Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://zmmu.msu.ru/personal/pavlinov/doc/alo_dent.pdf
Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Wed Mar 19 17:33:24 2008
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ñùùóùÙð?æûôðò ìüú÷Ôó, 2008, êãß 87, < 3, â. 344-347

üáô 599.735.3

Ùæùõæýúð?æûôÔ? õùúþùõæýúð? ×æúÿ÷ðÿ ñüÕ÷?ÿ ú?áù× øæûåù× (ALOPEX LAGOPUS, CANIDAE) æ×úÔñðð
? 2008 ,,. ð. ?. ø,ÞÛÜã,, ù. Ù. ÷Üã,
ñããÞã,,Û~ÒâÝÛØ ßëÑÒØ õãâÝã,âÝã,,ã ,,ãâëâê,ÒÜÜã,,ã ëÜÛ,ÒâÛêÒê, õãâÝ, 125009, úãââÛfl e-mail: igor_pavlinov@zmmu.msu.ru
øãâêëäÛÞ , ÒÝ^Û 04.09.2006 ,,.

ðââÞÒã,ÜÀ ÑÞÛ~Ûfl ßÒÚë 5 ,ÀÇãÝßÛ äÒâ^ã, æ,ÑÛÛ äã ÝãÜéÛ,,ë^ÛÛ ,ÒiÜÒ,,ã fl Ò~ÜÀi ÑëÇã, âÒâê,ßÛ ,,ÒãßÒêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ßãéãßÒêÛÛ. ðÑßÒÜ~Û,ãâêÈ ÑëÇÜã,,ã fl , ^ÒÞãß ÜÒÑÜ~ÛêÒÞÈÜ. ÷ÛÇãÞÈ?ÛØ ,ÝÞ , ÑÞÛ~Ûfl ê ÛÑßÒÜÒÜÛfl äãÞãÚÒÜÛfl 3-,,ã Û äÒÒÜÒØ ~âêÛ 4-,,ã äÒÝãÒÜÜÀi. õÒÚë ÑÜÀßÛ ãêÒÞßÛ ÑëÇÜã,,ã fl ÝãÒÞfl^Ûfl ÜÒ,ÀâãÝfl. ÷ÛÇãÞÒÒ âäÒ^ÛéÛ~ÜÀ äÒâ^À â ã-, õÒÜã,,ã; äÒâ^À â ã-, ÕÒÛÜ,, äã ßãéãßÒêÛ~ÒâÝÛß iÝêÒÛâêÛÝß ÑÜÛßê äãßÒÚëêã~ÜãÒ äãÞãÚÒÜÛÒ ßÒÚë ÜÛßÛ Û ßêÒÛÝã,ÀßÛ. û,flÑÈ ÛÑßÒÜ~Û,ãâêÛ ÝãÜéÛ,,ë^ÛÛ Û ÑßÒã, ÑëÇÜã,,ã fl ÜÒÑÜ~Ûß.

