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Вестник Московского университета
Серия 14 ПСИХОЛОГИЯ



? 3 ћ 2007 ћ

ИЮЛЬ



СЕНТЯБРЬ


30 ' . 14. ' . . '' -- .................................................................. 3 ................................................................................................................ 4 IV . . -- ................... 7 . . ' ' : ............................................................................. 15 . ., . ., . . : ............................... . . ............................................. . . ................................................ . ., . ., . ., . . .................................................................. . . , ....................................

44 57 69

82 88

-- . . ........................ 96 . . ....... 102 . ., . . ............................. 109 80 ...................................................... 113 75 ......................................................... 116
Summaries ..................................................................................................................... 118


MOSCOW UNIVERSITY BULLETIN (VESTNIK). SERIA 14. PSYC H O LOGY. 2007. 3

CONTENTS

To the 30th anniversary of 'Moscow University Bulletin (Vestnik). Seria 14. Psychology' Sado vnichy V. A. 'Vestnik' -- main scientific publication by psychologists of Moscow University ........................................................................ 3 From editorial board .......................................................................................................... 4 IV congress of the Russian psychological society Zinchenko Yu. P. Professional psychologies -- for the future of Russia ........................ 7 Fundamental science today Chernorizo v A. M. 'The problem field' of modern psychophysiology: from nanoneuronics to consciousness ........................................................................ 15 Theoretical and experimental studies Tkhosto v A. Sh., Levin Ya. I., Rasskazo v a Ye. I. Psychological model of neurotical insomnia: factors for chronification ............................................ Y egoro v a M. S. Development as the object of behavioral genetic studies ..................... Leono v a A. B. Human reliability and stress management technologies in modern occupations .............................................................................................. Smirno v S. D., K o r n i l o v a T. V., K ornilo v S. A., Malakho v a S. I. About the connection between intellectual abilities and personality traits of students and their academic success ..................... ................................................ Zentso v a N. I. Peculiarities of cognitive factors of psychosocial adaptation of heroin addicted people ..........................................................................................

44 57 69

82 88

Psychology to practice Bratus B. S. General psychology against a background of modernity ............................ 96 Klimo v E. A. About nonlinearity of the professional development process ................. 102 Meshko v a N. N., F edoro vich E. Yu. Actual problems in zoopsychology and comparative psychology teaching ...................................................................... 109 Anniversaries To the 80th anniversary of Viktor Vasilievich Lebedinsky ................................................. 113 To the 75th anniversary of Diana Borisovna Bogoyavlenskaya .......................................... 116
Summaries ..................................................................................................................... 118


. . . . 14. . 2007. 3

30 ' . 14. '

. . '' --
, , , ! , 1977 , ' ' -- ''. , . '' , , , . ' . 14. ' , , , , , , . , , , , , ' . 14. ' , , . .. , , '', .
3


'' -- .. , .. , .. -- .. . 30 '' . ' . 14. ' .. , .. , .. , .. , .. . ''. , . . 40 , 30 . , , .

. . . . 14. . 2007. 3


30 , 1977 , ' . 14. '. . -- ' ', -- , . '' . '' 1980 ' ', , .
4


''. , , . , 41 , . . , .. , .. , .. , .. , , '', '' . 1974 , .. ' '. , , , , , , , ' '. , .. , . .. , , . 1976 375 .. 1 1977 ' ', ''. -- 4 6 . ''. .. , .. , -- .. . .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. . .. . . 30 '' , , , , , , .
5


, , , ' ' ' ', '' . , , : , . , , , , , -- , . '' -- . . .. .. , -- , , . .. , .. , .. . '' 30 . ' . 14. '


. . . . 14. . 2007. 3

IV
. . --
! ! , , , , . , . . , . 1. . 2. . 3. , , , ' -- '. , . . . : ', / ! / / '. '', , , ? , -- 'Psychologies'; , . , , , , . ,
IV ( , 18 2007).

7


, , . , . -- , , . , : 1. . 2. , . 3. . : 1. . 2. . 3. . , , , 1930--40 , , . . , . , , , , : (); ( , PR HR); (, ); (PR, ); ( , , HR); (, , , ). , , -- . . . () . 14
8


, . 24 1885 . 53 . -- -- 14 1885 . 200 . . , , , . . . , , , , , , , . , . , , . ' ' ' ', , , . , : '' . .. , ' ' . , '' . .. , . , , -- .. , .. , .. , .. , .. . , , , . 1922 , , . 35 , 1957 , , , , 1994 -- . -- , , , , . , .
9


60--70 XX , . ! , , . . , , . , , , . . , . -- , . , -- , . . ? : ћ ; ћ ; ћ ; ћ ; ћ ; ћ ; ћ ; ћ . -- . -- : ' , : , . . . . . . . . . . . . '. ' '. , , . ! , .
10


, ; . , , , . , . . , . . , , , : , , , , , , . , , . '' . , , , . . . , . 2008 . , , . -- , , , ,
11


. . .. , .. , .. . , . , . : ћ ; ћ , ; ћ ( ); ћ ; ћ ; ћ . , . , , , ( , , , .). . ( -- ) , . , . : ћ ; ћ , ; ћ , , , , ; ћ ;
12


ћ , ; ћ . . , : , ; , , ; , . , . . . . , , . . ' '. , . . ' ' , . .
13


, . -- : , , , ' ', ' ', ' '. -- ' ' -- , , . , , ( , , ) . ' ', . , . . ' ' , . . . . . . , . , (2011 ). : , , , , .
14


. . . . 14. . 2007. 3


. . ' ' :
. XIII (. , , 28.08--02.09.2006) , , . : , , , , , , , , .

' , , , '. .. ' . ... , , . , !' .. ' , , , . '. .

1.
-- . . (1832--1920), 1879 . ' ' '
15


' (, 2001, 2007). . 1982 ., , ( International Organization of Psychophysiology -- IOP) 'International Journal of Psychophysiology'. ( ) IOP, , . .. . .. . 25 2007 . , '' () , . -- , . XIII , IOP (. , 28.08--02.09.2006). -- , , ' '. , , , , .

2. : '' 2.1. . -- -- ()
I 1982 . ' ' ' , '. -- () .. (, ) -- ' ...'. 1982 . '' . 25 , ' ' '', . .. . , 1998 . , ' ' , IOP -- '
16


1998' (1898--1998 .). ( ), , . . .. '' (, , 2007). '', . , , ' ', ' ' , ' ' (, 2005, ; , 2007). 25 XIII , . .. '---- ' ('Human--Neuron--Model'), . , . .. (2003). , , , . ad hoc . : (' ') , ' ' , . , -- '' , ' ' , . , ' , ' (, , 1998), -- , (, 2003).

2.2.
XIII
17


'' ( ), '' ( ). , ' ' ' ', : ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' '1. , , . : '... -- ... -- . , ' (, 1981, . 9). -- , , '' . 2.2.1. . XIII . .. (Sokolov, 2006, ), . .. (Chernorizov, 2006, ) . . (Vaitkevichus et al., 2006, ). ' ' , -- ( .: .., 2007; , , , 1989; , 2003). -- , , , . . , , . , . , , , .
1 '' , . (, , ' ').

