Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://www.kosmofizika.ru/pdf/belikovich.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Mon Oct 5 17:06:16 2009 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Mon Oct 1 23:37:41 2012 Êîäèðîâêà: koi8-r

.. , .. .., .. , .. .., .. , .. .., .. , .. .., .. , .. ..,

I. :
1. , , 1902 . . . . , , , , . , 50­1000 . , , . : , , . ( ) 90 ­ F2 (250­ 400 ) [1]. , , , .

. , , [1­ 3]. , [3, 4]. D ­ 50­90 , , , . D , . ( ) D , [5­7]. ­ [1, 4, 8]. , . , , . . . , [9].



3 (53) ­ 2007



( , , ). , , [1, 10, 11]. , , , . ­ , ­ , ( ) [1, 3], ­ [12]. , . , . ( ), , , , , . , , [1­4]. 2. 80 300 . . 557,7 630,0 . , .

9
, , , , . , [13­14]. 25 MU ( ) [15], (EISCAT, SPEAR), , . , . , [16]. . , , , , [17, 18]. 70­90 . ( 10­100 ), (30­90 ) D (50­90 ), . , , , , . , , , .. 3. ().

3 (53) ­ 2007




10
, . , , . ( ) . . : , , , , .. [19­22]. . , , , , . , . , , , , [23]. 4. 1933 . ­ [24­26]. , , . , , ,


, . «» , . ­ () ­ , , .. .. [19], ­ W.F. Utlaut R. Cohen [26], J.A. Fejer [27]. , , . [28]. , . , , , . 1961 . (. ); () 1970 .; ( , ) 1971 .; . (. ) 1973 . ­ , 1976 .; ­ EISCAT () 1980 .; . ­ , , 1981 .; , ­ , 1981 .; 1987 .; , ­ HIPAS, 1977 ., HAARP, 1980 . ­ , HAARP, HIPAS EISCAT. . , . : ­ ( ), , ,



3 (53) ­ 2007



, , «» (. [2] ). [32, 33].

11
. , , . . 2. () , . , , . , , [30]. . 1 . , , () , , , ,

II.
1. .. [31] 1970 . , , , . 1973 . .. .. [32] . T.N. Seliga 1972 . [33] F , . (). 1975 . . ( , ) , F [32]. F , , F , , «». ( 60­80 ) 10 30­40 . , ,

. 1.

3 (53) ­ 2007




12
. , , . , , , , . , D , E ­ , , F . , , () [30]. , , , , , . ( ­) p = 2 â cos , p ­ ( ) , ­ . = 0 p =. = /2, =p, , , , . , , ( ) : f = fp. . f . , , . , ,


. . . , , , f = f p . , , , (). [34], (. 06 30). , , . , , . 2. , D , , F, . f1 f2 . o x f1n1 , x = f 2n2 ,o , no nx ­ . no nx , , , 2 f 0 = e N m f H = eH mc . , , . , , , N(h). E F­



3 (53) ­ 2007




13

. 2. . 1 ­ F , , 2 ­ E , 3 ­ D ( ), 4 ­ «» Es

, , E . , , , [29, 35]. : ­ , 1g D ; ­ , E­F ; ­ E ; ­ D E ; ­ ; ­ ; ­ F . , , , , , D E ,

, , « » , D F , [30, 35­56]. 2000­2006 . , D [57­69].

III.
1. 1986 . . . 1993 ., , , E, , ( 93 05 9661). E ( 95 05 15086),

3 (53) ­ 2007




14
( 96 05 64130), ( 97 05 64392, 00 05 64695). D . D ( 99 05 64464). 1999 . ( 99 05 78032) [30], [35], , . , , , . , , E (Es) ( 02 05 65281). Es, , (.. ) , E s . 98 05 64509 01 05 65025 , Es, 557,7 . , , Es ( 04 05 64140). E , 557,7 630,0 . . ( 05 05 64111).


D ( ). , , , D, ( 05 05 64304). , , . . 2. 2.1. ­ . , [30], , . , E­F , , . . . N(h)­ , , , F . E­F . : ( ) . , , E­F , , . N(h) (. ). 1990­1992 .