× ,,Òã,,éÛ~ÒâÝãØ ÛÑßÒÜ~Û,ãâêÛ äÒâ^ã, (Alopex lagopus) ãÜ ÛÑ ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ äÛßÒ~êÒÞÈÜÀi ~Òê - ÒÑÝã ,ÀÚÒÜÜfl âäÒ^ÛéÛÝ ,ëi ãâêã,ÜÀi äãäëÞfl^ÛØ â ôãßÜãâÝÛi ã-,ã,, ÝÚfl ÛÑ ÝãêãÀi ÇÀÞ ,ÀÒÞÒÜ , âßãâêãflêÒÞÈÜÀØ äã,Û (ù,,ÜÒ,, 1931; åÞÝÛÜ, 1944; ÙÒäêÜÒ Û ., 1967). ÷Ò,ÜÛÒ ÒêÞÈÜÀÒ ÝÜÛãßÒêÛ~ÒâÝÛÒ ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛfl (ñ,,ÒÇÒÞÈÜÀØ, øëÑ~ÒÜÝã, 2006) äãê,ÒÛÞÛ äÒÚÜÛÒ ÜÜÀÒ, ãÜã,ÒßÒÜÜã äÒâê,Û, âëÒâê,ÒÜÜã Üã,ÀÒ â,ÒÒÜÛfl äã âêëÝêëÒ ,ÜëêÛ,Ûã,ã,,ã ÑÜããÇÑÛfl. × ~âêÜãâêÛ, ÇÀÞã äãÝÑÜã, ~êã ÑßÒêÜÀØ ,ÝÞ , ãêÞÛ~Ûfl ãâêã,ÜÀi éãß ,ÜãâÛê âêãÒÜÛÒ ÑëÇÜãØ âÛâêÒßÀ. ýÝã,,ã ã ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛfl äÒâê,Þflê ÑÜ~ÛêÒÞÈÜÀØ ÛÜêÒÒâ Þfl äãÜÛßÜÛfl ,ÞÛflÜÛfl ãâêã,ÜãØ ÛÑãÞfl^ÛÛ Ü éãßÛã,ÜÛÒ ßãéãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝã,,ã ãÇÞÛÝ Û iÝêÒ ÛÑßÒÜ~Û,ãâêÛ ë ÝëäÜÀi ßÞÒÝãäÛêÛi (Dayan, Simberloff, 1988). × ÜâêãflÒØ äëÇÞÛÝ^ÛÛ äÒâê,ÞÒÜÀ ÝêÝÛÒ â,ÒÒÜÛfl äã ÛÑßÒÜ~Û,ãâêÛ éãßÀ ,ÒiÜÒ,,ã fl ÑëÇã, ë ßêÒÛÝã,Ài Û ãâêã,ÜÀi éãß äÒâ^ã, æ,ÑÛÛ. õÒêãÛ~ÒâÝë ãâÜã,ë ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛfl âãâê,ÛÞ ,,ÒãßÒêÛ~ÒâÝfl ßãéãßÒêÛfl, äãÑ,ãÞflfl ÛââÞÒã,êÈ éãßë ßãéãÞã,,Û~ÒâÝÛi ãÇÒÝêã,, ÛâÝÞ~fl ,ÞÛflÜÛÒ ÑßÒã, (ø,ÞÛÜã,, õÛÝÒ?ÛÜ, 2002). õÔýæúðÔó ð õæýùá? ðÑßÒÜ~Û,ãâêÈ Ò~ÜÀi ÑëÇã, ë Ò,ÑÛØâÝÛi äÒâ^ã, ÛââÞÒã,Ü , âÞÒëÛi äflêÛ ,ÀÇãÝi (, âÝãÇÝi ~ÛâÞã ÝÑÒßäÞflã,): 1 - ÔiÜ,,ÒÞÈâÝfl ãÇÞ. (12), 2 - ?ëÝãêÝ (9), 3 - ã-, áÛÝâãÜ (10), 4 - ã-, ÕÒÛÜ,, (14), 5 - ã-, õÒÜÀØ (4). × ,ÀÇãÝÛ ,ÝÞ~ÒÜÀ êãÞÈÝã âÒ,,ãÞÒêÝÛ â ßÛÜÛßÞÈÜã âêÒêÀßÛ ÑëÇßÛ; ,ãÑâê ãäÒÒÞflÞÛ äã âêÒäÒÜÛ ÑâêÜÛfl ?,ã, Û âêÒêãâêÛ ÑëÇã,; âß^ã, Û â-

