîìîâ. Òàêàÿ ìîäåëü ïîëó÷èëà íàçâàíèå ìîäåëè «òîíêîé ìèøåíè». Îíà ìîæåò
îñóùåñòâëÿòüñÿ, íàïðèìåð, ïðè áûñòðîì âûõîäå óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö èç èñòî÷íèêà
(àòìîñôåðû Ñîëíöà) â ìåæïëàíåòíóþ ñðåäó.  ýòîì ñëó÷àå ïîòîê óñêîðåííûõ
÷àñòèö [pic] ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå çàâèñèò îò r.
2. Âòîðàÿ ìîäåëü - ìîäåëü «òîëñòîé ìèøåíè» - ðåàëèçóåòñÿ â ñëó÷àå,
êîãäà ÷àñòèöû óäåðæèâàþòñÿ â îáëàñòè ýôôåêòèâíîãî ïðîòåêàíèÿ ÿäåðíûõ
ðåàêöèé äî òåõ ïîð, ïîêà íå ïîòåðÿþò âñþ ñâîþ ýíåðãèþ. Åñëè ïðè ýòîì
óñêîðåííûå ÷àñòèöû äâèæóòñÿ âãëóáü ñîëíå÷íîé àòìîñôåðû, òî [pic] åñòü
óáûâàþùàÿ ôóíêöèÿ r; åñëè æå ÷àñòèöû äîñòàòî÷íî äîëãî óäåðæèâàþòñÿ
ìàãíèòíûì ïîëåì àêòèâíîé îáëàñòè â çàìêíóòîì îáúåìå, òî [pic] íå çàâèñèò îò
r.
Åñëè âðåìÿ óñêîðåíèÿ ÷àñòèö ìàëî ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñî âðåìåíåì ïðîòåêàíèÿ
ÿäåðíûõ ðåàêöèé â àòìîñôåðå Ñîëíöà, òî äëÿ ìîäåëè òîíêîé ìèøåíè
èíòåíñèâíîñòü ÷àñòèö íå áóäåò çàâèñåòü îò âðåìåíè. Äëÿ ìîäåëè òîëñòîé
ìèøåíè èíòåíñèâíîñòü ÷àñòèö áóäåò óáûâàþùåé ôóíêöèåé âðåìåíè, à ñêîðîñòü
èçìåíåíèÿ èíòåíñèâíîñòè áóäåò îïðåäåëÿòüñÿ âðåìåííîé ýâîëþöèåé îáëàñòè
âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ âûñîêîýíåðãè÷íûõ ÷àñòèö.
Èíòåíñèâíîñòü ÷àñòèö â îáëàñòè ãåíåðàöèè ?-èçëó÷åíèÿ ìîæåò çàâèñåòü îò
ðàññòîÿíèÿ äî èñòî÷íèêà ýòèõ ÷àñòèö. Êðîìå òîãî, êîíöåíòðàöèÿ àòîìîâ
ñîëíå÷íîé àòìîñôåðû òàêæå, âîîáùå ãîâîðÿ, ÿâëÿåòñÿ ôóíêöèåé r. Îäíàêî äëÿ
áîëüøèíñòâà ðåàëüíûõ ñëó÷àåâ ãåíåðàöèè ýòà çàâèñèìîñòü âðÿä ëè ïðîÿâèòñÿ.
Çàìåòèì, ÷òî äàæå êðóïíûå âñïûøêè íà Ñîëíöå ïî ñâîåé ïëîùàäè íå ïðåâûøàþò
íåñêîëüêèõ ñîòåí ìèëëèîííûõ äîëåé ïîâåðõíîñòè Ñîëíöà. Ïîýòîìó îïðåäåëÿÿ
ïîòîê ?-èçëó÷åíèÿ [pic] íà áîëüøèõ ðàññòîÿíèÿõ, íàïðèìåð, íà îðáèòå Çåìëè,
ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòü, ÷òî èçëó÷åíèå ãåíåðèðóåòñÿ òî÷å÷íûì èñòî÷íèêîì. Òàêèì
îáðàçîì, ó÷èòûâàÿ ïåðå÷èñëåííûå âûøå ïðèáëèæåíèÿ, ìîæíî ïåðåïèñàòü (2) â
âèäå:

[pic]
(3)

Òîãäà ïîòîê ?-êâàíòîâ [pic] ñ ýíåðãèåé [pic] íà ðàññòîÿíèè r îò
âñïûøêè, âîçíèêàþùèõ â ðåàêöèè íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ x-÷àñòèö (ïðîòîíîâ èëè
?-÷àñòèö) íà ÿäðå k, ìîæíî ðàññ÷èòàòü ïî ôîðìóëå:

[pic]
(4)

ãäå V - èçëó÷àþùèé îáúåì, [pic] - ñå÷åíèå âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ÷àñòèö x è k ñ
âûñâå÷èâàíèåì ?-êâàíòà, [pic]- âåðîÿòíîñòü ïåðåõîäà ÿäðà ñ âîçáóæäåííîãî
óðîâíÿ [pic] íà óðîâåíü [pic]; [pic]- ñïåêòð x-÷àñòèö ñ ýíåðãèåé Å.
Ñîãëàñíî ñîâðåìåííûì ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿì [21-23], äèôôåðåíöèàëüíûé
ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèé ñïåêòð óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö â èñòî÷íèêå ìîæíî çàïèñàòü â âèäå
ñòåïåííîé ôóíêöèè

[pic]
(5)

Àáñîëþòíàÿ èíòåíñèâíîñòü óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö (ïîñòîÿííàÿ À) âàðüèðóåò îò
âñïûøêè ê âñïûøêå â ïðåäåëàõ íåñêîëüêèõ ïîðÿäêîâ âåëè÷èíû (äëÿ ïðîòîíîâ). Â
ñâîþ î÷åðåäü, ïîêàçàòåëü ñïåêòðà s òàêæå ìîæåò ñèëüíî èçìåíÿòüñÿ îò
âñïûøêè ê âñïûøêå (â ïðåäåëàõ îò 2-3 äî 6-7), â çàâèñèìîñòè îò
ðàññìàòðèâàåìîãî èíòåðâàëà ýíåðãèé[pic]-[pic]. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïîëó÷àåì
îêîí÷àòåëüíîå âûðàæåíèå äëÿ ïîòîêà ?-êâàíòîâ â âèäå:

[pic]
(6)
Êîíñòàíòà À â ñïåêòðå ÑÊË, åñòåñòâåííî, áóäåò ìåíÿòüñÿ â çàâèñèìîñòè îò
ñîðòà ðàññìàòðèâàåìûõ ÷àñòèö: Àð - äëÿ ïðîòîíîâ, À( äëÿ àëüôà-÷àñòèö, Ài -
äëÿ ÿäåð òèïà i è ò.ä.