3 (53) ­ 2007



350 N(h) , 90­95 150­180 , ­ . N ( h ) . N(h) foE ­ foE . . N(h) , 60 F . 65­ 150 [70] . E ­ F . . , 90 , N N = (N max - N min ) / N max h = hmax - h(N max ) ( h(N max ) ­ F , , Nmax ). , hmax F , N(h) . , , . , , , N/N = 0,05­ 0,32, h ­ 10­50 . cos 0,1 0,2 1,5 ( 35 25 ). , N/N, E . , , (h = 30 ) (N/N = 0,1). ,

15
. , E­F , . N(h) , , , , E . 2.2. . 1990­1992 . 15­ 60 , , 120­135 («» ) 135­140 («» ). 5­30 ( , 13 ) . . (. [30]). , , E : , Nmax , Nmax(cos ) E . 1999­2006 ., 0,7 1,4 , [60, 61]. ­ , . ­ , , , , , [1, 72]. E . E2 [71]. E2 , f 0 E 2 > f 0 E , N <104 ­3.

3 (53) ­ 2007




16
( , ) (Es). . , [72] : () F , Es E­F , , «» Es E . , E F [72, 73]. , , , F 2 ­ . E . , N(h) , ­ . , «» E . , 120­135 , [74], , , . . , , Nmax(cos ) , . . [75], 6 6 » ( -1)8 ÖÍÏ / + , = ? F ?L ­ , ­ , V ­ . V = 100­150 / T/T 0,1­ 0,2, 20­40 K. ,


E . , E , . 3. D D , , , ( 104 3). D [5­7]. 70­90 . . , , N(h), 50­60 , , . D , , 1g, , . 3.1. D. D 1980 . « » (. ), 5,75 PG = 20 [40­42]. , . 55­75 = 0,1­1 . , [30, 43, 45, 47], , , . [40­42, 30] , D



3 (53) ­ 2007



. , . D = 1/( + ), ­ , ­ . , , c 1g. , , [30]: A (h) µ N (h)(h) / (h) + (h) . (h) , (h), D 75­77 . (h) (h), . , D. . 2, , , , : 65­85 ­ D, 95­140 ­ E. 10 ( «»), . , 72­75 . D 75 80 , . (h) D , D ­ . (h) , . , D ­ O2 ( . [57, 69]).

17
, (h < 65 ) A(h) (h) 1 g, (h = 75­80 ) ­ . , . , , 2000 . , 83 (0,5­1,0) · 10­6, (1­8) · 1010 ­3. 3.2. D. , D , . 1980 . [40]. , . 90 , D. , , 2000 . 2001 . , [57, 63]. , D . . , 65 70­ 75 , «». , , . «» 60 () . , , , . , «» 65 , . ,

3 (53) ­ 2007




18
65 , . «» = 220­280 , 1g. «» D E , , . D. «» , , D, ( ), , , [30]. [57] 70­80 , , N(h) D . , 2­ 3 , 5­7 . , , . , [76], HIPAS , D. , . 3.3. D. , , , D. 90 E (. 2). D


2004­2006 . , h 75 , . (h) , , D . , A (h) µ N (h)(h) / (h) + (h) A(h) N(h) , (h) (h). A(h) 2004­2006 ., , D. (h) , , , A(h) N(h). , , . , , , , D [63]. , D .. 1947 [77]. , 50­60 C, . , D, C . , ­ , . , , , , , , , [62, 68]. D. 4. 4.1. . . , 60 120 ,



3 (53) ­ 2007



. , , , , , , ­ MST (. [30]). , , , , V . , MST , (., , [9, 78]). , . , 120 , . , . . , , , , . , , , . , . , . , , , . . V = ( / 4) â d dt , .

19
[30] , , , , 1/ 1 + ( d V )2 , d ­ , V = K V Á -V -1 ­ , V , V. , V, ; , V. , , , V. , E . , V 97­ 117 . : 90 (70% ). 1 / 100 , 5 / . [30]. , , . V , «» 90 /, ­ /. , 80­100 / [79]. . 5­10 4­5 . 10­20 .