ßãÝ ââßêÛ,ÞÛ âã,ßÒâêÜã. × êÒÝâêÒ ,ÀÇãÝÛ 1-3 ãÇãÑÜ~êâfl ÝÝ "ßêÒÛÝã,ÀÒ", ,ÀÇãÝÛ 4 Û 5 - ÝÝ "ÝãßÜãâÝÛÒ" (ÇÒÛÜ,,ã,âÝfl Û ßÒÜã,âÝfl, âããê,Òêâê,ÒÜÜã). áÞfl ââêÜã,ÝÛ ßÒêãÝ ~ÒÒä éãêã,,éÛã,ÞÛ âÜÛÑë, âäãÞ,,fl äÒÒ éãêãääêãß êÝÛß ãÇÑãß, ~êãÇÀ äÞãâÝãâêÈ ê,Òã,,ã ÜÒÇ ÇÀÞ äÞÞÒÞÈÜ éãÝÞÈÜãØ äÞãâÝãâêÛ ãÇÒÝêÛ,. ÷ ã^Ûéã,ÜÜÀi ÛÑãÇÚÒÜÛfli ÑëÇÜÀi flã, ââê,ÞflÞÛ ßÒêÝÛ (Ûâ. 1) â äãßãÈ ÝãßäÈêÒÜãØ äã,,ßßÀ TPSDig (Rohlf, 1996). ôÚÀØ ~ÒÒä éãêã,,éÛã,ÞÛ Û ÝÚãÒ ÛÑãÇÚÒÜÛÒ ÑßÒ~ÞÛ äã êÛ Ñ. × â~Òêi äã,êãÜÀÒ ÑßÒêÝÛ ÛÜÛ,ÛëÞÈÜÀi ~ÒÒäã, ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÞÛ Þfl: ) ã^ÒÜÝÛ ã?ÛÇÝÛ ÛÑßÒÒÜÛØ, Ýãêãë êÝêã,ÞÛ , Ý~Òâê,Ò äãÝÑêÒÞfl "?ëß" äÛ ÜÞÛÑÒ éÞëÝêëÛëÒØ âÛßßÒêÛÛ, Û Ç) ,À~ÛâÞÒÜÛfl ëâÒÜÒÜÜãØ ÝãÜéÛ,,ë^ÛÛ ÑëÇÜã,,ã fl Þfl ÜÜã,,ã ÝÑÒßäÞfl (äã,,ßß TPSrelw; Rohlf, 1998), Ýãêãë ,ÝÞ~ÞÛ ,ã ,âÒ ÞÈÜÒØ?ÛÒ â,ÜÒÜÛfl. óÒ,ÀÒ ÑëÇÜÀÒ flÀ ÑßÒ~ÞÛ , Ûi ÛâiãÜãß ÛÑãÇÚÒÜÛÛ; ä,ÀÒ ÑëÇÜÀÒ flÀ ÑßÒ~ÞÛ Ü ÑÒÝÞÈÜãß ãêãÇÚÒÜÛÛ, ~êãÇÀ ãÇÒâäÒ~ÛêÈ Ûi â,ÜÛßãâêÈ â ÞÒ,ÀßÛ. áÞfl ÝÚã,,ã ÝÑÒßäÞfl ,À~ÛâÞflÞÛ ^ÒÜêãÛÜÀØ ÑßÒ â äãßãÈ äã,,ßßÀ TPSrelw. áÞfl ÒßãÜâê^ÛÛ ëã,Üfl Û iÝêÒ ÛÑßÒÜ~Û,ãâêÛ ÝÚãØ ßÒêÝÛ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÞÛ äã,,ßßë GRF (Rohlf, Slice, 1990), ,À~ÛâÞÒÜÛfl äã,ãÛÞÛ Ü ãÇÒÛÜÒÜÜãØ ,ÀÇãÝÒ. áÞfl â,ÜÒÜÛfl ,ÀÇããÝ äã ,âÒØ âã,ãÝëäÜãâêÛ ßÒêãÝ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,Ü ßÒêã êãÜÝÛi äÞâêÛÜ, â~ÒêÀ äã,ãÛÞÛ â äãßãÈ äã,,ßßÀ TPSrelw äÛ ÑÜ~ÒÜÛÛ ÝãééÛ^ÛÒÜê ?ÝÞÛã,ÜÛfl = 0. áÞfl ã^ÒÜÝÛ â,flÑÛ ÛÑßÒÜ~Û,ãâêÛ ÝãÜéÛ,,ë^ÛÛ ÑëÇÜã,,ã fl â ^ÒÜêãÛÜÀß ÑßÒãß ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÀ äã,,ßßÀ TPSregr (Rohlf, 1998a) Û TPSpls (Rohlf, 1998b). û äãßãÈ äãâÞÒ-