18


. , , , (, 1999, 2005; ., 2007; , , 2004; , , 2001; Chernorizov, 2006). , . . , . . . ( ). , ('') '' '' , . , . , (, 2002, 2003). 2.2.2. . XIII , , -- -- ( ) . , ' ' , ' ' (.: , 2003). : 'Human--Neuron--Model; Parts I, II, III' (' ----; I, II, III'), 'Multistable perception -- Where bottom up meets top down' (' : , , , '), 'Brain activity from different viewpoints: Multimodal studies' (' : ').
19


' ' ' ' . , . '' () ' ' ( ), ' ' ' '. () .. ' ' (1951), . . (1981) ' () ' , .. ' ' (, 2003; , 1968; , 2004), .. ' ' (, 2006). , ' ' , -- (, 2001, 2005). , -- ( ) '' () . ' ' ( 2.4. ' '). , XIV (. , 8--13 2008 .) : 'From Neuron to System. I. Neuronal Bases of Mind and Behavior' (' I. , ') 'From Neuron to System. II. Systems Cognitive Psychophysiology' (' II. '). 2.2.3. . , , . XIII , , , . ()
20


. , , : 'The oscillatory activity of complex cognitive processes' (' '), 'Brain oscillations are "coherence and entropy changes" factors in perception and evolution of species' (' '), 'Oscillatory correlates of human memory' (' '). '' , 1960--80 ., . (J. Eccles) '', . , . , .. (Danilova, 2006, ) 35--70 . D. Struber et al. (2006, --) ' ' ( ) , -- (bottom up = ) (top down = ). , ' ( )' . B. Guntekin E. Basar (2006, ) , (, ) , 500 . R. Desimone (2006, ), 'top down' , , . , , , -- , , . N. Axmacher et al. (2006, --) . , () . T. Demiralp et al. (2006, --) ,
21


, . : . . Segal (2006, ) . , . : , , , . . Magistretti (2006, ) , . ' the astrocyte neuron shuttle'. , , , (). -- . ' ' ( . 'connection' -- ), ' ' (Hebb) . , (, 2006). ( ) . -- , .. , (, 1997). -- ( ). . , ' (, , )', ' ', '', ' ' (, , 2000; , , 2003). E. Basar B. Guntekin (2006, ) . , : (
22


) () () . , .. , , . , . . Neuper et al. (2006, ), , ' ' . , , , , . . , : 'Multidisciplinary approaches to altered states of consciousness' (' ') 'Psychophysio logical markers of hypnosis and hypnotizability' (' '). , , : 1) '' , (gyrus cinguli anterior); 2) ; 3) ' ' , ( ). , M. Solms (2006, ) , . , ( ) . 2.2.4. . . ( , ) : (, , , ), ' ',
23


( ). , , : , , . . () ' ' (Kandel, 1998). XIII , : , , , , , , . . Begleiter . Porjesz (2006, ) 2 4 7 . '' , . . Mesulam (2006, ) , 'hemispatial neglect' ( ) ' ', , ' '. , ' ' , , . . Tass (2006, ) , ( , .) . -- ( ) ( ) . ' '. () (). , ,
24


. . . (1991) , ( ), ' '. , , .. . -- ' ' ( , , ). , ( ). ( ) , , . XIII -- 'Clinical psycho physiology of cognitive and memory disorders'. ' '. C. Mangina J. Benzeron Mangina (2006) . ( ) ' --' (Mangina, Sokolov, 2006). 2.2.5. . , , . . , . , . -- , , -- , , , , , . , . , ' ', (--), ( , ) (, , 2003; , , 2006). : =>
25


=> => => => . , . , (, 1994). XIII -- 'Psychophysiology of social interactions' (' '). , () . (Casarotto et al., 2006) , . , -- '' ''.

2.3.
. . ( -- ); , ; . (, ) ( -- , -- , -- , -- .). , ' ' (). ( ), , . (, , , , ).
26


, , , , , , , . J.P. Rosenfeld 1970--80 . . -- ' ', ' ' (, , ) (Farwell, Donchin, 1991; Rosenfeld, 2006; Rosenfeld et al., 1987, 2004; Vendemia, 2003). , , -- () () (Vendemia, 2003). , , , . XIII : 'Psychophysiology of ocular phenomena' (' ') 'Deception detection in the 21st century' (' XXI '). J.A. Stern (2006, ) (, , ) . J. Tecce (2006, ) . , (1) (, ) (, ; 'hedonic arousal') ; (2) . G. Ganis S.M. Kosslyn (2006, ) , . , (' ', ' ', ' ') , . ' ' ', '. , , -- J. Rosenfeld (2006,
27


). 300 ( , , '' ). 85--100%, ' ' ( ) .

2.4.
XIII . 'Human--Neuron--Model' . .. '----' (Sokolov, 2006) .. .. (Krylov, Alexandrov, 2006). ' ' ' ' . , , , . 2.4.1. : -- ? , . ? ? ( ) ? , , -- , , . ' ' (Ch. Sherrington, W. Penfield, K. Popper, J. Eccles) ' ' (' ' -- J. Smart, D. Armstrong ) ( , 1971, 1994), . , , (1887--1961). ' ? ' (2002)
28


' ' (2005) , , . . , ( ) -- ' ' ( ) ' ' (, ), -- -- ' ': , -- , . , , . , . (2004, 2005 , ) '', ( ) . , ( ) , . . () , . . . , , () (1917--2003) (, , 2003, 2005). . , . -- , '' , , . , ' ' '', ' ' ( ' ' ''). . . , (1885-- 1962), , '' -- , , . . (1879--1955) ''
29


( ), ( ' ' ). . : ' '. . , , . . ( ), ( , ), , , ( . ) (, 2005 ). . , . -- -- , ( , ). , '' '' , ( .: , 1995, 2003). , , , . , , , -- . 2.4.2. . -- -- '' ''. (, 1971, 1994). , .. , , .
30


, , .. (1982). ( ) -- , . ' ' , '' : 1) ? 2) ? , . ' ', '', '', ( ) -- '', '', ' ' .. . -- .. , .. . ( '', ''), -- ( ' '). . . (1776--1832) . . (1834--1902) . (1794--1867), , , ( , ). ' ' .. .. ' ' ('Psychological Review') 30 . ( , 1999). , ' ' : ' , , . ... ... , , , ... --
31


() . , . , , , , ' (, 1933, . 140). .. ' ', . '' , , ' ' . . (1981). , (1) ; (2) , ; (3) , .. . , , . , /, , . ( ) ( ). ' ' , (, 2003). , -- .. .. -- '' (, ) . .. , .. , .. , .. , . . , . , . , . , .. , .. , .. . '', . , '',
32


( ) . ? , '' , -- .. , '' . .. : ' , ... , , -- , -- ...?' (. : , 1999, . 915). .. ' ', .. -- ' ', .. -- '' '', ''. , (1995). ' ' . -- , 1799 . . () . 196 . .. (. ) V (203--181 . ..). -- (), ( ) . '', . 1822 . . , ' ' , .. ' '. , ' ' 2 ( )
2 , . (1832--1920) . (1867--1927), , (, ), -- . -- ' '. ' ' .

33


(, , ). ' ', , . , , , ' ' ('', ' ', ''). .. XV (, 1932 .): ' , , , , ' (, 1951, . 435). 2.4.3. : . , , -- . , . '' (. isos -- , meros -- ) . -- , , . , 1830 ., .. (1828--1886). , -- . -- (.. , .. ) -- . , (, 2003; , 2005 , ; , , 2003, 2005). . , . , ,
34


, , 10-11. -- , ( ) . , ( ) -- . , , , . , , ( 10-7). , ( ) , . ( ) . , , ( ) , . '' , , . , '', . , , -- . , , (, '', , , ). 2.4.4. . , , -- , , , . -- ( )
35


. , (, ), -- ' ' , (, ' ' . ). (1906--1978). (1952) . ' Principia Mathematica ' (1931) , (, , 1970). . ( ' '3). , . . , . ' ' . , (), (, ' '), . () ( ) ' ' ''. , , () ( ). . ( ): , , ? .. .
3 -- 23 , II (, 1900 .). , , , , ., . 16 .