2.2. Ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå äàííûå, íåîáõîäèìûå äëÿ ðàñ÷åòà ïîòîêà ãàììà-
êâàíòîâ

Êàê âèäíî èç ôîðìóëû (5), äëÿ ðàñ÷åòà ïîòîêà ?-êâàíòîâ íåîáõîäèìî
çíàòü, ïðåæäå âñåãî, ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå çàâèñèìîñòè ñå÷åíèé îò ýíåðãèè. Íà
ðèñ.1-7 ïðåäñòàâëåíû çàâèñèìîñòè ñå÷åíèÿ âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ ÿäåð c
ïðîòîíàìè è ?-÷àñòèöàìè, à íà ðèñ.8-11 ïðèâåäåíû ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå ñå÷åíèÿ
äëÿ ÿäåðíî-ÿäåðíûõ âçàèìîäåéñòâèé â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ýíåðãèè íà íóêëîí â
ëàáîðàòîðíîé ñèñòåìå êîîðäèíàò.
Èç ðèñ.1 âèäíî, ÷òî ïðè ðàññåÿíèè ïðîòîíîâ è ?-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðå [pic]C
ïðîèñõîäèò ïðÿìîå âîçáóæäåíèå ÿäðà ñ ïîñëåäóþùèì èñïóñêàíèåì ?-êâàíòà ñ
ýíåðãèåé Å[pic]= 4.439 ÌýÂ. Íà ðèñ.1 ó÷òåí òàêæå äðóãîé êàíàë
âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ïðîòîíîâ è ?-÷àñòèö ñ ÿäðîì [pic]C - ÷åðåç îáðàçîâàíèå
âîçáóæäåííîãî ÿäðà [pic]B, ïðè êîòîðîì èçëó÷àþòñÿ êâàíòû ñ ýíåðãèé Å[pic]=
4.444 ÌýÂ. Ýòè äàííûå íåîáõîäèìû íà ñëó÷àé, åñëè ïðè íàáëþäåíèÿõ ýòè äâå
áëèçêèå ÿäåðíûå ãàììà-ëèíèè íåëüçÿ áóäåò ðàçëè÷èòü.
[pic]
Ðèñ.1. Ñå÷åíèÿ íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ è (-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðå 12Ñ [2].
Êðèâûå À è Ñ - ïðÿìîå âîçáóæäåíèå óðîâíÿ ñ ýíåðãèåé 4.499 ÌýÂ â ðåàêöèÿõ
(p, p') è ((, ('), êðèâûå B è D - ãåíåðàöèÿ ãàììà-êâàíòîâ ñ ýíåðãèåé 4.444
Ìý ñ ó÷åòîì ðåàêöèè îáðàçîâàíèÿ 11B.

[pic]
Ðèñ.2. Ñå÷åíèÿ íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ è (-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðå 14N ñ
ãåíåðàöèåé ãàììà-ëèíèè 2.31 ÌýÂ.

[pic]
Ðèñ.3. Ñå÷åíèÿ íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ è (-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðå 16O ñ
ãåíåðàöèåé ãàììà-ëèíèè 6.13 ÌýÂ.


[pic]
Ðèñ.4. Ñå÷åíèÿ íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ è (-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðå 20Ne ñ
ãåíåðàöèåé ãàììà-ëèíèè 1.63 ÌýÂ.

[pic]
Ðèñ.5. Ñå÷åíèÿ íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ è (-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðå 24Mg ñ
ãåíåðàöèåé ãàììà-ëèíèè 1.369 ÌýÂ.

[pic]
Ðèñ.6. Ñå÷åíèÿ íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ è (-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðå 28Si ñ
ãåíåðàöèåé ãàììà-ëèíèè 1.779 ÌýÂ.


[pic]
Ðèñ.7. Ñå÷åíèÿ íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ è (-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðå 56Fe ñ
ãåíåðàöèåé ãàììà-ëèíèè 0.847 ÌýÂ.

[pic]
Ðèñ.8. Ñå÷åíèÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ âîçáóæäåííîãî ÿäðà 24Mg â ðåçóëüòàòå ij-ðåàêöèé
ñ ïîñëåäóþùèì èñïóñêàíèåì ãàììà-êâàíòà ñ ýíåðãèåé 1.369 ÌýÂ.

[pic]
Ðèñ.9. Ñå÷åíèÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ âîçáóæäåííîãî ÿäðà 20Ne â ðåçóëüòàòå ij-ðåàêöèé
ñ ïîñëåäóþùèì èñïóñêàíèåì ãàììà-êâàíòà ñ ýíåðãèåé 1.634 ÌýÂ.
[pic]


Ðèñ.10. Ñå÷åíèå îáðàçîâàíèÿ âîçáóæäåííîãî ÿäðà 16O â ðåçóëüòàòå ij-ðåàêöèé
ñ ïîñëåäóþùèì èñïóñêàíèåì ãàììà-êâàíòà ñ ýíåðãèåé 1.63 ÌýÂ.



[pic]
Ðèñ.11. Ñå÷åíèÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ âîçáóæäåííîãî ÿäðà 28Si â ðåçóëüòàòå ij-ðåàêöèé
ñ ïîñëåäóþùèì èñïóñêàíèåì ãàììà-êâàíòà ñ ýíåðãèåé 1.779 ÌýÂ.