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Ùæùõæýúð?æûôÔ? õùúþùõæýúð? ×æúÿ÷ðÿ ñüÕ÷?ÿ ú?áù× øæûåù× a Ç , ,, Ò

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úÛâ. 1. ×ÒiÜÛØ ÞÒ,ÀØ fl Ò~ÜÀi ÑëÇã, äÒâ^ (,Û âÜÛÑë): - ÑßÒÒÜÛÒ ßÒêãÝ; Ç - ÛâäÒâÛfl ,ãÝë,, ÜÛi Ü ëâÒÜÒÜÜãØ ÝãÜéÛ,,ë^ÛÛ; , - ,ÒÝêãÜãÒ äÒâê,ÞÒÜÛÒ êÜâéãß^ÛØ ÑëÇÜã,,ã fl ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã ^ÒÜêãÛ Þfl ßêÒÛÝã,Ài ,ÀÇããÝ; ,, - êã ÚÒ Þfl ã-, ÕÒÛÜ,,; - êã ÚÒ Þfl ã-, õÒÜã,,ã; Ò - êã ÚÒ äÛ â,ÜÒÜÛÛ ,ÀÇããÝ â ßêÒÛÝ Û ôãßÜãâÝÛi ã-,ã,.

ÜÒØ äã,,ßßÀ ÛââÞÒã,Ü êÝÚÒ âãäflÚÒÜÜãâêÈ ,ÈÛã,ÜÛfl êÒi ,ÀÒÞÒÜÜÀi ãêÒÞã, ÑëÇÜã,,ã fl - ßÞÀi äÒßãÞflã, (1-3), iÛÜÛ~ÒâÝã,,ã ÑëÇ Û ßãÞflã,. áÞfl ã^ÒÜÝÛ ÑÞÛ~ÛØ ßÒÚë ,ÀÇãÝßÛ äã ëâÒÜÒÜÜÀß ÝãÜéÛ,,ë^Ûflß ÛâäãÞÈÑã,Ü äãÝëâêã, ÛâêÜ^Ûfl (, äã,,ßßÒ TPSsplin; Rohlf, 1997). áÞfl ã^ÒÜÝÛ êÛi ÚÒ ÑÞÛ~ÛØ â ë~Òêãß ,ÜëêÛ,ÀÇãã~ÜãØ ÛâäÒâÛÛ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,Ü F-ÝÛêÒÛØ ÙëãÞÞ (, äã,,ßßÒ TPSregr). áÞfl ãäãÞÜÛêÒÞÈÜãØ ÛÞÞâê^ÛÛ ÑÞÛ~ÛØ ßÒÚë ,ÀÇãÝßÛ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,Ü ÛâÝÛßÛÜÜêÜÀØ ÜÞÛÑ (, äã,,ßßÒ Statistica, ,ÒâÛfl 6.0), , Ý~Òâê,Ò ÝãÞÛ~Òâê,ÒÜÜÀi äÒÒßÒÜÜÀi éãßÀ ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÀ ÑÜ~ÒÜÛfl äÒ,Ài 10 ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜÀi Òéãß^ÛØ (,À~ÛâÞÒÜÀ , äã,,ßßÒ TPSrelw). ×ã ,âÒi êÛi â,ÜÒÜÛfli ÛâäãÞÈÑã,ÜÀ êãÞÈÝã ÞÒ,ÀÒ ÑëÇÜÀÒ flÀ. áÞfl â,ÜÒÜÛfl ÑÞÛ~ÛØ ßÒÚë ÝÑÒßäÞflßÛ äã ÝãÜéÛ,,ë^Ûflß ÞÒ,Ài Û ä,Ài ÑëÇÜÀi flã, ÛâäãÞÈÑã,Ü äã,,ßß NTSYS (Rohlf, 2000). úæñüó?ýÔý? ð ùÕûüìáæ÷ðæ × Ý~Òâê,Ò äÒ,ÛêÒÞÈÜã,,ã êä ßÀ ÛââÞÒã,ÞÛ âêëÝêëë âiãâê,ÒÜÜÀi ãêÜã?ÒÜÛØ äã ÝãÜéÛ,,ë^Ûflß ä,ã,,ã Û ÞÒ,ã,,ã ÑëÇÜÀi flã, Ü ãÇÒÛÜÒÜÜãØ ,ÀÇãÝÒ. áÞfl êã,,ã â,ÜÛÞÛ ßêÛ^À äãÝëâêã,Ài ÛâêÜ^ÛØ ßÒÚë ÝÑÒßäÞflßÛ, ,À~ÛâÞÒÜÜÀßÛ äã ä,Àß Û ÞÒ,Àß flß: ,ÀâãÝãÒ ÑÜ~ÒÜÛÒ t-ÝÛêÒÛfl õÜêÒÞfl (8.91) äãÝÑÀ,Òê iãã?ÒÒ âããê,Òêâê,ÛÒ âäÒÒÞÒÜÛØ ÛâêÜ^ÛØ Ü ,ëi ßêÛ^i (p = 1.00). ?êã äãÑ,ãÞflÒê , ÞÈÜÒØ?Ûi â,ÜÒÜÛfli ÛâäãÞÈÑã,êÈ êãÞÈÝã ÞÒ,ÀØ ÑëÇÜãØ fl. ×ÝÞ ãêÒÞÈÜÀi ÞÒßÒÜêã, ÑëÇÜã,,ã fl , Ò,,ã ÛÑßÒÜ~Û,ãâêÈ ã^ÒÜÛ,ÞÛ â äãßãÈ ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝÛi ßÒêãã,, ,?Ûi âiãÜÀÒ ÒÑëÞÈêêÀ. ?ÞÞÛäâÀ, äãÝÑÀ,ÛÒ âêÒäÒÜÈ Û Üä,ÞÒÜÛÒ ãêÞÛ~ÛØ ÛÜÛ,ÛëÞÈÜÀi ÑëÇÜÀi flã, ãê ëâÒÜÒÜÜãØ (Þfl
ñùùóùÙð?æûôðò ìüú÷Ôó êãß 87 < 3 2008

