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Arthropoda Selecta 10 (2): 151154

ї ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2001

Scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) collected in northern Iraq by Dr Hywel Roberts with a review of previous records Сколопендроморфные губоногие многоножки (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), собранные в северном Ираке д-ром Хайэлом Робертсом, с обзором предыдущих находок J. G. E. Lewis Дж.Г.И. Льюис
Somerset County Museum, Taunton Castle, Castle Green, Taunton, Somerset TA1 4AA Great Britain. Correspondence address: Manor Mill Farm, Halse, Taunton, Somerset TA4 3AQ Great Britain.

KEY WORDS: Centipedes, Scolopendromorpha, Iraq, taxonomy, zoogeography, diurnal activity. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: губоногие многоножки, Scolopendromorpha, Ирак, таксономия, зоогеография, суточная активность.

ABSTRACT: Five species of scolopendromorph centipedes are recorded from northern Iraq and previous record for the country reviewed. Specimens previously identified as Scolopendra morsitans L., 1758 by Chamberlin are either S. canidens Newport, 1844 or S. mirabilis (Porat, 1876): his records of S. morsitans from Iraq should be disregarded. Trachycormocephalus occidentalis iraquensis Turk is a junior synonym of S. mirabilis. РЕЗЮМЕ: В северном Ираке найдено 5 видов сколопендроморфных губоногих многоножек; дан обзор предыдущих находок. Экземпляры из Ирака, определенные ранее Чемберленом как Scolopendra morsitans L., 1758, являются S. canidens Newport, 1844 или S. mirabilis (Porat, 1876). Установлен новый синоним: Trachycormocephalus occidentalis iraquensis Turk, 1951 = S. mirabilis.

of Trachycormocephalus occidentalis iraquensis Turk, 1951 from the Natural History Museum, London. Errors in identification have been corrected and previous records incorporated. Localities are shown in Fig 1.

Systematics
FamilyScolopendridae Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829
Previous records: Tal Afar area, W. of Mosul [Chamberlin, 1944]. Cucklauva, Geli Alibek [Chamberlin, 1958].

Material examined: 1 spm, 89 mm. Kope Quara Dagh, 10.05.1971 HR. 2 spms, 94 and 107 mm, large black specimens crossing Arbil-Mosul road in numbers, 10.05.1971, HR. 2 spms, Cuklauva, Geli Alibek, 21 & 26.04.1958, C. Kosswig leg., R. V. Chamberlin det. et publ. 1958 (ZMH).

Introduction
Recent work on the centipedes of the Arabian Peninsula [Lewis, 1986b, 1989, 1996, Lewis and Gallagher, 1993, Lewis and Wranik, 1990], of Israel and Palestine [Negrea, 1997, Zapparoli, 1991] and of Iran [Zaparolli, 1986] have markedly increased knowledge of the distribution of scolopendromorph centipedes in the Middle East. Data are here presented based on a collection of scolopendromorph centipedes collected in northern Iraq in 1971 by Dr Hywel Roberts (HR), then a FAO forestry entomologist. The specimens will be deposited in the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). Material identified by Chamberlin [1958] and in the collection of the Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg (ZMH) has been re-examined as have the types

REMARKS: A circum-mediterranean species extending eastwards into Iran and Tadjikistan but not southwards into Saudi Arabia. Also recorded from Madagascar, the Andamans, Nicobars and the Malay Peninsula. Chamberlins identification for two specimens is confirmed as correct. Scolopendromorphs are not normally diurnally active so Roberts observation is very interesting. In a letter dated 18.02.1981 he wrote: the large black centipede was present at a density of one per meter of road length. All were crossing from North to South and the crossing time was about midmorning. There were certainly sufficient numbers of centipedes to make me think at the time that it was some kind of migration. I do not recall the same movement again and I must have been that road monthly during the 18 months I was there. The weather was dry and cool, not dry and hot.

Scolopendra canidens Newport, 1844
Previous records. 1 spm Kope Quara Dagh [Lewis, 1986a].


152 40њ 42њ

J. G. E. Lewis 44њ 46њ

36њ

34њ

32њ

30њ

Fig. 1. Map of Iraq showing localities for Scolopendromorpha. Рис. 1. Карта Ирака; показаны местонахождения Scolopendromorpha.