36


'Principia Mathematica' (1910--1913), . , . (, 2003; , , 1970; , 1982). , , . . 4 , .. , '' (= ). , () , . , ' ' , , . , . . (' '), . (, , ), . , . , 5, , , , (= ). , , (, , ) . , . , . , . . 1787 .
4 , , , , (.. ). 5 () , .

37


, ' -- ' (. : , , 1970, . 56). , , ? , . () , ( ) ? , . .. (1874--1917) .. (1857--1927). , , . , , , '' , . , ' '.

3. . XXI . ''
, , , , ( ) . , . , . , (, , , ..) . -- XXXIV ( , 2001 .) '' ( . synthesis -- ), '
38


' ( . symposion -- ). , , , : , . ' ', . , , . , , ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', , ( , ) (, 1984). , , , , . , , : () -- ? , .. ' . ' (1927) (, 1982). , , . , . , , . '' , , -- ' '. . , () -- , , , .
39


. ( ) . , , . , . . (2001), -- (). , ? , . , . , , . , , , , ' ', (, , , ). ' , '. . , .. , . , '' . ' , , . ' (, [ ]).
.. // XXI / . .. . ., 2003. .. // . . 1997. . 47. 2. .. . ., 1968. .. . .: , 2004.

40


.. // / . .. . ., 1994. : / . .. , .. . .: , 2007 ( ). . . ., 2001. . . ., 2007. .. . // .. . .: 6 . . 1. ., 1982. .., . ( ). ., 1991. . . ., 2003. .. ? ( ) // . . 1995. 5--6. .. , . ., 2003. .. . ., 1971. .. : // / . .. . ., 1994. .. . ., 2006. .., .. . ., 1998. .. : 2006--2007 . . http://www.chem.msu.su/rus/teaching/general/lection1.html. .., .., .. . ., 1989. .. . ., 1984. ., ., . . ., 2001. .., .. . ., 2000. . . .; , 2003. .. // . 1930. . 3. . 3. .. . .; ., 1933. .. . ., 2006. ., .. . ., 1970. .. : 6 . (8 .) . 3. . 2. .; ., 1951. ., . . Homo sapiens. .; ., 2003. . . , . ., 2005 . . . . .; , 2005 . ., ., ., . , . ., 2004. ., . . . . . ., 2003. ., . . . ., 2005. . . . ., 1995. .. // . . 1999. . 49. 6. .. // . . 2002. 1--2. C .. . . ., 2003. C .. . .: , 2007 ( ). .., .. , // . . 2003. . 53. 4.

41


.., .. // III , .. . , 2007. .. . ., 1982. . . , . ., 2001. . . . ., 2005. . . ., 1981. .. : . . ... . . . .: , 1999. .. : Helix lucorum L. // . . 2005. 4--5. .., .., .., .. Helix lucorum L.: // . . 2007. . 57. 1. .., .. , // . . 2004. 2--3. .., .. // . . . . 14. . 2001. 1. .., .. // / . .. . ., 2006. . ? . 3 . ., 2002. . . ., 2005. ., . . ., 1981. Axmacher N. et al. Increased working memory demands recruit mediotemporal networks: a combined intracranial EEG and fMRI study // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Basar E., Guntekin B. The key role of alpha activity in 'creative evolution' // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Begleiter H., Porjesz B. The genetics of brain oscillations // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Casarotto S. et al. Physiological reading processes by integrating ERP and fMRI data // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Chernorizov A.M. Vector encoding of light intensity in neuronal nets of snail eye // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Danilova N.N. Frequency specific analysis of gamma oscillations // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Demiralp T. et al. The interaction of theta and gamma oscillations in human cognition // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Desimone R. Neural synchrony and selective attention // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Farwell L.A., Donchin E. The truth will out: interrogative polygraphy ('lie detection') with event related brain potentials // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 1991. Vol. 28. 5. Ganis G., Kosslyn S.M . fMRI studies of different types of deception // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Guntekin B., Basar E. Alpha and theta oscillations in recognition of facial expressions / / Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Kandel E.R. A new intellectual framework for psychiatry // Amer. J. of Psychiatry. 1998. Vol. 155.

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Krylov A.K., Alexandrov Yu.I. Modeling of a reflex based agent situated in an environment reveals the limits of the stimuli presentation paradigm // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Magistretti P. Neuron glia metabolic coupling and plasticity // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Mangina C.A., Beuzeron Mangina J.H. Memory workload paradigm, event related brain potentials, bilateral electrodermal activity and Mangina test in 'pure' learning disabilities as compared to comorbid pathologies with ADHD and age matched normal controls // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Mangina C.A., Sokolov E.N. Neuronal plasticity in memory and learning abilities: Theoretical position and selective review // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Mesulam M. Large scale network organization of spatial awareness // Int. J. Psycho physiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Neuper C. et al. ERD/ERS during cognitive task performance: its reliability and sensitivity to individual abilities // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Rosenfeld J.P. The complex trial (CT) protocol: a new protocol for deception detection // Int. J. Psychophysiology. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Rosenfeld J.P., Nasman V.T., Whalen R., Cantwell B., Mazzeri L. Late vertex positivity as a guilty knowledge indicator: A new method of lie detection // Int. J. Neurosci. 1987. Vol. 34. 1--2. Rosenfeld J.P., Soskins M., Bosh G., Ryan A. Simple, effective countermeasures to P300 based tests of detection of concealed information // J. Psychophysiol. 2004. Vol. 41. 2. Segal M . Anatomical basis of memory: lessons from cultured neurons // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Sokolov E.N. Research strategy in psychophysiology: human, model, neuron // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Solms M. Brain mechanisms of dream // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Stern J.A. Affect, cognition and pupil // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Struber D. et al. In search for a possible role of the alpha band in multistable visual perception // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Tass P. Model based development of desynchronizing brain stimulation techniques // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Tecce J.J. A two factor model of blink frequency: hedonic arousal and attention // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Vaitkevichus H. et al. Vector encoding of independent stimulus features (orientation and movement direction) in the visual system of cats // Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2006. Vol. 61. 3. Vendemia J.M.C. Neural mechanisms of deception and response congruity to general knowledge information and autobiographical information in visual two stimulus paradigms with motor response // Report No. DoDPI99 P 0010. Washington, DC: Department of Defense Polygraph Institute, 2003. 31.08.07


. . . . 14. . 2007. 3


. . , . . , . . :
, . : , ( , , ). : , , , - . : , , , .

1 : 28--45%, , (Principles.., 2005). 1.5--3% 25--29% . : 10 , ' , ' ( 10.., 2003; . -- .). , , . (Principles.., 2005) ,
1 '' , '' (.., 2005), , .

44


: , . , '' ( , ). , , (' 8 ', ' , ') . , A. Harvey (. 1), -- , : . ' ' .
Тревога, связанная со стрессом Физиологическое возбуждение Острая инсомния Тревога, связанная со сном Избирательное внимание и самомониторинг Выявление факторов, угрожающих сну Физиологическое возбуждение Хроническая инсомния Дневные последствия инсомнии

Избирательное внимание Выявление дневных последствий инсомнии

Развитие самоограничител ьного повдения

. 1. ( A. Harvey -- Principles.., 2005, . 718)

45


'' . -- , -- , (, 1991). , , (, , 2005) . -- , . , , , . , , (, 2003). . 10--15% ( ) ' ', , . , '' -- , , . : 1) , '' , 2) , .

,
(Bastein, Vallieres, Morin, 2004) : . . . . . 1. (, 1991; Sifneos, 1973) -- . , , ' ',
46


'' . ' '. 2. ( ), . , , . , , , . , , , ' '. , '', . 3. () , (, , 2005; Barsky, Klerman, 1983), , . ( ), ' '. 4. , , (, , 2002; , , , 2001) ' ' , -- ' ' .