3 (53) ­ 2007




20
, , . , [30], , 0,08 /. 4.2. . . 15­20 , ­ . , , , . 5 . . , , 12­15 /. 1 ­ ( ), , , [37]. D () 11 1989 . ( [38]). , 550 , , . , , , . D ( ­ 61­76 ), . , , 10­20 .


, , 30­50 /. 1,5­2 [38]. , . , , , . , , . , «», [80]. , , F2 20%. , [59]. ( 15 4 ) , [75]. , 15­30 . ( 100 ) . , , . , , 25­50% , , , , [81] ,



3 (53) ­ 2007



. , ( , , ) . , [82]. , , . , 2005­2006 ., . 5. 5.1. 90­120 . 90­120 «» , . D = Te + Ti M im . , , Te Ti im, . , . Te = Ti = T, T ­ , , . (h). , Te . T 1993 . ( [30]). (h), T = MgH k , h =

21
&K kT h M â Mi ,

H ­ , (h); k ­ ; Mi M ­

­ M , = 0,38 · 10­10 3/ [83]; K = 2n(h)/ ­ , ­ , n(h) ­ . , (h) , ( ) N(h). , , E , N(h) ( , [70]), . , N(h) , E N(h) , .
; im = 1990­1991 . , 1990 . 104 T 140 c T 230 250 100 T 160 108 . 95­110 , [84, 85]. T/T 0,05­0,25, 3­5%. / 0,20 0,30. 5­10 , .

3 (53) ­ 2007




22
. EISCAT (, ) [84], , 90­120 . . 5.2. . 1999 ., , , . , 11 1999 . ­ 2000 2001 . . 2005 2066 . . 11 1999 . : ­ , ­ . E , «». ( ­­ ) «» E D . , , , , [60]. E , . T/T / 17­25%. , «». , , .


. (. , [86]), , , . , . , , , , . , . , 90­120 3­3,5 . 5.3. . 106­108 100 . , , . , . () . 100­103 , , , ­ 85­88 . ­ . «» , ­ «». , , 8 (41° N, 105° W) [87]. 2002 . MaCWave SABER (The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) [88] . SABER CO2



3 (53) ­ 2007



1,27 17 2 . , , . , . , , . 5.4. . 100 , , , NO, O, O3, , , . ( ), . 100 , , , . . , .. [89], . (, ) , . , . , , Vt. . , , , , , . ,

23
. , , . «» . , ( ). Vt ( ) [30]. , : A(t ) = A0 (1 + d t ) exp ÈÉÊ-(1 d + 2 t )t ÛÇØ , d = (K 2D )-1 ­ , , t = (KV t )-1 ­ , . , . -1 = ( -1 + 2 -1 ) , d t ­ V t = (k t )-1 = ( -1--1 ) / 2 K . d t d , , ht 100 . t ®¥ ( Vt ® 0 ), =d . «» d(h) h > ht, h < ht ­ T T(h) K(h). , d(h) , , Vt . , , Vt(h), Vt ® 0 . [90], Dt, t . : d(h) . ,

3 (53) ­ 2007




24
f1 f2 (. ). 1987 . , , [74, 90]. 90 . , 15 ( ) , 6­8 ­ Vt(t) 97 117 . 101­105 , Vt . 15 30­60 . Vt , ( 3). Vt « » (, 97 105 ) . , . . , , , 0,7­ 1,4 . , , . , . . 6. 6.1. , . 2000­2006 .


. (Es) . Es . , MU , . Es 20 200 . 300 3­5 . 90­120 , « » . Es, F , . Es, 25 , [91, 92]. Es , . , «» («»), , Es F. , «» , , . [93]. , Es . Es 60 [91, 92], . Es . . ( ) , () . , Es .



3 (53) ­ 2007



(, [10, 11]) Fe+, Mg+, C+, Al+, Na+, Si+ ., , . Es O2+ NO+, Es . , , [30, 36, 49, 50, 61, 64]. [36, 61]. , ( ), E . Es ( h ) , N ( h , t ) [30] D N (h, t ) = AN cos(Kh) exp(-t t ) ,

25
) . Es , «» , . , , , . Es . , (h) Es , . . Es E , , , , . , , , Es [91, 92]. d (. d). , ( h ) , , , M = 56 ( NO + ­ M = 30 O 2 + ­ M = 32) (M = 40). 80% Es [99], Es. Es E , n, Es Ô n Æ2 Ô M Æ Â Ã Â Âà = à E  à m  , Mm Ma ­ à nE Â Õ M a Â Ü Õ sÜ [61]. , E s , Mm , . , , 2001 . , 39 57, Ca+ Fe+.

