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: ,


( . )

-- - (East Caucasian) , ( ) , , .


-- . ( ) -- ( ), .


II I , I II , I , I? , ? , , ?

2006 . , . ( 1977). ( ). (Surrey Morphology Group).


.

Sg 1 (masc) 2 (fem) 3 4 wdb-w -r -b b-

Pl

-b

HPL

и- -t (-t'u) и- -t (-t'u)

NPL


.
( 1990, 2003). , ? Л, . -- , . ( ?Л .) ?Л -- (OBL). , -- (OBL vs. OBL.PL).


.

direct
singular oblique markers

(NOM)
plural markers

plural direct

(NOM,PL)

plural oblique markers

oblique

(ERG)

plural oblique
case markers

(ERG,PL)

other cases


.
: : -li-, -mu-/-mi-e-i- ( ), -taj. :caj, -aj (-tu-aj > -taj) , -a-,

?


.
? -aj)Л , -taj -taj ( 1977:2:27 -tu +

. E RG OBL -aj. IN.


.
ita jak
then

kul

ati-li gon-ni-ti-k

t o t i-tu-t

gon

ati-li c -u-li

jak o-li

inside hand(NOM) 4.let.PF-EVID no small-ATR-4 finger(NOM) 4.let.PF-EVID inside

ita sak-u-tu-r
then

mis r-t-aj

<2>look-PF-ATR-2 finger-OBL-SUP-LAT gold-PL-OBL.PL(ERG) fill-PF-CVB find.PF-EVID

- , , - , . -- . , .


.

?

-taj , Л

1977:2:27


.
daj ? ? ? zarbab ? Л, daraj ? Л, tumaj ? Л, alaj ? , -tu -- : du at ? anzar ? Л. : ha t ra - ha t rcaj ? Л. Л, c'aj ? Л, kesij ? Л, kulaj ? Л, cala aj ? Л, karbut ? Л. ., mis rtu ? Л, ej urt ? Л, Л. Л, lacut Л, qalaj Л,


.
. , 4=NPL...


.

Sg 1 (masc) 2 (fem) 3 4 wdb-w -r -b b-

Pl

-b

HPL

и- -t (-t'u) и- -t (-t'u)

NPL


.
. , , 4=NPL... pluralia tantum? , .

...


.
jeb ut-aru laha-n lek-du bo-li
say.PF-EVID

this.P L you.sg.GEN-2.R girl.OBL-GEN bone-PL(NOM)

?
lapu-li
jamu laha-n

Лda-di-tu-t anzar-taj,

(
o c + leki

).
at u-li

throw.PF -CVB 4.hit-PF -ATR -4 dagger-OBL.ERG neck

bone(NOM) 4.cut.PF -EVID

jamu polkownik-li-n laha-n
colonel-OBL -GEN lad.OBL -GEN

that.1 lad.OBL -GEN that.1

, .

,


.
. k'ob ? OBL k'ebe, -te-, -ce-. pluralia tantum: Л, jemim k'ob ( -e. ).


.
. pluralia tantum, 4 ( NPL ).

.


.
: ( ). , : . NPL -> SG (4 ). , ,


.
: ali - alimaj ? marci - marcimaj ? alq - alq li ? , : ? pluralia tantum. Л. Л (HPL/3?) Л (HPL/4? vid. infra) Л (HPL)


(?Л)

:






(?Л)

3

4

p

( .) 1977:1:59)


(?Л)

; (, ): c ut ? Л, gat ? utali ? Л, x it ? Л, k unk um ? Л, k oc o ? Л, Л ( . 1977:1:61). -- s ol ? 4,
( ijtu-r ? Л / ijtu-b ?

Л, baq ari ? 3titut gon ?
Л,

Л, dogi ? . Gon ? ЛЛ-

Л.
)

,


(?Л)

gon
finger

b-equ-li
3-bite.PF-CVB

biz-du-t
insolent-ATR-4

lo
child

edi-li
4.be.PF-EVID

, . no s
horse

et ni-li,
<3>tie.PF-CVB

jemim-me-s
that.PL-OBL-DAT

urmat
respect

q imat
esteem

uw-li
4.do.PF-EVID

, , .

, .( )

,


,

, : lo ', ' 4 ( ?, , , Л 1/2 ) - lobur HPL adam ?Л 1, ?, , -Л 4 insan ?, -Л 1/4 adamtil, insantil - HPL 8 ( 1977; ). -- .


,

wit

dos dur wit

do-o-saw
2-find.PF-CONC2

wit do-o-saw

ijtu-r

you.sg.GEN sister

you.sg.GEN mother-2

do-o-saw
2-find.PF-CONC2

lo wit k ob

you.sg.GEN girl

2-find.PF-CONC2

adam
person

o-mc is
4.find.PF-COND

enne-tu-t se
NPL.take(IMP)

you.sg.GEN be.female-ATR-4

za-ra-k
I.OBL-CONT-LAT

os
one

clothes.PL

, , -

,

,-- .


,

, 4- -- - .


,

adam-PL, adam-OBL.PL: - - lagamat edi-t-ib
around be.PF-ATR-ATR.PL

marci adam-til
all person-PL(NOM)

ba- ra -u-li
HPL-laugh.PF-PF-EVID

, , .