1. . , ( 7-- 8 ), . , , (, 2003). '' -- . , , , , ' '. , , , , . , 2
2 , .

47


(Chambers, Alexander, 1993; Fichten et al., 1995; Levitt et al., 2004; Varkevisser, Kerkhof, 2005). (Taylor, Lichstein, Durrence, 2003), , . ( ), . 2. . , , , (, ). , , . , ' ', . 3. . , , ( , 1987; , , 1995), , , (, 2002). '' , '': , . , : , ( ) . -- . J. Parambil (2006), , () ( ). , 2003--2004 . . , . (Ishigooka et al., 1999; Linton, 2004; Tachibana et al., 1998). , , , 10.2--35.4%, -- 25--26%. 26.2% , -- 12.8%.
48


2.2--14.3% (Linton, 2004). 22.1--27.7%, 11.7% 1 (Ishigooka et al., 1999; Tachibana et al., 1998). , : . (Allaert, Urbinelli, 2004). , 18--35 , , , , , . , ( 3 31% 28% ), -- (1--6 42.4% ). , , (49.7% 65.7-- 69.9% , ), , , (, , ). , , , . , , , , , . , , . , -- . , E. Collier (2003) , , , , ( ), , , , , ..


, , , , -- . '', , , , (, 2001), (Skinner, Edge, 2002). , ,
49


, , , -- , . ( , , ' ' ) , . , . , ( , , , ). : '' -- , (, ). M. Muraven (2005): () . , , , , '' (Harvey, Espie, 2004; Nelson, Harvey, 2003), 3, . . A. Jorm (2004), , 5 : (, , , ), (, ..), , . , ( ) . . A. Jorm : ( ), . . 2. , ' ' , , .
3 . (, 2003; , 1997).

50


A. Jorm , , .. . -- , -- . 1. . , , : , -- ( : ', '). ( ) . (', '). , . 2. . : ' ', , . '' ( , , ..). , , . ' ' .

. 2. : .
-- , -- , -- (Jorm et al., 2004, p. 298)

51


K. Morgan (2003), , (, , ) , 4--8 . 3. . . , , ' ', , , , . , . ( , , , ..), , ( ..). ( ) , . -- , ( ' '), '' , . : , ( ), , , . ( ) : ' ' , , , , ' ' . 4. . -- . . , , , , , . ( , 4 ..) ( , , ). , , , ( , ' ').
, , -- '' ( ).
4

52


, : ; . , , , . , ( , ), ( , ). , . . . . , '' . , , ' ' . (. 3), ( ), ( , 1987; , , 1995). , . , ( ) , . , , : , ( , .. .. ). . 1. . : () -- , ; ()
53


Алекситимия, тру дности выражения эмоций

54
Тревога, связанная со стрессом Частичные нарушения сна или острая инсомния Восстановление сна Внимание ко сну Активные изменения в жизни Отношение к здоровью и болезни, ко сну и бессоннице Тревога, связанная со сном (и его последствиями) 'Гибкая' саморегуляция 'Ригидная' саморегуляция Пассивность, выученная беспомощность, смирение 'Пристрастие' к медикаментам Страх последствий (плохого самочувствия, болезни, сумасшествия) Страх заболеть Страх не уснуть Самоограничительное поведение Ипохондрические черты, жалоб ы на новые симптомы Ритуал, знание об особенностях болезни, приберегание таб летки 'про запас'

Личностные особенности: алекситимия, трудности выражения некоторых переживаний, ипохондрические черты личности, перфекционизм

Принятые в культуре представления о сне и бессоннице: о гигиене сна, о последствиях бессонницы и возможностях контроля сна

Вторичная выгода (по ипохондрическому или истерическому типу)

. 3.


, ; () ( , , , , ). 2. , . ( , , ), , '' (, , ). 3. , , . . , . ( , , , ) ( ) . 4. . , '' . , , , .
., . . ., 2002. .. . . ., 2003. .., .., .. , // . . . 2001. 4. : / . .. . ., 2005. .., .. . ., 2005. 10: , . ., 1995. http://www.mkb10.ru/?class=5&bloc=69&diag=3257 .. : . . ... . . . ., 1991. .. : , . ., 2001. .. . . ., 1987. .. // / . .. . ., 1991. .., .. . ., 1995. .. . ., 2002. .., .. : // . . 2005. . 26. 2. . . .; ., 2003.

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.. . ., 1997. ( '', . 1). Allaert F., Urbinelli R. Sociodemografic profile of insomniac patients across National Survey // CNS Drugs. 2004. Vol. 18. Barsky A.J., Klerman G.L. Overview: hypochondriasis, bodily complaints, and somatic styles // Am. J. Psychiatry. 1983. Vol. 140. Bastein C., Vallieres A., Morin C. Precipitating factors of insomnia // Behav. Sleep. Med. 2004. Vol. 2. Chambers M.J., Alexander S.D. The role of state trait anxiety in insomnia and daytime restedness // Behav. Med. 1993. Vol. 19. Collier E., Skitt G., Cutts H. A study on the experience of insomnia in a psychiatric inpatient population // J. of Psychiat. and Mental Health Nursing. 2003. Vol. 10. Fichten C.S., Creti L., Amsel R., Brender W., Weinstein N., Libman E. Poor sleepers who do not complain insomnia: Myphs and realities about psychological and lifestyle characteristics of older good and poor sleepers // J. of Behav. Med. 1995. Vol. 18. Harvey K., Espie C. Development and preliminary validation of the Glasgow Content of Thoughts Inventory (GCTI): A new measure for the assessment of pre sleep cognitive activity // Brit. J. of Clin. Psychol. 2004. Vol. 43. Ishigooka J., Suzuki M., Isawa S., Muraoka H., Murasaki M., Okawa M. Epidemiological study on sleep habits and insomnia of new outpatients visiting General Hospitals in Japan // Psychiat. and Clin. Neurosci. 1999. Vol. 53. Jorm A.F., Griffiths K.M., Christensen H., Parslow R.A., Rogers B. Actions taken to cope with depression at different levels of severity: A community survey / Psychol. Med. 2004. Vol. 34. Levitt H., Wood A., Moul D.E., Hall M., Germain A., Kupfer D.J., Buysse D.J. A pilot study of subjective daytime alertness and mood in primary insomnia participants using ecological momentary assessment // Behav. Sleep Med. 2004. Vol. 2. 2. Linton S. Does work stress predict insomnia? A prospective study // Brit. J. of Health Psychol. 2004. Vol. 9. Morgan K. Daytime activity and risk factors for late life insomnia // J. Sleep Res. 2003. Vol. 12. Muraven M. Self focused attention and the self regulation of attention: Implications for personality and pathology // J. of Soc. and Clin. Psychol. 2005. Vol. 24. 3. Nelson J., Harvey A.G. An exploration of pre sleep cognitive activity in insomnia: Imagery and verbal thoughts // Brit. J. of Clin. Psychol. 2003. Vol. 42. Parambil J.G., Olson E.J., Shepard J.W., Harris C.D., Schniepp B.J., Schembari E.E., Morgenthaler T.I. Effects of shifting costs to patients on specialty evaluation for sleep disorders // Mayo Clinic Proc. 2006. Vol. 81. 2. Principles and practice of sleep medicine / Ed. by M. Kryger, T. Ross, W. Dement. Phila delphia, 2005. Skinner E., Edge K. Self determination, coping, and development // Handbook of Self Determination / Ed. by E. Deci, R. Rayan. N.Y., 2002. Sifneos P.E. The prevalence of alexithymie characteristics in psychosomatic patients // Psychother. Psychosom. 1973. Vol. 22. Tachibana H., Izumi T., Honda S., Takemoto T . The prevalence and pattern of insomnia in Japanese industrial workers: Relationship between psychosocial stress and type of insomnia // Psychiat. and Clin. Neurosci. 1998. Vol. 52. Taylor D.J., Lichstein K.L., Durrence H.H. Insomnia as a health risk factor // Behav. Sleep Med. 2003. Vol. 1. 4. Varkevisser M., Kerkhof G.A. Chronic insomnia and performance in a 24 h constant routine study // J. Sleep Res. 2005. Vol. 14. 01.03.07

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. . . . 14. . 2007. 3

. .
-- . , , , , .. , . : 1) ; 2) ; 3) 4) . : , , , , .