AN = É1 -

È ÉÊ

N 0 Te (Te 0 +Ti 0 )d Û Çâ 2Te 0 r ÇØ (Te 0 +Ti 0 )(1 + d r ) , AN ­

, T ­ , Te0 Ti0 ­ , M im 1 (T ) =0 â(T T0 ) , d = 2 = KD (Te 0 + Ti 0 )K 2 1 r = 20 N 0 . -1 =-1 +-1 . 4­ d 6 r >> d d. , N. , ( h ) , 30­40 , Es [36, 61]. , Es . , A N, , (

3 (53) ­ 2007




26
[49, 50] E Es. ( ) Es. , + (NO + O 2 ) dV / d h N s ­ Es. , , N m 7,3 · 1 0 3­10 4 ­3 Na (5,3­8) · 104 ­3 100­113 [61]. . , , , , Es, , Es. 6.2. . Es . Es .. .. [95­97]. .. .. [98], fb fo , . [99] , ( 30­60 ) fo. Es , fb < f < fo, Es [100]. [104],


() , 557,7 Es. [101] EISCAT (, ). 04 05 64140 2004 . Es [63, 65]. , [62]. , , 557,7 630,0 ( ) « » . (. II). , , 90 100­ 105 . . (1 ­ , 2 ­ ) « » ( fo Es) , [63]. , Es 90 , Es 100 10 . , , , Es . , , «» Es, ( , D E ). , E D , 10 , . , , ( ), ,



3 (53) ­ 2007



, , , . Es . Es, . , , , . . 2006 . . , , . 5­20 , , , , . Es , . 7. , MU , , [104­108]. , , pp . , O(1S) O(1D) , = 557,7 = 630,0

27
. 557,7 95±2 , F 630,0 , 250±50 . , , 4,17 , , 1,96 , O(1D). . 557,7 1 30 , , 630,0 . , F [102]. 1998 . 60 [104]. , . [103], Es , , , , , , 4,17 , O(1S). . , Es , . Es 557,7 [104]. E ,

3 (53) ­ 2007




28
557,7 630,0 [62]. , , 2004 . ( 04 05 64140). 629,79 , E (Kagan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2005). . , [63, 65]. MU , , 46,5 SEEK (Spo radic E Experiment over Kyushu) [105, 106]. () 3,2 . (QP) , 90­115 . . E . , , . , , , [105­108]. 8. : 8.1. . 2 , . [30], E


, , , . . f1, f2 (, f1, ­ f2) [66]. , f1 f2 = 1 2 =
2 k2 f 2 n2 2 = 1 = 22 â 2 . 2 2 k12 f1 n1 2 , , . 2 n1,2 = 1 -

f1,2 ( f1,2 - f L ) , =

f

2 0

f 2 ( f1 - f L ) [ f 2 ( f 2 - f L ) - f 02 ] â â , f1 ( f 2 - f L ) [ f1 ( f1 - f L ) - f 02 ] f0 ­ , f ­ L . , , . 10%.
2006 . 5,75 4,6 . , . , 90­115 . 8.2. . d = (K 2D )- 1 , .



3 (53) ­ 2007



-) 2K f 1 f 2 d, Vt = (k t )-1 = D = Vt = (
-1

29
[109]; HIPAS [110]; EISCAT [111, 112]. . , , . E ( , ) .. .. .. . , , EISCAT (Michael Rietveld) [113]. , « » , , .

-1 d

K1 K2 4 , 1 K 1 - K 2 , K 1,2 = K 22 K 11 1,2 2 ­ . , , . 8.3. . . , , , , . . , , , . , , , . , ­ D F. , . , , , ( ). .