Material examined: 4 spms 5262 mm, Kope Quara Dagh, 10.05.1971, HR. 1 spm 58 mm, Sulaimanyia, 15.03.1971, HR. 7 spms, 2546 mm, Cuklauva, Geli Alibek or Geli ollibeg, 21 04.1958. 1 spm, 50 mm, Mosul-Agra, 18.04.1958. 2 spms, Hit-Haditha, 9 and 10.04.58, C. Kosswig leg., R. V. Chamberlin det et publ 1958 (labelled Scolopendra morsitans) (ZMH).

REMARKS: Scolopendra canidens occurs in the southern Mediterranean and the Balkans. It extends southwards into Saudi Arabia and Yemen and eastwards to Iran and Afghanistan, the eastern Caucasus to Tadjikistan.


Iraq scolopendromorphs Scolopendra mirabilis (Porat, 1876)
Cormocephalus mirabilis Porat, 1876 Trachycormocephalus mirabilis, Kraepelin, 1903 Trachycormocephalus occidentalis iraquensis Turk, 1951 Scolopendra mirabilis, Lewis, 1986a

153

Material examined: 1 spm, 50 mm, Penjwin 18.03.1971, HR. 1 spm, 57 mm, Sulaimanyia, 15.03.1971. 9 spms, 3354 mm, Zakho, 8.04.1971, HR. 4 spms, 43-48 mm, Cuklauva, Geli Alibek or Geli ollibeg, 21 04.1958, C. Kosswig leg., R. V. Chamberlin det et publ 1958. (Labelled S. morsitans) (ZMH). 2 spms, 35 and 45 mm, Habbaniya, 01.1944, coll. Sgt C V Adams. Turk Collection, Reg. no.BMNH 1984.10.1.99. (The types of Trachycormocephalus occidentalis iraquensis Turk 1951) (BMNH).

Previous records: Amara on Tigris [Brolemann, 1922]. Bagdad; Nasiriyah; [Chamberlin 1944]. Habbaniya, [Turk, 1951]. Zakho [Lewis, 1986a].

REMARKS: The specimens identified by Chamberlin [1958] as S. morsitans are S. mirabilis like wise Trachycormocephalus occidentalis iraquensis. This was described on the basis of a male and a female now in the Turk Collection at the Natural History Museum, London. Neither specimen has end legs attached but the tube contains one right end leg. Turks Figure 1 shows the terminal segments and the prefemora of the end legs with the prefemoral process pointing outwards instead of inwards. Presumably this was due to a misinterpretation of the correct orientation of the detached leg(s). When correctly orientated the leg shows the typical spine arrangement of S. mirabilis. Lewis & Gallagher [1993] described a condition in some specimens of S. mirabilis from Oman and the United Arab Emirates in which there are ramifying sutures on tergite 1. These are also present on specimens from Israel [Negrea, 1997]. These are either absent or very feebly developed in specimens from Iraq. The species is common in the Middle East extending into east and north-east Africa and eastwards into Turkmenistan, Tadjikistan and Uzbekistan and through Afghanistan to India. Also recorded from Vietnam.

buk; Mosul; Dyula R.) and one from Bohrain Id., Persian Gulf (presumably Bahrein) toS. morsitans. I have examined 13 of them, 11 from Cuklauva, Geli Alibek (also labelled Geli ollibeg) one from Mosul-Agra and one from Hit-Haditha. Four of the specimens from Cuklauva are S. mirabilis the remaining seven and the specimens from Mosul-Agra and Hit-Haditha are S. canidens. The records are incorporated above. It seems very unlikely that S. morsitansoccurs in Iraq and Chamberlins records for that country should be disregarded. Lewis [1985] gave a map which showed the distribution of five scolopendrids in north-east Africa, the eastern Mediterranean and the Arabian peninsula using Chamberlins data for Iraq and Bahrein. This map now proves to be erroneous. S. morsitans has not been reported from Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Iran or Saudi Arabia. In this large area there are only two records: from the coasts of Dhofar, Oman and Aden, Yemen [Lewis, 1996b]. Although a very widely distributed species (Attems [1930] describes its distribution as In all tropics and warm countries of the temporate zone) there are clearly large areas of the tropics and sub tropics from which it is absent.

