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Arthropoda Selecta 22(3): 265266

ї ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2013

Larinioides folium (Schrank, 1803) is a valid species name (Aranei: Araneidae) Larinioides folium (Schrank, 1803) валидное название (Aranei: Araneidae) K.G. Mikhailov К.Г. Михайлов
Zoological Museum MGU, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str. 6, Moscow 125009 Russia. E-mail: mikhailov2000@gmail.com Зоологический музей МГУ, ул. Большая Никитская, 6, Москва 125009 Россия.

KEY WORDS: spiders, Araneidae, Araneus, Larinioides, nomenclature. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: пауки, Araneidae, Araneus, Larinioides, номенклатура. ABSTRACT. The validity of the spider name Aranea folium Schrank, 1803, now Larinioides folium, is confirmed. Epeira suspicax O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 is considered a junior synonym of Larinioides folium. РЕЗЮМЕ. Подтверждена валидность видового названия паука Aranea folium Schrank, 1803, ныне Larinioides folium. Epeira suspicax O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 рассматривается как младший синоним Larinioides folium. Two orb-weaving spiders (Araneidae) currently known as Larinioides cornutus (Clerck, 1758) and L. folium (Schrank, 1803) / L. suspicax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876) have been confused for a long time, being regarded as a single species under the name Araneus cornutus. Its comprehensive synonymy list was provided by Bonnet [1955]. The description of Araneus cornutus given by Clerck [1757: 4041, Pl.1, Tab.2] was more or less adequate for the species identification. The description of Aranea folium given by Schrank [1803: 240] was very laconic, with no figures, like most of the spider descriptions at that time. The spider was described from the territory of Bavaria (modern Germany). Kulczyсski [1901] was the first author who provided a detailed distinction between Epeira folium and E. cornuta (p. 329330, Tab. XII, fig. 1014). By unknown reason, this diagnosis was overlooked by most arachnologists. For example, Wiehle [1931] referred to Aranea foliata Fourcroy, 1785 as to a synonym of A. cornutus; the Clerckian nomenclature was rejected at that time. In his comments, Wiehle mentioned the Mediterranean A. suspicax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876) as a separate species. Only Thaler [1974] restored the distinction between Araneus cornutus and A. folium. He also synonymized Araneus suspicax with A. folium. Levy [1998: 345] insisted on the long-term confusion between the names folium Schrank, 1803 and foliata Fourcroy, 1785. For example, according to Kulczyсski [1901], the latter name should have been ascribed to both cornutus and folium, because both species were found in France. Yet, to be precise, the same reasoning seems to be applicable to the name folium Schrank, 1803, because both species occur not only in France but also in Germany (see Helsdingen [2013]). Another reason to reject the name folium Schrank, 1803 is its homonymy with Aranea folium Preyssler, 1791 [Levy, 1998]. As a result, Levy [1998] proposed to use Larinioides suspicax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876) as a valid name. In my opinion, for the correct placement of original Aranea foliata Fourcroy, 1785 it seems to better follow the 20th-century arachnological literature and to treat this name as a synonym of Araneus cornutus. Yet, I see no reason to consider Aranea folium Schrank, 1803 in the sense of Kulczyсski [1901] and Thaler [1974]. The homonymy problem seems to have an unquestionable solution. Since 1791, the name Aranea folium Preyssler, 1791 had been cited only once, being simply listed in Index animalium [Sherborn, 1902]. By no means, this citation used it as a valid name. Therefore, the request of the Article 23.9.1.1 [ICZN] (viz., no use as valid name after 1899) is fulfilled in this case. To sum up, the junior homonym Aranea folium Schrenk, 1803 must be used as a valid name instead of its junior synonym Epeira suspicax O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876. Furthermore, it is likely that Larinioides folium and L. suspicax are two separate species (M.M. Kovblyuk, pers. comm.). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. I am deeply obliged to Dr A.V. Sysoev (Moscow, Russia) for the logistic help. Dr M.M. Kovblyuk (Simferopol, Ukraine) kindly shared his unpublished data with me and commented on the early version of the ms. Dr D.V. Logunov (Manchester, U.K.) edited the English text of the final draft.


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Levy G. 1998. Twelve genera of orb-weaver spiders (Araneae, Araneidae) from Israel // Israel Journal of Zoology. Vol.43 (for 1997). No.4. P.311365. Schrank F. von P. 1803. Fauna Boica. Landshut. Bd.3. 272 S. Sherborn C.D. 1902. Index animalium sive index nominum quae ab A. D. 1758 generibus et speciebus animalium imposita sunt. London: C.J. Clay and Sons, Cambridge Univ. Press, and H.K. Lewis. Section 1. 1195 p. Thaler K. 1974. Eine verkannte Kreuzspinne in Mitteleuropa: Araneus folium Schrank (Kulczynski 1901) und Araneus cornutus Clerck (Arachnida: Aranei, Araneidae) // Zoologischer Anzeiger, Jena. Bd.194. H.3/4. S.256261. Wiehle H. 1931. 27. Familie: Araneidae // Die Tierwelt Deutschland. 23. Teil. Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea. VI: Agelenidae Araneidae. Jena: Verlag von G. Fischer. 136 S.

References
Bonnet P. 1955. Bibliographia araneorum. Toulouse: Les Artisants de lImprimerie Douladoure. Vol.2 (1re partie: AB). P.1918. Clerck C. 1758 [1757]. Aranei Suecici. Stockholm. 154 p., 6 pl. Helsdingen P.J. van. 2013. Fauna Europaea. Araneae. http:// www.european-arachnology.org/reports/fauna.html (accessed July 5th, 2013). International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 2013. 4th Edition. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/ (accessed July 5th, 2013) Kulczyсski W. 1901. Arachnoidea // Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy. Budapest: Hornyanszky; Leipzig: Hiersemann. Bd.II. Zoologische Ergebnisse. S.313 369, Tab.XIIXIII.

Responsible editor D.V. Logunov