. : , , , , (, 1982; , 1986; , 1946). , , -- (, 1997; , 1959), (, 1983), (, 1968, 1977; , 1986). , , (, 1978; ., 2004; , 1962;
' 2007' (, , 2007 .).

57


, , , 1999; .., 1988). . . , , , . . -- , . , .


. , , . ( ), , , . ( , ) ( -- ), ( : , , ..). ( ) . 1. , .. , , , . , , .
58


2. , , , .. . , , , . ( ), . , : , , . , , , , () () , , / . , , . , .. , , , . , ( ) , . , , . . , 40 . ., , , (Skodak, Skeels, 1949). , , , 0.7. , , 1.5 : 107 ,
59


-- 86 ). , , -- . , , , . , ; , , . (, ), , . , . (, ) , . , . , , . : , .., -- ( , ) (, ). , . , , , , . . , . , , , . , . , , ; ,
60


; , , .. , .


1930 ., 70 . , . . (Fuller, Thompson, 1978) 530 . 80 . : , , , . , , , , , : 1) ( , ); 2) ( ); 3) ( ); 4) ( , ). . , , .. , . , , , , . . : , ( , ..) . , , .
61


, ( 3 6 ). , .. , , (Wilson, 1983). . , 3 6 , 0.87 0.65 ; 6 8 -- 0.81 0.61 ( ). , , , , . ( 6 16 ) . , , , , ( ., 2004). . , . : 1) , ( ) ; 2) . , , , , . , ( '' ). . , 2 30%, 7 -- 50%
62


. 50--70%, , , 70--85%. (, , ) ( ), (ardon, 1994; Cherny, Cardon, 1994; Cherny, Fulker, Hewitt, 1997; McGue et al., 1993; Pedersen, 1996; Plomin, DeFries, 1985; Plomin, DeFries, Fulker, 1988; Plomin, McClearn, 1996; Posthuma, de Geus, Boomsma, 2003). , . , , 18 0.80 . 1 15 0.50--0.80, , , (. 1) (Matheny, 1990). ( ., 2004), 6 16 (. 2). , (Benson et al., 1993; DiLalla et al., 1990; Emde et al., 1992), (Plomin, DeFries,
1 , , (: Matheny, 1990; Wilson, 1983)

Показатели фенотипической дисперсии h c
2 2

Возраст (мес.)

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9

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e2

. -- 72 146. h2, c2, e , .

63


2 , (: ., 2004, . 70)
По ка за тел и и н теллекта V IQ P IQ IQ 6 л ет c2 e 58 41 57 К ом п о н ен ты ф енотипи че ск ой диспер сии 7 л ет 10 ле т 13 ле т h2 c 2 e 2 h 2 c 2 e2 h 2 c 2 e2 16 84 34 71 - 56 13 16 10 44 80 62 39 - 23 17 20 15 20 60 30 58 04 47 22 36 23 16 ле т c2 e 55 33 55

h

2

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2

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Fulker, 1988), (Fischbein, 1979, 1981, 1986; Lange, Fischbein, 1992), , (Bishop et al., 2003; Drabkova, 1992; Fulker, Cherny, Cardon, 1993). , , , .. . . : , ; , ; . . : . , 1 0.25, 2 0.40, 3 0.45 4 0.50 (Plomin, DeFries, Fulker, 1988). , (..
64


) . , . . , 2 3 . . , , . , , , , , , , . , (Cherny, Cardon, 1994), , , , . , . , , 12 -- (Bishop et al., 2003). , 9 . 100%, , 1 2 70% , 2 3 -- 47, 3 4 -- 17, 4 7 -- 59, 7 9 -- 17%. , 1 9 , . 10 12 , , , . : 1 . , .
65


, , -- , , ( ., 2004). . , , . (, , ..) , . , . , , . , . , , . , . , , . , / , , / . , , . , .
66


, , , , , : 1) ; 2) ; 3) . , ( ) -- , -- ( ). , ( ) , , . , , .
.. . ., 1968. .. . ., 1977. .. // / . .. , .. . ., 1978. .. , // : / . .. . ., 1997. .. // .. . .: 6 . . 2. ., 1982. .., .., .., .., .. . . . ., 2004. .. : 2 . . 1. ., 1986. .. : 2 . ., 1983. .. ( ) // . . 1962. 3. .. . ., 1986. .., .., .. . ., 1999. / . .. . ., 1988. .. . 2 . ., 1946. .. . ., 1959. Benson J.B., Cherny S.S., Haith M.M., Fulker D.W. Rapid assessment of infant predictors of adult IQ: Midtwin midparent analysis // Develop. Psychol. 1993. Vol. 29. Bishop E.G., Cherny S.S., Corley R., Plomin R., DeFries J.C., Hewitt J.K. Development genetic analysis of general cognitive ability from 1 to 12 years in a sample of adoptees, biological siblings and twins // Intelligence. 2003. Vol. 31. 1.

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Cardon L.R. Specific cognitive ability // Nature and nurture during middle childhood / Ed. by J.C. DeFries, R. Plomin, D.W. Fulker. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, USA, 1994. Cherny S.S., Cardon L.R. General cognitive ability // Nature and nurture during middle childhood / Ed. by J.C. DeFries, R. Plomin, D.W. Fulker. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, USA, 1994. Cherny S.S., Fulker D.W., Hewitt J.K. Cognitive development from infancy to middle childhood // Intelligence, Heredity and Environment / Ed. by R.J. Sternberg, E. Grigorenko. Cambridge, USA, 1997. DiLalla L.F., Thompson L.A., Plomin R., Philips K., Fagan J.F., Haith M.N., Cyphers L.H., Fulker D.W. Infant predictors of preschool and adult IQ // Develop. Psychol. 1990. Vol. 26. Drabkova H. Twin study of intelligence // 8th International Congress of Human Genetics. Washington, DC, September, 1992. Emde R., Campos J., Corley R., DeFries D.W., Fulker D., Kagan J., Plomin R., Reznick J.S., Robinson J., Zahn Waxler C. Temperament, emotion and cognition at 14 months: MacArtur longitudinal Twin Study // Child Development. 1992. Vol. 63. Fischbein S. Heredity environment influences on growth and development during adolescence. Stockholm, 1979. Fischbein S. Heredity and environmental influences on growth and development during adolescences // Progress in clinical and biological research: Twin research 3 / Ed. by L. Gedda, P. Parisi, W. Nance. N.Y., 1981. Fischbein S. Person environment interaction in educational settings. Stockholm, 1986. Fulker D., Cherny S., Cardon L.R. Continuity and change in cognitive development // Nature, nurture and psychology / Ed. by R. Plomin, G. McClearn. Washington, DC, 1993. Fuller J.L., Thompson W.R. Foundations of behavior genetics. Saint Louis, 1978. Lange A.L., Fischbein S. From puberty to mid life: a follow up study of twins and controls // Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae. 1992. Vol. 41. Matheny A.P. A longitudinal twin study of stability of components from Bayleys Infant Behavior Record // Child Development. 1983. Vol. 54. Matheny A.P. Developmental behavior genetics: Contributions from the Louisville Twin Study // Developmental behavior genetics: Neural, biometrical, and evolutionary approaches / Ed. by M.E. Hahn, J.K. Hewitt, N.D. Henderson, R.H. Benno. Oxford, UK, 1990. McGue M., Bouchard T.J., Iacono W.G., Lykken D.T. Behavioral genetics of cognitive ability // Nature, nurture and psychology / Ed. by R. Plomin, G.E. McClearn. Washington, DC, 1993. Pedersen N.L. Gerontological behavioral genetics // Handbook of psychology of aging / Ed. by J.E. Birren, K.W. Shaie. San Diego, 1996. Plomin R., DeFries J.C. Origins of individual differences in infancy: Colorado Adoption Project. Orlando, FL, 1985. Plomin R., DeFries J.C., Fulker D.W. Nature and nurture in infancy and early childhood. Cambridge, UK, 1988. Plomin R., McClearn G.E. Human behavioral genetics of aging // Handbook of psychology of aging / Ed. by J.E. Birren, K.W. Schaie. San Diego, 1996. Posthuma D., de Geus E.J., Boomsma D.I. Genetic contributions to anayomical, behavioral and Neurophysiological indexes of cognition // Behavior genetics in the postgenomic era / Ed. by R. Plomin, J.W. DeFries, I.W. Craig, P. McGuffin. Washington, DC, 2003. Skodak M., Skeels H.M. A final follow up study of one hundred adopted children // J. of Genetic Psychol. 1949.Vol. 75. Wilson R. The Louisville Twin Study: Developmental synchronies in behavior // Child Development. 1983. Vol. 54.