2.3. Âêëàä ðåàêöèé íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö â
ïðîöåññ ãåíåðàöèè ?-êâàíòîâ

Îöåíèì ñíà÷àëà ïîòîê ?-èçëó÷åíèÿ F( îò ðåàêöèé íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ
óñêîðåííûõ ?-÷àñòèö è ïðîòîíîâ íà ÿäðàõ ñîëíå÷íîé àòìîñôåðû. Ïîòîêè ?-
êâàíòîâ F( áûëè ðàññ÷èòàíû íàìè ïî ôîðìóëå (6) äëÿ çíà÷åíèé s â èíòåðâàëå
îò 2 äî 8 (ìàëûé ïîêàçàòåëü ñîîòâåòñòâóåò áîëåå æåñòêîìó ñïåêòðó).
Ïîëó÷åííûå çíà÷åíèÿ F( íîðìèðîâàëèñü íà êîíöåíòðàöèþ ÿäåð nk è êîýôôèöèåíò
À â ñïåêòðå ÑÊË, çàòåì èññëåäîâàëàñü çàâèñèìîñòü âûõîäà îò âåëè÷èíû s. Â
ñëó÷àå ðàññåÿíèÿ íà ÿäðå [pic]C óêàçàííàÿ çàâèñèìîñòü èìååò âèä, ïîêàçàííûé
íà ðèñ.12. Âåëè÷èíà B íà ðèñ.12 åñòü îòíîøåíèå ïîòîêà àëüôà-÷àñòèö ê ïîòîêó
ïðîòîíîâ ïðè îäèíàêîâûõ ýíåðãèÿõ íà íóêëîí.
[pic]
Ðèñ.12. Çàâèñèìîñòü âûõîäà ïîòîêà ãàììà-êâàíòîâ îò ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà ÑÊË
ïðè íåóïðóãîì ðàññåÿíèè óñêîðåííûõ ïðîòîíîâ è (-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðå 12Ñ ïðè
ðàçëè÷íûõ çíà÷åíèÿõ îòíîøåíèÿ  ïîòîêà (-÷àñòèö ê ïîòîêó ïðîòîíîâ.
Ðàñ÷åòíûé ïîòîê íîðìèðîâàí ê êîíöåíòðàöèè ÿäåð 12Ñ è àáñîëþòíîé
èíòåíñèâíîñòè óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö.

Èç ðèñ.12. âèäíî, ÷òî ïðè çíà÷åíèÿõ ïîêàçàòåëÿ s îò 2 äî 3 (æåñòêèé
ñïåêòð ÑÊË) îñíîâíîé âêëàä â ãåíåðàöèþ ?-êâàíòîâ âíîñèò ðåàêöèÿ íåóïðóãîãî
ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ íà ÿäðå[pic]C. Ïðè áîëåå ìÿãêîì ñïåêòðå (s™3.5) è Â =
0.1 îñíîâíóþ ðîëü èãðàåò ðåàêöèÿ íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ?-÷àñòèö.  ñëó÷àå
î÷åíü ìÿãêîãî ñïåêòðà, êîãäà s ™ 6, ðîëü ðåàêöèè íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ?-
÷àñòèö ÿâëÿåòñÿ îïðåäåëÿþùåé äàæå ïðè î÷åíü ìàëîì èõ ñîäåðæàíèè (B = 0,01)
â ïîòîêå ÑÊË. Îòíîøåíèå ïîòîêà ?-êâàíòîâ îò ðåàêöèè íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ
ïðîòîíîâ íà ÿäðå [pic]C ê ïîòîêó îò ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé ðåàêöèè ñ ó÷àñòèåì ?-
÷àñòèö îòðàæåíî â Ïðèëîæåíèè (Òàáëèöà 1). Çíà÷åíèå ýòîãî îòíîøåíèÿ äàíî â
ïðîöåíòàõ, è äëÿ äàííîãî ÿäðà èçìåíÿåòñÿ â èíòåðâàëå îò 2 äî 80 % ïðè B =
0,1 è îò 20 äî 67,7 % ïðè B = 0,01. Â Òàáëèöå 2 ïðèâåäåíû ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå
ðåçóëüòàòû äëÿ ðåàêöèè ñ ó÷åòîì îáðàçîâàíèÿ [pic]B.
Ðàññìîòðèì òåïåðü àíàëîãè÷íóþ çàâèñèìîñòü äëÿ ðåàêöèè âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ
óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö ñ ÿäðîì [pic]N (ðèñ.13). Èç ðèñ.13 âèäíî, ÷òî ïðè
çíà÷åíèÿõ ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà îò 2 äî 4.5 îñíîâíóþ ðîëü â ïðîöåññå
ãåíåðàöèè ?-èçëó÷åíèÿ èãðàåò ðåàêöèÿ íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ íà ÿäðå
[pic]N. Ïðè s ™ 4.5 è B = 0.1 îñíîâíîé âêëàä äàåò ðåàêöèÿ âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ
äàííîãî ÿäðà ñ ?-÷àñòèöàìè,. Îòíîøåíèå ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ïîòîêîâ ?-êâàíòîâ,
âûðàæåííîå â ïðîöåíòàõ, èçìåíÿåòñÿ â ïðåäåëàõ îò 15,7 äî 97,3 % (Òàáëèöà
3).
[pic]
Ðèñ.13. Çàâèñèìîñòü âûõîäà ïîòîêà ãàììà-êâàíòîâ îò ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà ÑÊË
ïðè íåóïðóãîì ðàññåÿíèè óñêîðåííûõ ïðîòîíîâ è (-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðå 14N ïðè
ðàçëè÷íûõ çíà÷åíèÿõ îòíîøåíèÿ  ïîòîêà (-÷àñòèö ê ïîòîêó ïðîòîíîâ.
Ðàñ÷åòíûé ïîòîê íîðìèðîâàí ê êîíöåíòðàöèè ÿäåð 14N è àáñîëþòíîé
èíòåíñèâíîñòè óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö.

Íà ðèñ.14 ïîêàçàíà çàâèñèìîñòü âûõîäà ïîòîêà ?-êâàíòîâ îò ïîêàçàòåëÿ
ñïåêòðà äëÿ ðåàêöèè ñ ÿäðîì êèñëîðîäà [pic]O. Ïðè çíà÷åíèÿõ ïîêàçàòåëÿ
ñïåêòðà s ˜ 3.5, êàê è â ïðåäûäóùèõ ñëó÷àÿõ, ïðîòîíû äàþò îñíîâíîé âêëàä â
ãåíåðàöèþ ?-èçëó÷åíèÿ. Äëÿ èíòåðâàëà 3.5 ˜ s ˜ 4.5 îñíîâíîé ðåàêöèåé â
ïðîöåññå ãåíåðàöèè ñòàíîâèòñÿ íåóïðóãîå ðàññåÿíèå ?-÷àñòèö (ïðè B = 0.1), à
äëÿ s ™ 4.5 ?-÷àñòèöû èãðàþò ðåøàþùóþ ðîëü äàæå ïðè èõ íåçíà÷èòåëüíîì
ñîäåðæàíèè (B = 0.01) â ïîòîêå ÑÊË. Ñðàâíèòåëüíûå îòíîøåíèÿ ïîòîêà ?-
êâàíòîâ îò ðåàêöèé ñ ó÷àñòèåì ïðîòîíîâ è ?-÷àñòèö ïðèâåäåíû â Òàáëèöå 4
(ñì. Ïðèëîæåíèå).