ãÇãÇÒÜÜãØ ,ÀÇãÝÛ) ÝãÜéÛ,,ë^ÛÛ , ÝÚãØ ßÒêÝÒ, ßÞã ÑÞÛ~êâfl ßÒÚë âãÇãØ (Ûâ. 1Ç). øÛ êãß ÜÛÇãÞÈ?ÛØ Ñßi ÛÑßÒÜ~Û,ãâêÛ, âëfl äã ÑßÒß ÞÞÛäâã,, â,ãØâê,ÒÜ êÒêÈÒßë Û ãê~âêÛ ~Òê,Òêãßë äÒÝãÒÜÜÀß. øÛ ,À~ÛâÞÒÜÛÛ ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜÀi Òéãß^ÛØ Þfl êãØ ÚÒ ãÇãÇÒÜÜãØ ,ÀÇãÝÛ (ßÒêã êãÜÝÛi äÞâêÛÜ) ãÝÑÞãâÈ, ~êã 75% ãÇflâÜÒÜÜãØ ÛâäÒâÛÛ äÛiãÛêâfl Ü äÒ,ÀÒ âÒßÈ, 90% - Ü 13, 95% - Ü 17 ÛÑ 36 ,ÀÒÞÒÜÜÀi Òéãß^ÛØ (ÇãÞÒÒ äãÞÜÀÒ ÜÜÀÒ ÜÒ äÛ,ÒÒÜÀ ,,Ûë Ûi ÜÒâëÒâê,ÒÜÜãâêÛ Þfl Ü?Ò,,ã ÛââÞÒã,ÜÛfl). áãäãÞÜÛêÒÞÈÜë ÛÜéãß^Û ã ÞãÝÞÛÑ^ÛÛ ÛÑßÒÜÒÜÛØ ßãÚÜã ÛÑ,ÞÒ~È êÝÚÒ ÛÑ ,ÒÝêãÜã,,ã äÒâê,ÞÒÜÛfl ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜÀi Òéãß^ÛØ (Ûâ. 1,-1Ò). ×ÑÛßÜfl ÝãÒÞfl^Ûfl êÒi ,ÀÒÞÒÜÜÀi ãêÒÞã, ÑëÇÜã,,ã fl ÜÒ ã~ÒÜÈ ,ÒÞÛÝ. ôÜãÜÛ~ÒâÝÛØ ÜÞÛÑ äãÝÑÞ, ~êã ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ êÒâÜfl â,flÑÈ âëÒâê,ëÒê ßÒÚë ßÞÀßÛ (1-3) Û 4 äÒßãÞflßÛ (ÝãÒÞfl^Ûfl 0.63), ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝã ßÒÜÈ?Ò - ßÒÚë ßãÞflßÛ Û ßÞÀßÛ äÒßãÞflßÛ (0.61), âßfl âÞÇfl - ßÒÚë ßãÞflßÛ Û 4 äÒßãÞflãß (0.50). × äÒ,Ài ,ëi â,ÜÒÜÛfli ÝãÒÞfl^ÛÛ âêêÛâêÛ~ÒâÝÛ ÑÜ~ÛßÀ. õÜãÚÒâê,ÒÜÜÀØ Ò,,ÒââÛãÜÜÀØ ÜÞÛÑ äãÝÑÞ ,ÒâÈß âÞÇë ÝãÒÞfl^Û ßÒÚë äÒÒßÒÜÜÀßÛ éãßÀ Û ^ÒÜêãÛÜÀßÛ ÑßÒßÛ ÝÑÒßäÞflã, , ãÇãÇÒÜÜãØ ,ÀÇãÝÒ: ÑÜ~ÒÜÛÒ F-ÝÛêÒÛfl ÙëãÞÞ 1.39, ëã,ÒÜÈ ÑÜ~ÛßãâêÛ p = 0.06. ôÜãÜÛ~ÒâÝÛØ ÜÞÛÑ äãê,ÒÛÞ êã: ÝãééÛ^ÛÒÜê ÝãÒÞfl^ÛÛ ßÒÚë ëÝÑÜÜÀßÛ äÒÒßÒÜÜÀßÛ âãâê,ÞflÒê 0.43. û,ÜÒÜÛÒ ,ÀÇããÝ äã,ãÛÞÛ äã ëâÒÜÒÜÜÀß ÝãÜéÛ,,ë^Ûflß Û â ë~Òêãß ,ÜëêÛ,ÀÇãã~ÜãØ ÛâäÒâÛÛ. × äÒ,ãß âÞë~Ò ÑÜ~ÒÜÛfl äãÝëâêã,ãØ ÛâêÜ^ÛÛ ßÒÚë ^ÒÜêãÛßÛ ,ÀÇããÝ âãâê,Þflê 0.14-0.50 (êÇÞÛ^). øÛ êãß ÑÞÛ~Ûfl , äÒÒÞi ßêÒÛÝ ÜÛßÒÜÈ?ÛÒ (0.14-0.22),