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. . . . 14. . 2007. 3

. .
, . .. . . . . ' ', ' ' ' ' , . : , , , , , , .

, , , , . , , ,
' 2007' (, , 2007 .).

69


(, 2000; , 2001; , 2003; Drenth et al., 1998). : , , , , . ' ' -- , , , (, 2000; .., 2007; , 2003; .., 1995; Theories.., 2000). -- , , ' ' ( , 2001; , , 1987; , , 2001; , 2001). , (, ), , . , : (, , 1987; , 2007; Error prevention.., 2001; Quick et al., 1997). , , ' --' , , , ..1 ' ' , . , (, 2001; , 2000; Warr, 1994). , (, 2004; Leonova, 2003; Quick et al., 1997; Theories.., 2000).
1 . 1970--80 . (, , 2001; , 2001).

70


'' ( ' '), ( ), (, 1981; , 2000; Leonova, 1998; Warr, 1994). , . -- , (, 2003; , , 2006; .., 1995). '' , , : ћ ( ) ; ћ , , ; ћ , ; ћ , '' . , 1992 ., . .. , . ' : , , , ' (1992--1997 .), ' ' (1998--2006 .), ' ' ( 2007 .), (, , INTAS, NWO, Copernik .). , (. : , 1988, 2004, 2007; , , 2007). -- , , --
71


CТРЕСС как форма успешной/неуспешной адаптации профессионалов к динамичной трудовой среде

Работник Профессиональная группа Организация

Анализ причин и негативных последствий стресса (по критериям надежности и здоровья профессионалов)

Диагностика синдромов стресса, специфичных для разных видов труда/ профессиональных ситуаций

Выбор средств психологической поддержки и оптимизации деятельности профессионалов

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИ И

, . ..

. , '' , , . , , , , . ( , , 2007). ' ' , , , , ' ' ' '. '' ( . techne -- , , ) , , (Drenth et al., 1998; Error prevention.., 2001). (, 2000; .., 2007; Quick et al., 1997).
72


, , . -- (, 2000; Leonova, 1998). , .

I.
-- , , . (, 2006, 2007). ' ' (, , 1987; , 1988; , , 2001). . : 1) / ( ); 2) / , ( ); 3) ( ). , ' ' (
73


.., 2007; , , 2006), (, 2004; , , 2006; Leonova, 1998). , , , . , (, '' , , , .).

II.
, , . , , , , , , '' . , ( ) , ( ., 2006; .., 2007; , , 2001; Error prevention.., 2001). . , 20 , . : ' ', ' ' ( JSS .. ), ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ,
74


( .. STAI STDI) (, , 2007; , , 2002; , , 2004; , , 2006). , ( ., 2006; , 2006; , 2006). . ' ' , (, 2007; Leonova, 1998). , , : () ''; () ' ' () . , , . (, , 2007; , 1988; , , 2006; Leonova, 2003, 2007). , (.., 2007).

III.
. , , '' .
75


. , , , , , , , , call , .2 . , , . , , ( ), , ( ., 2006; , , 2006; , , 2006; , 2006 .). , , , . , .

IV.
, -- , . , : 1) ( );
. 9 20 .
2

76


2) , ( ); 3) , -- , ( ). , , ( ) (, 2000; .., 2007; , , 2007; Quick et al., 1997). , , . . ' ' (), (, 2004; , , 2006; .., 2007). , ' ' . '' , , , , . (, , 2007; Quick et al., 1997). , 'on line', . -- , , , , .
77


, . , ' ' , , (, , 2006; Leonova, 2003, 2007). ' ' (), , (, 2001; , , 2007). . , . , ' -- ' . (, 1981; , 2000; Leonova, 1998). , ( , , 2007; Error prevention.., 2001). , , . ' ', , . . . , , , ( , , 2007), '' ( 900 .). , .
78


( ) , . , , (, 2004; , , 2007). 1980 . (, 1988). . , , , . , ( , , . -- .: , , 2007). , , , . , , , , , , . , , ( , , 2007; Error prevention.., 2001). , , . , ' '
79


( ., 2006; Error prevention.., 2001); ( .., 2007); (, 1981; , , 2007). . , , , , , '' . -- , , -- , . ' ' , , , .

.. . ., 2000. .., .., .., .. ? // . 2006. 2. .. . ., 2001. : / . .. . ., 2007 ( ). .., .. '-- ' // . . . . 14. . 2007. 2. .., .. . ., 1987. .. . ., 2003. . . ., 1981. .. : // / . .. . . 5. , 2004. .. : . ... . . . ., 1988. .. // . . . . 14. . 2000. 3.

80


.. : // . . 2004. . 25. 2. .. // : , , / . .. . ., 2006. .. // . . . . 14. . 2007. 1. .., .. // / . .. . . 4. , 2002. .., .. // / . .. . ., 2004. .., .. // / . .. . . 6. , 2006. .., .. . ., 2007. .., .. // . . 2006. . 27. 2. . . ., 2007. .., .. : , . ., 2001. : . // . .. , .. . ., 1995. .. . ., 2001. .. ( ): . ... . . . ., 2006. Drenth P., Thierry T., Willems P.J., de Wolff C.J. Handbook of work and organizational psychology. 2nd ed. Hove, UK, 1998. Error prevention and well being at work in Western Europe and Russia: psychological traditions and new trends / Ed. by V. De Keyser, A.B. Leonova. Dordrecht, 2001. Leonova A.B. Basic issues in occupation stress research // Advances in psychological science. Vol. 1 / Ed. by J.G. Adair, D. Belanger, K.L. Dion. Hove, UK, 1998. Leonova A.B. Functional status and regulatory processes in stress management // Operator functional state: the assessment and prediction of human performance degradation in complex tasks / Ed. by G.R.J. Hockey, A.W.K. Gaillard, O. Burov. Amsterdam, 2003. Leonova A.B. Towards a strategic stress management at workplace: Stress in medical doctors' professions // Psychological resources in Health Care System / Ed. by P. Richter, H.M. Peiro, W.B. Shaufeli. Mьnchen, 2007. Quick J.C., Quick J.D., Nelson D.L., Hurrel J.J. Preventive stress management in organizations. Washington, DC, 1997. Theories of organizational stress / d. by C.L. Cooper. N.Y., 2000. Warr P. A conceptual framework for the study of work and mental health // Work and Stress. 1994. Vol. 8.