[pic]
Ðèñ.14. Çàâèñèìîñòü âûõîäà ïîòîêà ãàììà-êâàíòîâ îò ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà ÑÊË
ïðè íåóïðóãîì ðàññåÿíèè óñêîðåííûõ ïðîòîíîâ è (-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðå 16Î ïðè
ðàçëè÷íûõ çíà÷åíèÿõ îòíîøåíèÿ  ïîòîêà (-÷àñòèö ê ïîòîêó ïðîòîíîâ.
Ðàñ÷åòíûé ïîòîê íîðìèðîâàí ê êîíöåíòðàöèè ÿäåð 16Î è àáñîëþòíîé
èíòåíñèâíîñòè óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö.

Äàííûå ðèñ.15 ïîçâîëÿþò îöåíèòü âêëàä â ãåíåðàöèþ ?-èçëó÷åíèÿ îò
íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ è ?-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðàõ [pic]Ne.  ýòîì ñëó÷àå
îñíîâíîé âêëàä â ïîòîê ?-êâàíòîâ ?-÷àñòèöû áóäóò âíîñèòü, íà÷èíàÿ ñ s ™ 3.5
ïðè B = 0.1, à äëÿ ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà s ™ 6.5 - ïðè B = 0.01. Ñðàâíèòåëüíûå
îòíîøåíèÿ ïîòîêîâ ?-êâàíòîâ îò ðåàêöèé ñ ó÷àñòèåì ïðîòîíîâ è ?-÷àñòèö
îòðàæåíû â Òàáëèöå 5.
[pic]

Ðèñ.15. Çàâèñèìîñòü âûõîäà ïîòîêà ãàììà-êâàíòîâ îò ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà ÑÊË
ïðè íåóïðóãîì ðàññåÿíèè óñêîðåííûõ ïðîòîíîâ è (-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðå 20Nå ïðè
ðàçëè÷íûõ çíà÷åíèÿõ îòíîøåíèÿ  ïîòîêà (-÷àñòèö ê ïîòîêó ïðîòîíîâ.
Ðàñ÷åòíûé ïîòîê íîðìèðîâàí ê êîíöåíòðàöèè ÿäåð 20Nå è àáñîëþòíîé
èíòåíñèâíîñòè óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö.

Äëÿ ÿäåð [pic]Mg, êàê âèäíî èç ðèñ.16, ðåàêöèÿ íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ
ïðîòîíîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ îïðåäåëÿþùåé ïðè ëþáîì çíà÷åíèè ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà.
[pic]
Ðèñ.16. Çàâèñèìîñòü âûõîäà ïîòîêà ãàììà-êâàíòîâ îò ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà ÑÊË
ïðè íåóïðóãîì ðàññåÿíèè óñêîðåííûõ ïðîòîíîâ è (-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðå 24Mg ïðè
ðàçëè÷íûõ çíà÷åíèÿõ îòíîøåíèÿ  ïîòîêà (-÷àñòèö ê ïîòîêó ïðîòîíîâ.
Ðàñ÷åòíûé ïîòîê íîðìèðîâàí ê êîíöåíòðàöèè ÿäåð 24Mg è àáñîëþòíîé
èíòåíñèâíîñòè óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö.

Äëÿ ÿäåð [pic]Si (ðèñ.17) äî çíà÷åíèé s ( 4 ãëàâíóþ ðîëü â ãåíåðàöèè
ïîòîêà ?-êâàíòîâ èãðàåò ðåàêöèÿ íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ. Ïðè
çíà÷åíèÿõ ïîêàçàòåëÿ s ™ 4 îñíîâíîé âêëàä â ïîòîê ?-êâàíòîâ äàþò ?-÷àñòèöû
ïðè çíà÷åíèè êîíñòàíòû B = 0.1. Ïðè s ™ 6.5 ðåàêöèÿ ðàññåÿíèÿ ?-÷àñòèö íà
ÿäðå [pic]Si âíîñèò îïðåäåëÿþùèé âêëàä äàæå ïðè ìàëîì çíà÷åíèè B = 0.01.
Ñðàâíèòåëüíûå îòíîøåíèÿ ïîòîêîâ ?-êâàíòîâ îò ðåàêöèé ñ ó÷àñòèåì ïðîòîíîâ è
?-÷àñòèö ïðèâåäåíû â Òàáëèöå 6.
[pic]
Ðèñ.17. Çàâèñèìîñòü âûõîäà ïîòîêà ãàììà-êâàíòîâ îò ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà ÑÊË
ïðè íåóïðóãîì ðàññåÿíèè óñêîðåííûõ ïðîòîíîâ è (-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðå 28Si ïðè
ðàçëè÷íûõ çíà÷åíèÿõ îòíîøåíèÿ  ïîòîêà (-÷àñòèö ê ïîòîêó ïðîòîíîâ.
Ðàñ÷åòíûé ïîòîê íîðìèðîâàí ê êîíöåíòðàöèè ÿäåð 28Si è àáñîëþòíîé
èíòåíñèâíîñòè óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö.

Äëÿ ÿäðà [pic]Fe, êàê è äëÿ ÿäðà [pic]Mg, ðåàêöèÿ ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ
ÿâëÿåòñÿ ãëàâíûì èñòî÷íèêîì ãåíåðàöèè (-êâàíòîâ ïðè ëþáîì çíà÷åíèè
ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà ÑÊË (ðèñ.18).
[pic]
Ðèñ.18. Çàâèñèìîñòü âûõîäà ïîòîêà ãàììà-êâàíòîâ îò ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà ÑÊË
ïðè íåóïðóãîì ðàññåÿíèè óñêîðåííûõ ïðîòîíîâ è (-÷àñòèö íà ÿäðå 56Fe ïðè
ðàçëè÷íûõ çíà÷åíèÿõ îòíîøåíèÿ  ïîòîêà (-÷àñòèö ê ïîòîêó ïðîòîíîâ.
Ðàñ÷åòíûé ïîòîê íîðìèðîâàí ê êîíöåíòðàöèè ÿäåð 56Fe è àáñîëþòíîé
èíòåíñèâíîñòè óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö.
2.4. Èññëåäîâàíèå âêëàäà ÿäåðíî-ÿäåðíûõ âçàèìîäåéñòâèé â ïðîöåññ
ãåíåðàöèè ?-êâàíòîâ