346

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0.27 0.50

0.39

ãêÞÛ~Ûfl ßêÒÛÝã,Ài äÒâ^ã, ãê ÇÒÛÜ,,ã,âÝÛi ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝã ,À?Ò (0.23-0.27), ãê ßÒÜã,âÝÛi äÒâ^ã, - ÜÛÇãÞÈ?ÛÒ (0.42-0.50); ÑÞÛ~Ûfl ßÒÚë ÝãßÜãâÝÛßÛ ,ÀÇãÝßÛ êÝÚÒ ,ÒâÈß ÑÜ~ÛêÒÞÈÜÀ (0.39). ?êÛ ÜÜÀÒ Ü,,ÞflÜã ÛÞÞâêÛëê âäÒÒÞÒÜÛfl ,ÀÇããÝ , äãâêÜâê,Ò äÒ,Ài ,ëi ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜÀi Òéãß^ÛØ (Ûâ. 2, 2Ç) Û äÒ,Ài ,ëi ÝÜãÜÛ~ÒâÝÛi äÒÒßÒÜÜÀi (Ûâ. 2,, 2,,). õÒÜã,âÝÛÒ äÒâ^À ÑÜÛßê ÜÛÇãÞÒÒ ãÇãâãÇÞÒÜÜãÒ äãÞãÚÒÜÛÒ; äÛ Ûi ÛâÝÞ~ÒÜÛÛ ÇÒÛÜ,,ã,âÝÛÒ äÒâ^À êÝÚÒ ãÝÑÀ,êâfl ãâêêã~Üã âäÒ^ÛéÛ~ÜÀßÛ ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜã ßêÒÛÝã,Ài: , äãâêÜâê,Ò ÝÜãÜÛ~ÒâÝÛi äÒÒßÒÜÜÀi âããê,Òêâê,ëÛÒ ,ÀÇãÝÛ ÜÒ äÒÒÝÀ,êâfl. ðÑ-Ñ ÜÒÇãÞÈ?ã,,ã ãÇÒß ßêÒÛÞ âêêÛâêÛ~ÒâÝfl ã^ÒÜÝ ÑÞÛ~ÛØ ÜÒ,ÀâãÝfl: Ü ,âÒØ âã,ãÝëäÜãâêÛ ,ÀÇããÝ ÑÜ~ÒÜÛfl F-ÝÛêÒÛfl ÙëãÞÞ âãâê,Þflê 1.28 (p = 0.12). ÕãÞÒÒ ÒêÞÈÜë ÝêÛÜë iÝêÒ ÑÞÛ~ÛØ ßÒÚë ,ÀÇãÝßÛ Òê ,ÒÝêãÜãÒ äÒâê,ÞÒÜÛÒ ÑÞÛ~ÛØ, äãÞë~ÒßÀi äÛ âã,ßÒÒÜÛÛ ÝãÜéÛ,,ë^ÛØ ÑëÇÜÀi flã, (Ûâ. 1,-1). ñ ãâÜã,ë ,Ñflê äãiã, ÒÞÛÑã,ÜÜÀØ , äã,,ßßÒ TPSrelw. ?êã
RW2

äãÑ,ãÞflÒê ÜÒ äãäÜã â,ÜÛ,êÈ ÝãÜéÛ,,ë^ÛÛ, ÛââÞÒã,êÈ ãÇÛØ êÒÜ Ûi ÛÑßÒÜÒÜÛØ äã ,,ÛÒÜêë ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜÀi Òéãß^ÛØ (, ÜÜãß âÞë~Ò ââßãêÒÜ êãÞÈÝã äÒ,fl Òéãß^Ûfl). ôÝ ,ÛÜã ÛÑ âããêÜã?ÒÜÛfl ÑßÒã, Û Üä,ÞÒÜÛØ ,ÒÝêãã,, , äÒÒÞi ßêÒÛÝã,Ài ,ÀÇããÝ (Ûâ. 1,) ãâÜã,ÜãØ êÒÜÒÜ^ÛÒØ fl,ÞflÒêâfl ÜÒÝãêããÒ äããÞÈÜãÒ âÚêÛÒ fl äÒßãÞflã, (,ÝÞ~fl iÛÜÛ~ÒâÝÛØ ÑëÇ) Û â?ÛÒÜÛÒ ßãÞflã,. øÛ iÝêÒÛâêÝÒ äÒâ^ã, ã-, ÕÒÛÜ,, (Ûâ. 1,,) ßãÚÜã ,,ã,ãÛêÈ ã ÜÒÝãêããß "äã,ããêÒ" ,âÒ,,ã ÑëÇÜã,,ã fl: äÒßãÞflÀ âßÒêâfl ÜëÚë, ßãÞflÀ - ,ÜëêÈ. ÷ÝãÜÒ^, äÒâ^À ã-, õÒÜã,,ã (Ûâ. 1) ãêÞÛ~êâfl êÒß, ~êã ë ÜÛi ßãÞflÜÀØ ãêÒÞ ÑëÇÜã,,ã fl ÝÝ ÇÀ ,Òêâfl ,ãÝë,, â,ãÒØ ,ÒêÛÝÞÈÜãØ ãâÛ. ùÇÛßÛ Þfl ,âÒi â,ÜÛ,ÒßÀi éãß ßãÚÜã â~ÛêêÈ âÞÒëÛÒ êÒÜÒÜ^ÛÛ: ) ÜÛÇãÞÈ?ÛÒ ÛÑßÒÜÒÜÛfl â,flÑÜÀ â ÛâêÞÈÜÀß ãêÒÞãß êÒêÈÒ,,ã äÒÝãÒÜÜã,,ã Û Ç) âßÒÒÜÛÒ ,äÒÒ ÝÝ êã,,ã ÑëÇ, êÝ Û äÒÒÜÒ,,ã ãêÒÞ ~Òê,Òêã,,ã äÒÝãÒÜÜã,,ã.
RW2

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RW1

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CV2

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CV1

CV1

úÛâ. 2. úâäÒÒÞÒÜÛÒ ÝãÜéÛ,,ë^ÛØ ÑëÇÜÀi flã, , äãâêÜâê,Ò: , Ç - äÒ,Ài ,ëi ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜÀi Òéãß^ÛØ (RW1, RW2); ,, ,, - äÒ,Ài ,ëi ÝÜãÜÛ~ÒâÝÛi äÒÒßÒÜÜÀi (CV1, CV2). ×ÀÇãÝÛ: 1 - ÔiÜ,,ÒÞÈâÝfl ãÇÞ., 2 - ?ëÝãêÝ, 3 - ã-, áÛÝâãÜ, 4 - ã-, ÕÒÛÜ,,, 5 - ã-, õÒÜÀØ. ñùùóùÙð?æûôðò ìüú÷Ôó êãß 87 < 3 2008