,
adam(-OBL) - () . inz-aw adam-li k a-li nac jo-w, ow-li
4.do.PF-EVID.AUXDEP

LOG.NOM-1.R 1.die.SG.PF-EVID this-1

i-t u
4.AUX-NEG

person-OBL(ERG) nothing

, () . i-tu-t q ebos later he na a-s
4.do-INF

hinc-at u adam
now-4.R person

ati,
4.let.IMP

4.be-ATR-4 thing

c elle-si

a da m -- .

ati-r-gi let-IPFV-PROH ,

outside-ALL person


,

: ir
after

adam
person

q an-c is,
4.come.PF

jella
thus

du- u
2-slaughter.PFV

b-a
say-IMP

, , . ju-w-mu s it -bo-li
whistle-SAY-CVB

jasul adam i-r-kus

bo-li

that-1-OBL.1(ERG) inside person 4.be-INTRG-VERIF say-CVB

,

,

-

.


,

adam-PL ( ) ,

adam(SG) -- ;
(lo~lobur?)

HPL
ru, insan ( ).

4
: -

-- -- .


,

4 : har-si marci-me-n
all-OBL.PL-GEN

zamna-m-a marci no dr-u
house.PL(NOM)-and

ere i ki r

ikir
?.be.ITER

in.front.of-ALL time-OBL-IN

everybody in.Archi

ere
in.Archi

NPL.be.ITER

, .
(marci HPL)

jele-tu-t dunil-li-t

ari-li-ti-k ?

oqe-ra?

this-ATR-4 weather-OBL-SUP work-OBL-SUP-LAT ?.go.PFV.POT-INTRG


,

:

oh
oh

ja-t
this-4

dunil-li-n-nu-t

azab sababsi inzit-ke-r-a?
because suffer-?.become-IPFV-INTRG

world-OBL-GEN-ATR-4 work

jak c olli-si h-erq -u-na
?-walk-PFV-CVB

? a-s-u . i-t i-ra?

inside oustide-ALL

4.do-INF-AND 4.be-NEG-INTRG

,


,

, :


.



, , "": ?.. , ... ...

?Л? .


,
,
-- ? Л. nen-t u
we-PERSPL(INCL)

jati-ut
on.top-TRANS

au-qi
PERSPL.sleep.PFV-POT

. han
what

k at
need

wez,

is

ara-t-ib

uzen-til?
master-PL

you.pl.DAT PERSPL.I.GEN dear-ATR-ATR.PL

, ?

NPL??


,

, , 1 . . -- ?Л NPL, 4 ( adam) , , (. . on). , ?Л, , ?Л , 4 . (Chumakina, Kibort, Corbett 2006 -- -)


,

- . [language] [`we' (excl)] [inclusive]

Chechen Avar Andi Agul Dargwa Khinalug Archi

t xo niz(e) is:i(l) cin nis:a jin, sir nen

v aj n i ( e ) i i ( l ) Xin nus:a ki n , ki r n e n t 'u


,

excl
nom/erg dat gen humloc

incl
nen-CL.P1perspl CL-el-CL.P1 la-CL.P1

excl refl

incl refl

nen CL-el CL-olo

nen-CL.P1-CL.P2 CL-el-CL.P1-CL.P2
CL-olo-CL.P2 CLwe-olo-CASE-CL.P2 la-CL.P1-CL.P2 la-CLwe.P1-CASE-CL.P2

CLwe-olo-CASE la-CLwe.P1-CASE la-CASE

periph and loc

la-CASE-CL.P2

Nom/Erg, Dat -- P1 Gen, Humloc -- + P1 -- P2


,

P1 P2
P1
-(a)wu, -(a)ru, -(a)bu, (a)t'u

P2

-iju, -iju, -iju, -iju



( ) ? Л

(`', `', `') (`' )




,

os-iju-tu-b
one-EMPH<3>-ATR-3(NOM)

os u
o t he r

eu-t u
<3>stay.PFV-NEG

. ha,
w el l

d zu
bi g

us du
brother.NOM

q a-t u-mur
1.come.PFV-NEG-TEMP

q on-nu w-irku-s aru-wu

w-erq -u-li

d zu usdu-wu
big.1 brother.NOM-and seek-<3>DO-INF

be.middle-ATR.1(NOM) 1-walk-PF-EVID 1-find-INF work(NOM)-and

zu-s-at u rig-aa-s
LOG.1.OBL-DAT-4.R

,

, .


,

idi-li
<1>arrive.PF-EVID

jamu
that.1(NOM)

to-t-at u
thot-4-4.R

ere-q a-k
village.OBL-INTER-LAT

. ha,
w el l

d zu
bi g

us du
brother.NOM

q a-t u-mur
1.come.PFV-NEG-TEMP

q on-nu w-irku-s aru-wu

w-erq -u-li

d zu usdu-wu
big.1 brother.NOM-and seek-<3>DO-INF

be.middle-ATR.1(NOM) 1-walk-PF-EVID 1-find-INF work(NOM)-and

zu-s-at u rig-aa-s
LOG.1.OBL-DAT-4.R

,

, .


,

1960- -- 19- --


,

, :
os qwewu welawu qumaq abas xir waЛ boli -

os
one

qI'w-wu
two

w-el-awu
1-we.DAT-1.P1

kumak
help

abas
<3>do-INF

ir+
bring+

w-aЛ
1-do(IMP)

boli -
say.PF-EVID

, -


,

:
jammit:is welawu ontu ewt:a:t'u

ja-m-mi-t:i-s
this-OBL-SUP-EL

w-el-awu
1-we.dat-1.P1

oInt-u
head(NOM)-and

et:-a:-t'u
<1>become.PF-POT.NEG-NEG

(, -- , .) .
lat'u jat baran wannat:ut ko k i

la-t'u
we.OBL-4.P1 (GEN,INCL)

ja-t
this-4(NOM)

baran
as

wanna-tu-t
similar-ATR-4

k'ok'
dish(NO M)

i
4.be

( , :) .


,

?
. , , , . , , .