 ýòîì ðàçäåëå ìû ïðèâîäèì îöåíêè âûõîäà ïîòîêà ãàììà-êâàíòîâ îò ij-
ðåàêöèé ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ïîòîêîì îò ðåàêöèè íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ.
Äëÿ ïðèìåðà ðàññìîòðèì ñíà÷àëà âêëàä ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ðåàêöèé â ãåíåðàöèþ
ãàììà-ëèíèè ñ ýíåðãèåé 1.369 ÌýÂ îò âîçáóæäåííîãî ÿäðà [pic]Mg (ðèñ.19).
[pic]
Ðèñ.19. Çàâèñèìîñòü âûõîäà ïîòîêîâ ãàììà-êâàíòîâ îò ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà ÑÊË
ïðè ij-ðåàêöèÿõ è íåóïðóãîì ðàññåÿíèè óñêîðåííûõ ïðîòîíîâ íà ÿäðå 24Mg.
Ðàñ÷åòíûå ïîòîêè íîðìèðîâàíû ê êîíöåíòðàöèè ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ÿäåð è
àáñîëþòíîé èíòåíñèâíîñòè óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö.

Êàê âèäíî èç ðèñ.19, äëÿ ñðàâíåíèÿ âêëàäà äâóõ ðåàêöèé (íåóïðóãîãî
ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ è ij-ðåàêöèé íà ÿäðå ìàãíèÿ [pic]Mg) â ãåíåðàöèþ ?-
êâàíòîâ íåîáõîäèìî îöåíèòü îòíîøåíèå êîýôôèöèåíòîâ Ap/Ai â ôîðìóëàõ (5)-
(6). Åñëè áû ìû ó÷èòûâàëè îäèíàêîâûå èíòåðâàëû ýíåðãèé íà íóêëîí è äëÿ
íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ, è äëÿ ij-ðåàêöèé, òî, â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ
äàííûìè [16] î õèìè÷åñêîì (ýëåìåíòíîì) ñîñòàâå Ñîëíöà, îòíîøåíèå Ap/Ai áûëî
áû ïîðÿäêà 500. Îäíàêî, êàê âèäíî èç çàâèñèìîñòè ñå÷åíèé îò ýíåðãèè (ðèñ.8
è ðèñ.16), ðîëü ij-ðåàêöèé ñóùåñòâåííà äëÿ ýíåðãèé íà íóêëîí ìåíüøèõ, ÷åì
äëÿ íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ, òàê ÷òî îòíîøåíèå Ap/Ai áóäåò ïîðÿäêà
200-300. Äëÿ ïîêîÿùèõñÿ ÿäåð îòíîøåíèå Aj/Ak < 1, òåì íå ìåíåå,
ïðîèçâåäåíèå (Ap/Ai)(Aj/Ak) > 1.
Îòñþäà ñëåäóåò, ÷òî ïðè áîëüøèõ ïîêàçàòåëÿõ ñïåêòðà (s ( 4, ñì.
âðåçêó) ij-ðåàêöèè áóäóò èãðàòü îñíîâíóþ ðîëü â ãåíåðàöèè ãàììà-êâàíòîâ îò
âîçáóæäåííîãî ÿäðà [pic]Mg. Ðåçóëüòàòû ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ðàñ÷åòîâ äëÿ ij-
ðåàêöèé íà íåêîòîðûõ äðóãèõ ÿäðàõ (16O, 20Ne è 28Si) ïðåäñòàâëåíû íà
ðèñóíêàõ 20-22, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.
[pic]
Ðèñ.20. Çàâèñèìîñòü âûõîäà ïîòîêîâ ãàììà-êâàíòîâ îò ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà ÑÊË
ïðè ij-ðåàêöèÿõ è íåóïðóãîì ðàññåÿíèè óñêîðåííûõ ïðîòîíîâ íà ÿäðå 16O.
Ðàñ÷åòíûå ïîòîêè íîðìèðîâàíû ê êîíöåíòðàöèè ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ÿäåð è
àáñîëþòíîé èíòåíñèâíîñòè óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö.
[pic]

Ðèñ.21. Çàâèñèìîñòü âûõîäà ïîòîêîâ ãàììà-êâàíòîâ îò ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà ÑÊË
ïðè ij-ðåàêöèÿõ è íåóïðóãîì ðàññåÿíèè óñêîðåííûõ ïðîòîíîâ íà ÿäðå 20Ne.
Ðàñ÷åòíûå ïîòîêè íîðìèðîâàíû ê êîíöåíòðàöèè ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ÿäåð è
àáñîëþòíîé èíòåíñèâíîñòè óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö.
[pic]
Ðèñ.22. Çàâèñèìîñòü âûõîäà ïîòîêîâ ãàììà-êâàíòîâ îò ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà ÑÊË
ïðè ij-ðåàêöèÿõ è íåóïðóãîì ðàññåÿíèè óñêîðåííûõ ïðîòîíîâ íà ÿäðå 28Si.
Ðàñ÷åòíûå ïîòîêè íîðìèðîâàíû ê êîíöåíòðàöèè ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ÿäåð è
àáñîëþòíîé èíòåíñèâíîñòè óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö.