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. . . . 14. . 2007. 3

. . , . . , . . , . .
. . , . , . , (). , 177 . .. , : 1. -- , . 2. ' ' ' ', , . 3. , . : , , () , .

, . , ( , , ); ( ), , (), ( . ), ( . ) . , , . , ,
07 06 00 101. ' 2007' (, , 2007 .).

82


, . , , , ' ', ' ', ' ' ( ' '). (. , . ) , , , . , . ' ' , , , , , , (.: ., 2002). .. , , -- : ' -- , , .' (. : , , 2004, . 3). , . , , , . (Dwek, 1999) ( ), , / / . , . , . , ? , : 1) , 2) 3) ( ). , . (, 1982).
83


, . : ' '? , ? -- -- ? . : 1) ( ); 2) ; 3) , , . . .. ( 200 ). , 177 3 / 4 /.


() . () -- . ' ': , -- .. . , , -- . , , ' '. : , ( ), ( ). (), , , .. . , '', .
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. . , . , . 9 , 6 , 2 -- 1 -- . , , . , ( ). , ( . -- .: , 1997) , ( '' ' ' -- .: , 2003). . , (, 2005, 2007). , .


1. ' () ', , ; F . 2. , , ; () . ( ) ( ). () ( = 0001). 3. ( ) . , , .
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: , ( ). 4. , IQ . , , , . , , . 5. . ( ) : (1) (2) ( ), (3) ( . ). . : . , , , . . , ; , . , ' '. ( , ), . 6. . , , . , , . , , IQ. , ,
86


, '' () ''1 ' '. . , ( ) , ( ), , , , .


1. , , . . 2. ' ' ' ' , , , , . 3. , ' ' ( . ), , , .

. : 2 . ., 1982. .. . ., 1997. .. . ., 2003. .., .. // : , , / . .. , .. . ., 2004. . . . // . . . 2005. . 78. .. : . ., 2007. ., .., ., . . ., 2002. Dwek C.S. Self theories: Their role in motivation, personality and development. Philadelphia, 1999.

, ( , , ..).

1

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. . . . 14. . 2007. 3

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, , . , () . , . -- . , , . : , , , .

() . , () 2005 ., , . 2004 . 10 3 (, , 2004). , (, , 2002). , . (, 1988).
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. , , ( ) , : 1) , , ; 2) , . (, 1982; , 1986; , 1997; , 1975; , 1974; , 1973; , 1985), : (, 2007), , , . . 70 ' ' ( , -- 24.15 , -- 2.9 ), 2005--2006 . ( 10: F11.3) . , , , 10: , , (F00--F09); , (F20--F29); (F70--F79), . , . , . 75% , 36% ; 30% . 100 ( -- 24 ), , , , -- . .
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, : 1) . . ( (), 1996); 2) (, 2000); 3) () (.., 2001); 4) ' ' (, , , 2001). Statistica for Windows (version 6.0, StatSoft Inc., 2005).


I. , , , . (Guilford, 1967), , , , , . . (O'Sullivan, Guilford, 1977) .. () (1996). 1 -- ' ' -- , .. , , . ( ) -- 2.1 , -- 3.2. ( --, p<0.05). , , . ( ), , , , . . 2 -- ' ' -- . 3 -- ' ' -- , .. . , , -- 2.0 3.3 . ( --, p<0.05). ,
90


, , . . 4 -- ' ' -- , . : -- 2.9 , -- 3.1. ( --, p<0.05). , , , , (, , .). 4 . , , , , , , , , , . , . . , , . -- 2.5 , , , . -- 4.15 . ( --, p<0.05). , , , , , , . , . II. , , ' ', . . (Mehrabian, Epstein, 1972). ,
91


, . , . -- 54.65 , . -- 23.54 , . ( --, p<0.05). , , , , . (, , , 2001). , , . , ( , , ). , , , , ( ) . , . , . ' , ' ( : , 2006, . 80). , , , , , -- , '' , , . , , .. , ; , , ; ; , .. , . III. ' ', Mach IV (Geis, 1978), .. (2000), , . ''
92


, , , , . . (1999, . 273): ' -- , , (.. ) '. . Mach IV, . , , , . , Mach IV : 71.43%, -- 30%. ( --, p<0.05). : . , , , , . , , , , , . IV. ' ' (.., 2001) , (' ') , (' ') ( --, p<0.05). , ( -- 60.76, -- 64.57). , , , , .


, () . ( ) , .
93


, , , . , , , . , , , , , , . . , , ( ). , , . , , . .. . 14 17 . . , , , , .

.. : // . . 2006. 3. .., .. . ., 2002. .. . .: 6 . . 2. ., 1982. .. . ., 1986. .. , // 8 ' 21 ; ' (, , 14--17 2007 .).

94


.. . . ., 1997. .. . : // . . ., 1999. .. : // . . 2000. . 21. 5. .., .., .. . . . . . ., 2001. .. . . . ., 1975. .. . ., 1974. () .. : . ., 1996. .. . , 1988. .., .. ' ' // . . 2004 . 1. .. . ., 1973. .. : 2 . ., 1985. // : 2 . / . .. . . 2. ., 2001. . . ., 1999. Geis F.L. Machiavellianism // Dimensions of personality. N.Y., 1978. Guilford J.P. The nature of human intelligence. N.Y., 1967. Mehrabian A., Epstein N. A measure of emotional empathy // J. of Personality. 1972. Vol. 40. O'Sullivan M., Guilford J.P. Les tests d'intelligence sociale // Editions du Centre de psychologie appliquee. Paris, 1977. 30.11.07


. . . . 14. . 2007. 3

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, -- . 'Psychologies'. , ' ', , , , , , . -- -- . , , ' ', , . , .. : ' -- -- : , , '. , . , -- -- , , , , , , . , , , , . , , ' ' , : 2007 . -- ' '. , , . , -- . , ' ' (). , , , , . , , . , , , . . , .. , ' ', ' ', .
97


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98


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100


, , , , , . : , , . . , . , 2003--2004 . 27 341 , 277 . ' ', (2002, 2006) 57 . 2004 . . : ' ' (2005, -- 2007), '' (2006), '' (2006), ' ' (2007) 98 . ' ', .. ' ' (1940, 1946). , , , . , ( ), , ( '') , ( ) . , -- , , , ( , .. ), -- , . , ( ) , -- . , , , . , , .. .. . . , -- .

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, , : , . , () . ( ) -- , .. ( ) , '' , . , . , , . , ,
' 2007' (, , 2007 .).

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103


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1 : .. . 14 (., 2003); .. (., 1970); . . . / . .. (., 2005); : . / . .. , .. (., 2001). , ( ) .

105


(1809--1852) ' ' , ' '. , , . ' ' .. ' '. , ( ). .. (1894--1977). , , . ? 15 . . , , , , . ( ), , , , , . , . , , . 1917 . , 1921 . 27 . .. . . ( ) . 2. ( ' ') . 6 ' ', ' ' 1985--1988 . . , ' -- ' . 74--76 , , , , . . : ' , , , ... '.
2 .: .. / . . .. . ., 1978.

106


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3 '' ( ) (. kata -- , strophe -- ). , , .

