Пренатальное определение пола

И.Ю. Барков, В.А. Бахарев, Н.А. Каретникова

Научный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии РАМН, Москва

Проблемы репродукции, N1-1999, с.5-14

В начало...

Единственным на сегодняшний день способом произвести клинически значимое обогащение спермы X- или Y-содержащими сперматозоидами является метод проточной цитометрии [126-128]. Метод основан на использовании различия в содержании ДНК (составляющего у человека 2,8%, в отличие от сперматозоидов домашнего скота, у которого оно достигает 3-4,2%) и позволяет достигнуть эффективности сортировки 80-90% для женских и всего 60-70% для мужских сперматозоидов [125, 128]. Однако клиническое применение этого способа малоэффективно или даже опасно, так как при этом ДНК подвергается воздействию химических красителей и ультрафиолетовому облучению [124].

Таким образом, единственным надежным способом пренатального определения пола плода продолжает оставаться исследование полученных инвазивным путем тканей плодового происхождения: хориона, амниотической жидкости, крови и др. Анализ полученного в ходе процедуры материала в настоящее время может осуществляться как цитогенетически, так и посредством применения таких современных методов диагностики, как FISH и ПЦР. Установление пола плода инвазивными методами возможно с 7 нед беременности.

Из находящихся на стадии научных исследований методов неинвазивного определения пола, в том числе в ранние сроки беременности, наиболее перспективным представляется метод пренатального определения пола по материалу плода, проникающему в материнский кровоток.

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