3. Çàêëþ÷åíèå

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìåòîäîì ïðÿìîãî ðàñ÷åòà íàìè äåòàëüíî èññëåäîâàí âêëàä
ðåàêöèé íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ óñêîðåííûõ ïðîòîíîâ è ?-÷àñòèö íà îáèëüíûõ
ÿäðàõ ñîëíå÷íîé àòìîñôåðû, à òàêæå îöåíåí âêëàä òàê íàçûâàåìûõ ij-ðåàêöèé â
ãåíåðàöèþ äèñêðåòíîãî (-èçëó÷åíèÿ âî âðåìÿ ñîëíå÷íûõ âñïûøåê. Ðàññìîòðåí
øèðîêèé äèàïàçîí ñòåïåííûõ ñïåêòðîâ ÑÊË, â ïðåäïîëîæåíèè î âîçìîæíûõ
èçìåíåíèÿõ ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñòåïåíè s îò 2 äî 8.  ðàñ÷åòàõ áûëè èñïîëüçîâàíû
óòî÷íåííûå äàííûå î ñå÷åíèÿõ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ âçàèìîäåéñòâèé, ó÷òåíû
íîâåéøèå ñâåäåíèÿ î ñîñòàâå ñîëíå÷íîé àòìîñôåðû è ïîñëåäíèå äîñòèæåíèÿ
ñîëíå÷íîé ãàììà-àñòðîíîìèè.
Ðåçóëüòàòû ðàñ÷åòîâ ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî äëÿ ÿäåð [pic]C, [pic]N, [pic]O,
[pic]Ne, è [pic]Si ïðè ïîêàçàòåëå ñïåêòðà s˜4 îñíîâíóþ ðîëü â ãåíåðàöèè (-
êâàíòîâ èãðàåò ðåàêöèÿ íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ. Äëÿ ïîêàçàòåëÿ
ñïåêòðà s>4 ðåøàþùèé âêëàä â ãåíåðàöèþ äèñêðåòíîãî (-èçëó÷åíèÿ äëÿ
ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ÿäåð äàåò ðåàêöèÿ íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ?-÷àñòèö (ñì.
Ïðèëîæåíèå). Èñêëþ÷åíèå ñîñòàâëÿþò ÿäðà [pic]Mg è [pic]Fe, äëÿ êîòîðûõ
ðåàêöèÿ íåóïðóãîãî ðàññåÿíèÿ ïðîòîíîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ îñíîâíûì èñòî÷íèêîì
ãåíåðàöèè (-êâàíòîâ ïðè ëþáîì çíà÷åíèè ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà.
Ïðîâîäèìûå â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ îöåíêè ïîçâîëÿþò ñ÷èòàòü, ÷òî äëÿ ÿäåð
[pic]O, [pic]Ne, [pic]Mg, è [pic]Si áîëåå ñóùåñòâåííûìè â ãåíåðàöèè (-
èçëó÷åíèÿ äëÿ íåêîòîðîãî äèàïàçîíà ïîêàçàòåëÿ ñïåêòðà ÿâëÿþòñÿ ij-ðåàêöèè.
Òàêîé âûâîä ïîäòâåðæäàåòñÿ, â ÷àñòíîñòè, ðåçóëüòàòàìè ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîãî
àíàëèçà íàáëþäàâøèõñÿ ïîòîêîâ ÿäåðíîãî (-èçëó÷åíèÿ îò âñïûøêè 23 èþëÿ 2002
ã. [17]. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ó÷åò ij-ðåàêöèé îòêðûâàåò íîâûå âîçìîæíîñòè äëÿ
áîëåå ãëóáîêîãî èçó÷åíèÿ âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ óñêîðåííûõ ÷àñòèö ñ àòìîñôåðîé
Ñîëíöà è äëÿ ïîíèìàíèÿ ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîãî ïðîöåññà óñêîðåíèÿ ÑÊË.







Ïðèëîæåíèå


Òàáëèöà 1 (ê ðèñóíêó 12)
|Ïîêàçàòå|Ïîòîê F[pic] |Ïîòîê |Ïîòîê |F[pic]/|F[pic]/ |
|ëü |îò ðåàêöèè |F[pic](B=0.1)|F[pic](B=0.01|F[pic] |F[pic] |
|ñïåêòðà |[pic]C(p,p`)[p| |) |(B=0.1)|(B=0.01)|
|S |ic]C[pic] |îò ðåàêöèè |îò ðåàêöèè |% |% |
| | |[pic]C(?,?`)[|[pic]C(?,?`)[| | |
| | |pic]C[pic] |pic]C[pic] | | |
|2 |34,249 |11,3522 |1,13522 |301,695|3016,95 |
|2,5 |11,358 |5,9246 |0,59246 |191,709|1917,09 |
|3 |3,946 |3,2032 |0,32032 |123,189|1231,89 |
|3,5 |1,424 |1,7817 |0,17817 |79,9237|799,237 |
|4 |0,53 |1,0144 |0,10144 |52,2476|522,476 |
|4,5 |0,203 |0,589 |0,0589 |34,4652|344,652 |
|5 |0,079 |0,3478 |0,03478 |22,7142|227,142 |
|5,5 |0,032 |0,2084 |0,02084 |15,3551|153,551 |
|6 |0,013 |0,1264 |0,01264 |10,2848|102,848 |
|6,5 |0,00525 |0,0775 |0,00775 |6,77419|67,7419 |
|7 |0,00217 |0,048 |0,0048 |4,52083|45,2083 |
|7,5 |9,09E-04 |0,03 |0,003 |3,03 |30,3 |
|8 |3,82E-04 |0,0189 |0,00189 |2,02116|20,2116 |

Òàáëèöà 2 (ê ðèñóíêó 12)
|Ïîêàçàòåë|Ïîòîê F[pic] |Ïîòîê |Ïîòîê |F[pic]/|F[pic]/ |
|ü ñïåêòðà|îò ðåàêöèè |F[pic](B=0.1) |F[pic](B=0.01)|F[pic] |F[pic] |
| |[pic]C(p,p`)[p|îò ðåàêöèè | |(B=0.1)|(B=0.01)|
|S |ic]C[pic]+ |[pic]C(?,?`)[p|îò ðåàêöèè |% |% |
| |[pic]C(p,2p)[p|ic]C[pic]+ |[pic]C(?,?`)[p| | |
| |ic]B[pic] |[pic]C(?,x)[pi|ic]C[pic]+ | | |
| | |c]B[pic] |[pic]C(?,x)[pi| | |
| | | |c]B[pic] | | |
|2 |34,864 |15,2961 |1,52961 |227,927|2279,27 |
|2,5 |11,46 |7,398 |0,7398 |154,907|1549,07 |
|3 |3,964 |3,7602 |0,37602 |105,42 |1054,2 |
|3,5 |1,427 |1,9946 |0,19946 |71,5432|715,432 |
|4 |0,531 |1,0967 |0,10967 |48,418 |484,18 |
|4,5 |0,203 |0,6211 |0,06211 |32,6839|326,839 |
|5 |0,079 |0,3604 |0,03604 |21,9201|219,201 |
|5,5 |0,032 |0,2133 |0,02133 |15,0023|150,023 |
|6 |0,013 |0,1284 |0,01284 |10,1246|101,246 |
|6,5 |0,00525 |0,0783 |0,00783 |6,70498|67,0498 |
|7 |0,00217 |0,0484 |0,00484 |4,48347|44,8347 |
|7,5 |9,09E-04 |0,0302 |0,00302 |3,00993|30,0993 |
|8 |3,82E-04 |0,019 |0,0019 |2,01053|20,1053 |