A note on collection sites
The spellings given for collection sites in the text are those given on the Museum labels. The sites are shown in Figure 1 where the spellings given in The Times Atlas of the World, comprehensive edition 1980 are used. The following localities could not be located: Cuklauva, Geli Alibek or Ollibeg; Kurdi; Zawita and Zubuk. The Dyula River runs into the River Tigris below Baghdad.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. My thanks are due to Dr Gisela Rack and Dr H. Dastych of the Zoologisches Institut and Zoologisches Museum, Universitдt Hamburg for making R. V. Chamberlins material available to me and to Mr. Paul Hillyard and Mrs. Janet Beccaloni for providing facilities in the Arachnid Section at the Natural History Museum, London.

Scolopendra valida Lucas, 1840
Previous records: Jebel Hamrin, near Ruz, N.E. of Baghdad [Brolemann, 1922]. Tal Afar area W. of Mosul [Chamberlin, 1944]. Kope Quara Dagh [Lewis, 1986a]. REMARKS: The species is recorded from the Canaries and Cameroon, East and North-east Africa, the Arabian peninsula, Iran and into India.

Material examined: 2 spms 91 and 70 mm, Kope Quara Dagh, 10.05. 1971, HR

References
Attems G. 1930. Scolopendromorpha // Das Tierreich. Berlin and Leipzig: Walter der Gruyter. Lfg.54. viii+306 S. Brolemann H. W. 1922. Myriapods collected in Mesopotamia and in N. W. Persia by W. Edgar Evans, B.Sc., late Capt. R.A.M.C. // Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. Vol.42. P.5474. Chamberlin R. V. 1944. Chilopods in the collection of the Field Museum of Natural History // Publs. Field Mus.nat. Hist. (Zool. Ser.) Vol.28. P.175215, pl. 1317. Chamberlin R. V. 1958. On chilopods from Iraq // Ent. Mitt. Zool. Inst. Zool. Mus. Hamburg. Nr.18. P.1720. Kraepelin K. 1903. Revision der Scolopendriden // Mitt. Nat. Mus. Hamburg. Bd.20. P.1276. Lewis J. G. E. 1985. Possible species isolation mechanisms in some scolopendrid centipedes (Chilopoda; Scolopendridae) // Bijdr. Dierk. Vol.55. P.125130. Lewis J. G. E. 1986a. The genus Trachycormocephalus a junior synonym of Scolopendra with remarks on the validity of some genera of the tribe Scolopendrini (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) // J. nat. Hist., London. Vol.20. P.10831088.

Family Cryptopidae Cryptops sp.
Material examined: 1 spm 24 mm, Kope Quara Dagh, 10.05.1971, HR. The specimen is newly moulted and in poor condition: precluding specific determination.

Previous record: Amara [Brolemann, 1922].

Chamberlins records of Scolopendra morsitans L., 1758
Chamberlin [1958] referred 29 specimens from Iraq (Cuklauva, Geli Alibek: Mosul-Agra: Hit-Haditha; Zu-


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// Zoology in the Middle East. Vol.4. P.6170. Negrea S. 1997. On the Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda) of Israel and adjoining regions // Isr. J. Zool. Vol.43. P.279 294. Porat C. O., von 1876. Om nеgra exotiska Myriopoda // Bih. K. svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. Vol.4. P.148. Turk F. A. 1951. Myriapodological Notes -III, The iatro-zoology, biology and systematics of some tropical myriapods // Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. Series 12. Vol.4. P.3548. Zapparoli M. 1986. Contributo alla conscenza dei Chilopodi dell Iran (Chilopoda) // Fragm. Entomol. Roma. Vol.19 P.8393. Zapparoli M. 1991. Note su alcune specie di chilopodi della Regione Paestinese // Ibid. Vol.23. P.1533.

Lewis J. G. E. 1986b. Centipedes of Saudi Arabia // Fauna of Saudi Arabia. Vol. 8. P.2030. Lewis J. G. E. 1989. Centipedes from Oman // J. Oman Stud. Vol.10. P.8991 Lewis J. G. E. 1996. Further records of scolopendromorph and geophilomorph centipedes from the Arabian peninsula with a note by Dr. E. H. Eason on Lithobius erythrocephalus cronebergii Sseliwanoff // Fauna of Saudi Arabia. Vol.15. P.137156. Lewis J. G. E. and Gallagher M. D. 1993. Scolopendromorph and geophilomorph centipedes from Oman and the United Arab Emirates // Ibid. Vol.13. P.5562. Lewis J. G. E. and Wranik W., 1990. On the centipedes of Yemen