1 1 K 11 K 2

2



K1 - K 2

IV. ,
III , . , , , . , , , , . (00 05 6513, 01 05 64361); (03 04 64221); , , (01 05 63238, 01 05 64107, 01 05 64460, 01 05 65251, 04 05 65108);

3 (53) ­ 2007




30
(99 05064345, 00 05 65187, 01 05 65044, 02 05 64157, 03 05 64642, 04 05 65069); D F (01 05 64460), (04 05 64908), (01 05 64154) (03 05 64050), (00 05 64976, 01 05 65315, 02 05 64157). (04 05 64671), (00 056 64 033), (03 05 65169), (01 02 65112) (04 02 16612). : (00 05 65080, 00 05 64912), (00 05 65051), (00 05 65132, 02 05 64141) .. , . EISCAT (00 05 64819), (), , (96 02 18499, 98 05 64509, 99 02 17525, 99 02 18008, 99 02 16642, 00 02 17433, 01 05 65025, 02 05 64383, 02 02 17475, 03 05 64636, 03 02 17303, 03 02 16309, 06 02 16075).


, , , (00 04 72026, 01 05 65274, 03 05 64636). ­ D ­ 93 05 9661, 95 05 15086, 97 05 64392, 00 05 64695, 99 05 64464, 02 05 65281, 05 05 64111, 05 05 64304, .

V.
, . , , , , . , . , , .


1. .., .. . .: ,1988. 528 . 2. .., .., .. . « » . 9. . .: , 1989. 138 . 3. .., .., .. . .: , 1984. 392 . 4. .., .., .., .., .. . : , 1991. 288 . 5. Belrose J.S., Burke M.J . Study of the lower ionosphere using partial reflections, 1. Experimental techniqueand methods of analysis // J. Geophys. Res. 1964. Vol. 69. N 13. P. 2799­2818. 6. .. D // . . . « » .: , 1972. . 1. . 172­189.



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34. .., .., .., .., .. «» . 167. : , 1983. 25 . 35. Belikovich V.V., Benediktov E.A., Tolmacheva A.V., Bakhmet'eva N.V. Ionospheric Research by Means of Artificial Periodic Irregularities. Katlenburg­Lindau, Germany. 2002. Copernicus GmbH. ISBN 3 936586 03 9. 160 pp. 36. .., .., .., .., .. // . . . 1998. . 41. 9. . 1077­1085. 96 05 65130, 97 05 64392. 37. .., .., .., .., .. // . . . 1997. . 40. 3. . 308­321. 96 05 65130. 38. .., .., .., .., .., .., .. // . 1996. T. 36. 6. . 43­50. 39. .., .., .. // . . . 1998. . 41. 3. . 348­357. 96 05 65130, 97 05 64392. 40. .., .. D // . 1986. T. 26. 5. C. 837­839. 41. .., .. D // . 1986. T. 26. 4. C. 680­682. 42. .., .. D // . . . 1986. . 29. 11. . 1283­1296. 43. .., .., .., .., .., .. D // . . . 2003. . 46. 3. . 181­191. 04 05 64140, 05 05 64111, 05 05 64304. 44. .., .., .., .. // . 2003. . 43. 1. . 1­6. 99 05 64464. 45. .., .. // / . 2001. . 41. 5. . 667­671. 99 05 64483, 01 05 64504, 02 02 17456. 46. .., .., .. E 1990­1992 . // . 1997. T. 37. 5. . 79­87. 96 05 65130, 97 05 64392. 47. .., .., .., .. D // . . . 1999. . 42. 5. . 431­437. 96 05 65130, 97 05 64397. 48. .., .., .., .. E 1990­1992 . // . 1997. T. 37. 5. . 88­98. 95 05 15086, 96 05 65130. 49. .., .., .., .. // . 1996. . 36. 6. . 36­42. 95 05 15086. 50. .., .., .. . .. E // . . . 1999. . 37. 1. . 26­35. 95 05 15086. 51. Bakhmet'eva N.V., Belikovich V.V., Benediktov E.A., Vyakhirev V.D., Goncharov N.P., Tolmacheva A.V., Korotina G.S. Studies of the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere using artificial periodic inhomogeneities in the ionospheric plasma // Radio Sci., 1998. Vol. 33. No 3. P. 583­595. 95 05 15086, 96 05 65130.



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