Òàáëèöà 3 (ê ðèñóíêó 13)
|Ïîêàçàòåë|Ïîòîê |Ïîòîê |Ïîòîê |F[pic]/|F[pic]/ |
|ü ñïåêòðà|F[pic] |F[pic](B=0.|F[pic](B=0.|F[pic] |F[pic] |
| |îò ðåàêöèè |1) |01) |(B=0.1)|(B=0.01)|
|S |[pic]N(p,p`|îò ðåàêöèè |îò ðåàêöèè |% |% |
| |)[pic]N* |[pic]N(?,?`|[pic]N(?,?`| | |
| | |)[pic]N* |)[pic]N* | | |
|2 |8,813 |2,4509 |0,24509 |359,582|3595,82 |
|2,5 |3,657 |1,3351 |0,13351 |273,912|2739,12 |
|3 |1,555 |0,7396 |0,07396 |210,249|2102,49 |
|3,5 |0,675 |0,4163 |0,04163 |162,143|1621,43 |
|4 |0,298 |0,2378 |0,02378 |125,315|1253,15 |
|4,5 |0,134 |0,1377 |0,01377 |97,313 |973,13 |
|5 |0,061 |0,0807 |0,00807 |75,5886|755,886 |
|5,5 |0,028 |0,0479 |0,00479 |58,4551|584,551 |
|6 |0,013 |0,0287 |0,00287 |45,2962|452,962 |
|6,5 |0,00606 |0,0174 |0,00174 |34,8276|348,276 |
|7 |0,00285 |0,0106 |0,00106 |26,8868|268,868 |
|7,5 |1,35E-03 |0,0065 |6,50E-04 |20,7692|207,692 |
|8 |6,44E-04 |0,0041 |4,10E-04 |15,7073|157,073 |

Òàáëèöà 4 (ê ðèñóíêó 14)
|Ïîêàçàòåë|Ïîòîê |Ïîòîê |Ïîòîê |F[pic]/|F[pic]/ |
|ü ñïåêòðà|F[pic] |F[pic](B=0.|F[pic](B=0.|F[pic] |F[pic] |
| |îò ðåàêöèè |1) |01) |(B=0.1)|(B=0.01)|
|S |[pic]O(p,p`|îò ðåàêöèè |îò ðåàêöèè |% |% |
| |)[pic]O* |[pic]O(?,?`|[pic]O(?,?`| | |
| | |)[pic]O* |)[pic]O* | | |
|2 |14,578 |4,9353 |0,49353 |295,382|2953,82 |
|2,5 |4,203 |2,5372 |0,25372 |165,655|1656,55 |
|3 |1,26 |1,3219 |0,13219 |95,3173|953,173 |
|3,5 |0,387 |0,6975 |0,06975 |55,4839|554,839 |
|4 |0,121 |0,3724 |0,03724 |32,4919|324,919 |
|4,5 |0,038 |0,201 |0,0201 |18,9055|189,055 |
|5 |0,012 |0,1096 |0,01096 |10,9489|109,489 |
|5,5 |0,00399 |0,0603 |0,00603 |6,61692|66,1692 |
|6 |0,0013 |0,0335 |0,00335 |3,8806 |38,806 |
|6,5 |4,26E-04 |0,0187 |0,00187 |2,27914|22,7914 |
|7 |1,40E-04 |0,0106 |0,00106 |1,32453|13,2453 |
|7,5 |4,65E-05 |0,006 |6,00E-04 |0,77417|7,74167 |
|8 |1,54E-05 |0,0034 |3,40E-04 |0,45382|4,53824 |










Òàáëèöà 5 (ê ðèñóíêó 15)
|Ïîêàçàòåë|Ïîòîê F[pic]|Ïîòîê |Ïîòîê |F[pic]/|F[pic]/ |
|ü ñïåêòðà| |F[pic](B=0.1|F[pic](B=0.0|F[pic] |F[pic] |
| |îò ðåàêöèè |) |1) |(B=0.1)|(B=0.01)|
|S |[pic]Ne(p,p`|îò ðåàêöèè |îò ðåàêöèè |% |% |
| |)[pic]Ne* |[pic]Ne(?,?`|[pic]Ne(?,?`| | |
| | |)[pic]Ne* |)[pic]Ne* | | |
|2 |77,574 |21,2247 |2,12247 |365,489|3654,89 |
|2,5 |30,574 |13,2595 |1,32595 |230,582|2305,82 |
|3 |12,753 |8,5602 |0,85602 |148,98 |1489,8 |
|3,5 |5,568 |5,699 |0,5699 |97,7014|977,014 |
|4 |2,526 |3,903 |0,3903 |64,7194|647,194 |
|4,5 |1,184 |2,7426 |0,27426 |43,1707|431,707 |
|5 |0,57 |1,9722 |0,19722 |28,9017|289,017 |
|5,5 |0,281 |1,4476 |0,14476 |19,4114|194,114 |
|6 |0,141 |1,0821 |0,10821 |13,0302|130,302 |
|6,5 |7,20E-02 |0,8219 |0,08219 |8,76019|87,6019 |
|7 |3,70E-02 |0,6332 |0,06332 |5,84334|58,4334 |
|7,5 |2,00E-02 |0,4939 |4,94E-02 |4,0494 |40,494 |
|8 |1,00E-02 |0,3895 |3,90E-02 |2,56739|25,6739 |