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ûÞÒëÒê ãêßÒêÛêÈ, ~êã Ü Ûâ. 2 ÝãßÜãâÝÛÒ Û ßêÒÛÝã,ÀÒ ,ÀÇãÝÛ âäãÞãÚÒÜÀ äã ,,ÛÒÜêë äÒ,ãØ ãêÜãâÛêÒÞÈÜãØ Òéãß^ÛÛ äã ÑÜÀÒ âêããÜÀ ãê Ü~Þ ãâÒØ. ?êã ëÝÑÀ,Òê Ü ÜÞÛ~ÛÒ âäÒ^ÛéÛ~ÒâÝÛi ãâãÇÒÜÜãâêÒØ äÒâ^ã, Ü ßêÒÛÝÒ Û ãâêã,i, ,Àfl,ÞflÒßÀi äÛ âã,ßÒÒÜÛÛ ëâÒÜÒÜÜÀi ÝãÜéÛ,,ë^ÛØ, ,À~ÛâÞÒÜÜÀi Þfl ÝÚãØ ÛÑ êÛi ãÇÒÛÜÒÜÜÀi ,,ëää (Ûâ. 1Ò). ùâÜã,ÜÀÒ ÑÞÛ~Ûfl âãâêãflê , êãß, ~êã ÑëÇÜãØ fl , âÒÜÒØ ~âêÛ (âêÀÝ 3 Û 4 äÒßãÞflã,) âßÒÒêâfl ÜëÚë, , ãÇÞâêÛ ßãÞflã, - ,ÜëêÈ; ÝãßÒ êã,,ã, ÜÒâÝãÞÈÝã ë,ÒÞÛ~Û,Òêâfl iÛÜÛ~ÒâÝÛØ ÑëÇ. ðÑßÒÜ~Û,ãâêÈ ÝãÜéÛ,,ë^ÛÛ ÑëÇÜÀi flã, ë Ò,ÑÛØâÝã,,ã äÒâ^ , ^ÒÞãß ÜÒ,ÒÞÛÝ Û âÞÇã ÞãÝÞÛÑã,Ü. ?êã ÑÜ~Ûê, ~êã ÜÒÞÈÑfl ,ÀÒÞÛêÈ ÝÝãØ-êã ãâãÇÀØ ãêÒÞ ,ÒiÜÒ,,ã ÑëÇÜã,,ã fl, â ÝãêãÀß ÇÀÞÛ ÇÀ äÒÛßëÒâê,ÒÜÜã â,flÑÜÀ ÑÞÛ~Ûfl ßÒÚë ÑÜÀßÛ äãäëÞfl^ÛflßÛ äÒâ^. ÷Ò,ÀâãÝfl ÝãÒÞfl^Ûfl ßÒÚë ãêÒÞßÛ ÑëÇÜã,,ã fl â,ÛÒêÒÞÈâê,ëÒê ã êãß, ~êã Û,Ò,,ÒÜ^Ûfl ßêÒÛÝã,Ài Û ãâêã,ÜÀi éãß äÒâ^ äãfl,ÞflÒêâfl äã-ÑÜãßë , ÑÜÀi ãêÒÞi. ÷ÛÇãÞÒÒ ÑßÒêÜÀØ ,ÝÞ , ÑÞÛ~Ûfl ê ÛÑßÒÜÒÜÛfl äãÞãÚÒÜÛfl 3 Û 4 äÒÝãÒÜÜÀi, êÝÚÒ ÝãÒÜÜÀi ÑëÇã,. ôÚfl ÛÑ â,ÜÛ,ÒßÀi éãß äÒâ^ (ßêÒÛÝã,fl, ÇÒÛÜ,,ã,âÝfl Û ßÒÜã,âÝfl) iÝêÒÛÑëÒêâfl âäÒ^ÛéÛ~ÒâÝÛßÛ ÑÝãÜãßÒÜãâêflßÛ êÜâéãß^ÛÛ ,ÒiÜÒ,,ã ÑëÇÜã,,ã fl. ÷ÛÇãÞÒÒ âäÒ^ÛéÛ~ÜÀ ßÒÜã,âÝÛÒ äÒâ^À, êã,, ÝÝ ÇÒÛÜ,,ã,âÝÛÒ ÇãÞÒÒ âiãÜÀ â ßêÒÛÝã,ÀßÛ, ~Òß â ßÒÜã,âÝÛßÛ; êã ãê~âêÛ äãê,ÒÚÒê ÜÒÒ äãÞë~ÒÜÜÀÒ ÜÜÀÒ äã ÝÜÛãßÒêÛÛ (ñ,,ÒÇÒÞÈÜÀØ, øëÑ~ÒÜÝã, 2006). ×ßÒâêÒ â êÒß, ÛßÒêâfl ÜÒÝãêãÀÒ ãâãÇÒÜÜãâêÛ, ãêÞÛ~ÛÒ ãÇÒ éãßÀ ÝãßÜãâÝÛi äÒâ^ã, ãê ßêÒÛÝã,Ài. øÛßÒ~êÒÞÈÜã, ~êã êÛ ÑÞÛ~Ûfl äã~êÛ ÜÒ â,flÑÜÀ â ÑßÒÜÀßÛ iÝêÒÛâêÛÝßÛ.