107


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109


, , , . : . , , , . , , , , , , , , . . ! , , : . '' , 10--15 . , , . , , .. . , , (Animal.., 2003; The cognitive.., 2002). , , , . '' , , , , '' , , . , , . (, , 2001; , 2001; , 2005). . , . . , , , , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , , . ,
110


: , , . , : , , , , , . , , . , , . , , , . , , '' , , , , '' ( ). , . , , , , . . , , , . , , . , , -- . , , , , , , . , ( ), . ' ' . , , , .
111


, , , . , , ( !) . , 10--15 . , , , . -- , .. (Animal.., 2003; The cognitive.., 2002). . , , . , (, , , ) . ( ), , , , , 4--6 . , , , : . , , , , , .
.., .. . . ., 2001. .. . , 2001. .. . ., 2005. Animal social complexity: Intelligence, culture, and individualized societies / Ed. by F.B.M. de Waal, P.L. Tyack. Cambridge, MA, 2003. The cognitive animal: Empirical and theoretical perspectives on animal cognition / Ed. by M. Bekoff, C. Allen, G.M. Burghardt. Cambridge, MA, 2002.

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80
19 1927 . . , , . 12 . .. , . 1950 . 1962 . . .. .. . 1962 . , , . 12 .. . .. , . , , . . 1967 . .. ' ', 1972 . . .. .. , .. .. . , .. , . , . , . . .. ' ' (., 1985) , , .
113


. .. , , .. , . .. .. ' ', 2004 . 30 6 . , 44 , ( ). , . .. ' ', ' ' , , . 11 , . 1997 . .. ' '. 1970 . (1925--1993) -- , , -- , . , , . -- .. .. . , , , . , . 1990 . .. ,
114


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,


. . . . 14. . 2007. 3

75

27 1932 . , . .. , . 1971 . ' ', 1988 . -- ' '. .. 1968 ., 1992 -- . .. -- , . . .. , , , , . .. ' '. , . ( ), . . , . .. , 1999 . . .. -- , . 1997 . ' '. , .
116


.. -- 300 , ' ' (2002 .), ' ' (2005 .). 27 . . .. , , , . 2003 . ' ', 2007 . ' '. , .. -- : 1990 . -- , 1996 -- , 2007 -- . 15 , 2006 . ' ' . .. . : ' ' (1991), ' ' (1992), ' 850 ' (1997), ' . .. (1998), ' . .. ' (2005), ' ' (2005), ' . .. ' (2007). .. ' ' (2001). : (1981), ' ' (2001), ' ' (2003, 2007), ' ' (2007), '' (2007). . . 16 50 , , . ! , , .

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SUMMARIES
A. M. Chernorizov 'The problem field' of modern psychophysiology: from nanoneuronics to consciousness Some actual problems and new research approaches in modern psychophysiology are discussed. The materials of the last XIII World Congress of Psychophysiology (Istanbul, Turkey, August 28 -- September 2, 2006) are used as the basic issue. The analysis of concrete reports at the congress is accomplished by a common discussion concerning both psychophysiology itself and intricate relations between psychology and natural sciences as a whole. A. Sh. Tkhostov, Ya. I. Levin, Ye. I. Rasskazova Psychological model of neurotical insomnia: factors for chronification The psychological model of insomnia based on cognitive model of insomnia and cultural approach in psychosomatics is discussed in this article. There are emphasized perpetuating factors of insomnia and different kind of behavior as insomnia consequences. Social psychological factors triggering and increasing anxiety and attentions to sleep are supposed: personality and culturally specific beliefs about sleep and insomnia (beliefs about sleep hygiene, sleep control, attitude to insomnia in the society). Different patients' reactions to the insomnia -- psychological dependence on medicine, sleep 'ritual', self restrictive behavior, and active changes in life -- influence on the development and treatment outcomes in a different manner. M. S. Yegorova Development as the object of behavioral genetic studies Behavioral genetic studies of development address two problems: age changes of heritability and environmental influences, and contribution of genetic and environmental influences to developmental change. Experimental studies of the sources of individual differences combine longitudinal design and behavioral genetic methods, demanding participation in the study of genetically related individuals. The results of the studies allow to disentangle genetic and environmental influences on developmental trajectories, change, continuity and covariance of psychological features. A. B. Leonova Human reliability and stress management technologies in modern occupations The paper is devoted to consideration of the main research domains on the problems of human reliability and stress management that recently developed in the Laboratory of work psychology (Faculty of Psychology, Moscow State University). There are discussed a new paradigm for the structural analysis of worker's functional states and a hierarchical model of occupational stress elaborated in the framework of Leontiev's activity theory. The appropriate set of criteria and methods for evaluation of personnel mental health and efficiency of organizational interactions were produced as a basis for creating goal oriented stress management technologies, i.e. 'Personal diagnostic and prevention of stress', 'Assessment of the individual level of stress resistance', 'Self regulation training and restoration program'. They were carried out as the complex systems that provide a support in the work of psychologists in practice and demonstrate an efficient way of integrating the new conceptual approaches to the modern issues in the field of work, organizational and health psychology.

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S. D. Smirnov, T. V. Kornilova, S. A. Kornilov, S. I. Malakhova About the connection between intellectual abilities and personality traits of students and their academic success Intellectual abilities and personality traits of students were considered as predictors of academic success. R. Amthauer's intelligence structure test, A. Edwards' personal preferences questionnaire, C. Dweck's questionnaire modified version, LFR questionnaire and new method of group estimation of mind (GEM) were used. Results of this study of MSU students sample (N=177) allowed to conclude, that: 1. Group estimation of mind acts as significant prognostic variable of students' exam passing success. Psychometric intelligence variables concede to it. 2. 'Self esteem of mind' correlates with 'self esteem of academic success' and with academic progress, but doesn't act as it's significant predictor. 3. A set of motivation variables appears to predict effectiveness of learning better, than intellectual abilities. N. I. Zentsova Peculiarities of cognitive factors of psychosocial adaptation of heroin addicted people This research is about defining specific character of quantitative, structural and functional characteristics of psychological adaptation. As a result of it was found that it typical for opium (heroine) addicted patients not to understand the connection between behavior and consequences. This leads to making mistakes of psychosocial character and creating of conflict relations with people around. The reason for this is undeveloped social intellect of such patients. Moreover, the factor of psychosocial adaptation like empathy is lower in drug addicted patients. Communicate competence, presenting itself the sum of knowledge and skills about partners they communicate with and about the communicative process as a whole, is closely related to the factor mentioned above. B. S. Bratus General psychology against a background of modernity A comparison between image of psychology in contemporary public opinion and the actual state of affairs in psychological science is made. The discrepancy between rate of development of applied fields of psychology and its support from fundamental research are revealed. The meaning and significance of general psychology (and of works by members of General psychology department, in particular) in overcoming this discrepancy is shown. E. A. Klimov About nonlinearity of the professional development process The essence of a prejudice that determines the practice of so called specialized education at schools is that it is considered that a choice of professional specialization made during adolescence period guarantees further professional development in the defined direction. In fact, as we see in biographies of successful professionals, professional development is a nonlinear process, which specifically takes place in an effort to overcome situations of uncertainty, and is characterized as an intermittent ('start stop') process. N. N. Meshkova, E. Yu. Fedorovich Actual problems in zoopsychology and comparative psychology teaching The article considers problems in zoopsychology and comparative psychology teaching that Russian universities are facing nowadays. The teaching of this discipline by lacking special interdisciplinary qualifications lecturers often leads to misapprehension of the subject by students. The problem is also aggravated by growing opposition between two major paradigms in treatment of the human nature (socio cultural and biological approaches) and increased biologization tendencies in human behavior interpretations manifesting themselves in direct analogies with behavior models of animals belonging to various taxons.

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ї .. , 2008