Òàáëèöà 6 (ê ðèñóíêó 17)
|Ïîêàçàòåë|Ïîòîê |Ïîòîê |Ïîòîê |F[pic]/|F[pic]/ |
|ü ñïåêòðà|F[pic] |F[pic](B=0.|F[pic](B=0.|F[pic] |F[pic] |
| |îò ðåàêöèè |1) |01) |(B=0.1)|(B=0.01)|
|S |[pic]Si(p,p|îò ðåàêöèè |îò ðåàêöèè |% |% |
| |`)[pic]Si* |[pic]Si(?,?|[pic]Si(?,?| | |
| | |`)[pic]Si* |`)[pic]Si* | | |
|2 |45,854 |8,9064 |0,89064 |514,843|5148,43 |
|2,5 |15,477 |5,0182 |0,50182 |308,417|3084,17 |
|3 |5,62 |2,9018 |0,29018 |193,673|1936,73 |
|3,5 |2,143 |1,7193 |0,17193 |124,644|1246,44 |
|4 |0,847 |1,0416 |0,10416 |81,3172|813,172 |
|4,5 |0,344 |0,6439 |0,06439 |53,4244|534,244 |
|5 |0,143 |0,4053 |0,04053 |35,2825|352,825 |
|5,5 |0,061 |0,2592 |0,02592 |23,534 |235,34 |
|6 |0,026 |0,1681 |0,01681 |15,467 |154,67 |
|6,5 |1,10E-02 |0,1103 |0,01103 |9,9728 |99,728 |
|7 |5,04E-03 |0,0732 |0,00732 |6,88525|68,8525 |
|7,5 |2,25E-03 |0,0491 |4,91E-03 |4,58248|45,8248 |
|8 |1,01E-03 |0,0331 |3,31E-03 |3,05136|30,5136 |








Ëèòåðàòóðà

1. Êóæåâñêèé Á.Ì. ßäåðíûå ïðîöåññû â àòìîñôåðå Ñîëíöà è ñîëíå÷íîå
êîñìè÷åñêîå èçëó÷åíèå, Ìîñêâà, Ýíåðãîàòîìèçäàò, 1985.
2. Ramaty R., Kozlovsky B., and Lingenfelter R.E. Nuclear gamma rays
from energetic particle interactions. Astrophys. J. 1979, v.40,
No.7, p.487-526.
3. Seamster A.G., Norman E.B., Leach D.D., Dyer P., and Bodansky D.
Cross sections relevant to gamma-ray astronomy: Alpha-particle-
induced reactions. Phys. Rev. C, 1988, v.29, p.394.
4. Seamster A.G., Norman E.B., Leach D.D., Dyer P., and Bodansky D.
Cross sections relevant to gamma-ray astronomy: Alpha-particle-
induced reactions on 12C, 14N, and [pic]O nuclei. Phys. Rev. C,
1988, v.32, p.1873.
5. Ikezoe H., Shikazono N., Tomita Y., Ideno K., Sugiyama Y., Takekoshi
E., Tachikawa T., and Nomura T. Measurements of evaporation residues
to investigate lower limiting angular momenta in fusion reactions.
Nucl. Phys. A, 1986, v.456, p.298.
6. Kuronen A., Keinonen J., and Tikkanen P. Cross section of [pic]O
+[pic]O near the Coulomb barrier. Phys. Rev. C, 1987, v.35, p.591.
7. Xapsos M.A., DeYoung P.A., Satkowiak L.J., and Kolata J.J. Gamma-ray
studies of the [pic]O+[pic]Ne system. Phys. Rev. C, 1982, v.25,
p.2457.
8. DeYoung P.A., Kolata J.J., Luhn R.C., Malmin R.E., and Tripathi S.N.
Gamma-ray studies of the [pic]C +[pic]Ne system. Phys. Rev. C, 1982,
v.25, p.1420.
9. Wells W.K., Bybell D.P., and Balamuth D.P. Mutual inelastic
scattering in the [pic]O+[pic]O system. Phys. Rev. C, 1982, v.25,
p.2512.
10. Narayanaswamy J., Dyer P., Faber S.R., and Austin S.M. Production of
6.13 MeV gamma rays from the [pic]O (p, p?) reaction at 23.7 and
44.6 MeV. Phys. Rev. C, 1981, v.24, p.2727.
11. Kobayashi S. Elastic and inelastic scattering of protons by oxygen
in the energy region of 6.9 MeV to 15.6 MeV. Japan Phys. J., 1960,
v.15, p.1164.
12. Tyren H., and Maris Th.A.J. Inelastic scattering of 185 MeV protons
on oxygen, calcium and carbon. Nucl. Phys., 1957, v.4, p.637.
13. Landaud G., Baldit A., Castor J., Devaux A., Roche G., Le Brun C.,
Louvel M., and Yonnet J. Etude des reactions de protons de 400 MeV
sur des noyaux de masse moyenne par une experience de coincidences
proton-gamma (in French). Nucl. Phys. A, 1982, v.384, p.323.
14. Chang C.C., Wall, N.S., and Fraenkel Z. Gamma rays observed from 100-
MeV protons interacting with [pic]Fe and [pic]Ni. Phys. Rev. Lett.
1974, v.33, p.1493.
15. Vonach H., Pavlik A., Wallner A., Drosg M., Haight R.C., and Drake
D.M. Spallation reactions in [pic]Al and [pic]Fe induced by 800 MeV
protons. Phys. Rev. C, 1997, v.55, p.2468.
16. Grevesse N. and Sauval A.J. Standard solar composition. Space Sci.
Rev. 1998, v.85, No.1/2, p.161-174.
17. Kuzhevskij B.M., Gan W.Q., and Miroshnichenko L.I. The role of nuclei-
nuclei interactions in the production of gamma-ray lines in solar
flares. Chinese J. Astron. Astrophysics, 2005, v.5, No.2, p.295-301.

18. Smith D.M., Share G.H., Murphy R.J., Schwartz R.J., Shih A.Y., and
Lin R.P. High-resolution spectroscopy of gamma-ray lines from the X-
class solar flare of 2002 July 23. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2003, v.595,
p.L81-L84.
19. Kuznetsov S.N., Kudela K., Kurt V.G., Myagkova I.N., Yushkov B.Yu.
SONG-M on CORONAS-F: Measurements of high-energy neutral emissions
from the Sun. Chapman Conference, Turku, Finland, August 2004, p.12.

20. Tatischeff V., Kiener J., and Gros, M. Physical implications of
INTEGRAL/SPI gamma-ray line measurements of the 2003 October 28
solar flare. Astrophys. J. 2005 (submitted). ArXiv: astro-ph/0501121
v1 7 Jan 2005.
21. Miroshnichenko L.I. Solar Cosmic Rays. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
2001, pp.480.
22. Miroshnichenko L.I., Mendoza B., and Perez-Enriquez R. Energy spectra
of accelerated solar protons from different sources: I.
Reconstruction and properties of the source spectrum. Solar
Phys.1999, v.186, p.381-400.
23. Miroshnichenko L.I., Perez-Enriquez R., and Mendoza B.
Source energy spectra of
interacting and escaping protons. - Proc. 27th Int. Cosmic Ray
Conf., Invited, Rapporteur, and Highlight Papers, Hamburg, Germany,
2001, p.289-292.