ÕóÔÙùáÔú÷ùûýð Ô,êãÀ äÛÑÜêÒÞÈÜÀ þ.?. áÑÒÚÛÜâÝãßë, õ.æ. ÙãÞÈ^ßÜë Û û.×. ñ,,ÒÇÒÞÈÜãßë Ñ äãßãÈ äÛ ,ÀäãÞÜÒÜÛÛ ÇãêÀ. ûêêÈfl äã,,ãêã,ÞÒÜ äÛ ~âêÛ~ÜãØ äãÒÚÝÒ úþþð (06-04-49134-). ûøðûùô óðýæúÔýüú?
ÙÒäêÜÒ ×.Ù., ÷ëßã, ÷.ø., ?,,ÒÜâãÜ ø.Õ., 1967. õÞÒÝãäÛêÛÒ ûã,ÒêâÝã,,ã ûãÑ. ý. 2. ?. 2. õ.: ×Àâ?fl ?ÝãÞ. 1004 â. ñ,,ÒÇÒÞÈÜÀØ û.×., øëÑ~ÒÜÝã Ô.?., 2006. ðÑßÒÜ~Û,ãâêÈ ~ÒÒä äÒâ^ã, ÇÒÛÜ,,ã,âÝã,,ã Alopex lagopus beringensis, ßÒÜã,âÝã,,ã A. l. semenovi, ßêÒÛÝã,ã,,ã A. l. lagopus äã,Ûã, (Carnivora, Canidae) // ñããÞ. ÚëÜ. ý. 85. ×Àä. 8. C. 1007-1023. ù,,ÜÒ, û.ð., 1931. ñ,ÒÛ ×ãâêã~ÜãØ æ,ãäÀ Û ûÒ,ÒÜãØ ÔÑÛÛ. ý. 2. õ.-ó.: ÙÞ,ÜëÝ. 776 â. ø,ÞÛÜã, ð.?., õÛÝÒ?ÛÜ ÷.Ù., 2002. øÛÜ^ÛäÀ Û ßÒêãÀ ,,ÒãßÒêÛ~ÒâÝãØ ßãéãßÒêÛÛ // ìëÜ. ãÇ. ÇÛãÞã,,ÛÛ. ý. 63. < 6. û. 473-493. åÞÝÛÜ ×.ð., 1944. ÙÒã,,éÛ~ÒâÝfl ÛÑßÒÜ~Û,ãâêÈ , âêãÒÜÛÛ ~ÒÒä äÒâ^ã, æ,ÑÛÛ // ñããÞ. ÚëÜ. ý. 23. ×Àä. 4. û. 156-169. Dayan T., Simberloff D., 1988. Size patterns among competitors: ecological character displacement and character release in mammals, with special reference to island populations // Mammal Rev. V. 28. < 3. P. 99-124. Rohlf F.J., 1996. TPSdig. Version 1.11. N. Y.: State University at Stony Brook (program). - 1997. TPSsplin: ThinPlate Spline. Version 1.15. N. Y.: State University at Stony Brook (program). - 1998. TPSrelw: Relative warps. Version 1.18. N. Y.: State University at Stony Brook (program). - 1998a. TPSregr, version 1.23. N. Y.: State Univ. at Stony Brook (program). - 1998. TPSpls. Version 1.05. N. Y.: State University at Stony Brook (program). - 2000. NTSYS-pc. Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, version 2.1. Exeter Software (program). Rohlf F.J., Slice D., 1990. GRF: a program for generalized rotational fitting. N. Y.: State University at Stony Brook (program).

GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRY OF THE UPPER TOOTH ROW IN THE EURASIAN POLAR FOX (ALOPEX LAGOPUS, CANIDAE)
I. Ya. Pavlinov, O. G. Nanova
Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Moscow 125009, Russia e-mail: igor_pavlinov@zmmu.msu.ru The differences in the check tooth row shape among 5 samples of the Eurasian polar fox, Alopex lagopus, were studied using geometric morphometry. The variation of the tooth row is not conspicuous, most differences being associated with the position of the 3rd and 4th premolars. The correlation between different parts of the tooth row is not high. Polar foxes from Mednyi Island are most specific, whereas those from Bering Island take an intermediate position between them and the mainland populations. The correlation between the shape and size of the check teeth row is insignificant.

ñùùóùÙð?æûôðò ìüú÷Ôó êãß 87 < 3 2008