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ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, Vol. 4142, 20112012, pp. 115144

Chloropidae (Diptera) of Turkey with descriptions of new species and new records Emilia P. Nartshuk Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab 1, 199034 St. Petersburg. E-mail: chlorops@zin.ru

ABSTRACT A list of Chloropidae from Turkey is provided, containing 64 species from 31 genera and 4 subfamilies. Three species are described as new. Two additional species were only identified to genus level. Twelve species are listed based only on literature data. Most species (40) are recorded from Turkey for the first time. KEYWORDS: Diptera, Chloropidae, Asia Minor, Turkey, new species, new faunistic data

INTRODUCTION Grass flies of the family Chloropidae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha) of Turkey are insufficiently studied, and only 21 species have been recorded to date. Loew (1858) described 3 species: Oscinis brevirostris (now Aphanotrigonum cinctellum (Zetterstedt)), O. marginata (now Polyodaspis ruficornis (Macquart)) and Crassiseta megaspis (now in Elachiptera). He also cited Constantinopolis as type locality for the two former species and Asia minor for the latter species. Becker (1912) described Chlorops pallidior from Asia Minor. Duda (1932-1933) recorded Oscinimorpha albisetosa Duda, Chlorops fasciatus Meigen and Thaumatomyia sulcifrons Becker from Asia minor, Lodos (1957) recorded Oscinella frit (Linnaeus) as Scatopse nigra, but his drawings of the fly, including its wing, beyond question refer to O. frit. This species was mentioned by æzer (1976) as well. Lessman (1962), who studied pests of cones of Ceder libani, found larvae of a fly, which he did not name (see comments below under Hapleginella laevifrons (Loew, 1858)). Dely-Draskovits (1981) and Deeming (2011) recorded Aphanotrigonum femorellum Collin, and Beschovski (1974) recorded Dicraeus discolor Becker. Giray (1980, citing Iyriboz and Ileri, 1942) recorded Chlorops pumilionis (Bierkander). Only 8 species were listed in the Catalogue of the Palaearctic Region (Nartshuk, 1984): Aphanotrigonum cinctellum (Zetterstedt) [as brevirostris], Dicraeus discolor Becker, Elachiptera megaspis (Loew), Lasiosina littoralis Becker, Polyodaspis ruficornis (Macquart), Melanum laterale (Haliday), Thaumatomyia notata (Meigen) and Chlorops pallidior Becker. Deeming (1998), Civelek (2002), and Civelek and Tezcan (2005)

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recorded Oscinella nartshukiana Beschovski, and Civelek (2005) recorded Elachiptera bimaculata Loew. Deeming (2006) described Scoliophthalmus civeleki Deeming, and Nartshuk (2006) described Lasiosina deviata Nartshuk from Turkey. KoÃak et al. (2009) recorded Lasiambia albidipennis (Strobl). Ozerov (2009) described Meromyza filippovi Ozerov from the European part of Turkey. Only two species, Scoliophthalmus civeleki and Elachiptera bimaculata, are included in a Turkish checklist of KoÃak and Kemal (2009). Last but not least, Deeming (2011) identified Sabroskyina aharonii (Duda) from Turkey for the first time. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 223 specimens were studied originating from 4 collections. Most of the material (172 specimens) was collected by N.E. Vikhrev (NV), M.G. Krivosheina (MK), A.L. Ozerov (AO) and K.P. Tomkovich (KT) in southern Turkey, in or nearby resorts (e.g., Antalya) during the last decades, and most of the specimens from this material are kept in the collection of the Zoological Museum of Moscow University in Moscow (ZMUM). Some specimens (19) were collected by A. Freidberg, A.L.L. Friedman and H. Ackerman (FFA) in southeast Turkey (near Antakya) in 2000, and most of the specimens from this material are kept in the collection of Tel Aviv University in Israel (TAUI ). Five specimens were collected by M.G. Volkovich (MV) and 21 specimens, collected by A.æ. KoÃak and L. GÝltekin, are kept in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg (ZIN). Six specimens are from the collection of the Zoologische Staatssammlung MÝnchen (ZSM) in Germany and kept there. Some species from ZMUM were determined by N.E. Vikhrev and A.L. Ozerov. For most species, Material Examined and Distribution sections are given first, followed by a Comments section, mostly devoted for biological information. For species described from Turkey or known from there, for which no specimens were available for this study, the relevant reference is given immediately below the species subheading. Species recorded for the first time from Turkey are marked by an asterisk. Terminology follows essentially McAlpine (1981). Abbreviations used in this article are: env.--environs, prov.--province, reg.--region, Rt.--route, spm--spms--specimen, specimens. ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES SUBFAMILy SIPHONELLOPSINAE *Apotropina longepilosa (Strobl, 1893)
Material Examined

Antalya: reg. Korpu (37,075ºN, 31,232ºE), 10.ix.2009 (N. Dvoretskaya), 1; Hatay prov., Samandag env., 1416.iv.2010 (NV), 1.

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Distribution

Widely distributed in the southern Palaearctic Region from Europe to Russian Far East and Mongolia. *Siphonellopsis lacteibasis Strobl, 1906
Material Examined

Hatay prov., ãivlek env. (36,074ºN, 35,953ºE), 16.iv.2010 (NV), 4, 6; Antalya, Side, Lake Titreyen, 36,756670ºN, 31,455069ºE, 2.iv.2008 (MK, AO), 1.
Distribution

From southern Europe and North Africa to Central Asia. SUBFAMILy RHODESIELLINAE *Rhodesiella plumiger (Meigen, 1830)

Material Examined Distribution Comments

Adapazari reg. Karasu, 9.v.2009 (NV), 1. A widely distributed eurasian species, known from Europe to Far East Russia.

Flies of this species usually occur in deciduous forests, among shrubs. The species was bred once from a mushroom (Khalidov, 1984). Scoliophthalmus civeleki Deeming, 2006 Deeming, 2006: 85--Mula, Koyceiz, streamside grasses and Phragmites
Distribution

This species was described from Turkey. SUBFAMILy OSCINELLINAE *Aphanotrigonum bicolor Nartshuk, 1964

Material Examined

Antalya: ruins of Side near Selimyie (36,767178ºN, 31,394821ºE), 25.ix. 2007 (AO), 1; Side, sand dunes, 3.iv.2008 (NV), 1; ruins of Seleukela near ieler (36,871752ºN, 31,475023ºE), 4.iv.2008 (AO, MK), 1.

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Distribution Comments

Southern Palaearctc Region, from Hungary to Central Asia.

The male collected on 25.ix. is colored as described in Nartshuk (1964), with postpronotum yellow. The male collected on 3.iv. has gray postpronotum similar to the other parts of the thorax. The terminalia of both specimens are identical. Aphanotrigonum cinctellum (Zetterstedt, 1848) Loew, 1858: 60 (as Oscinis brevirostris Loew, 1858, a junior synonym)
Distribution

A transpalaearctic species, known from Europe and North Africa to China.

Aphanotrigonum femorellum (Collin, 1946) Dely-Draskovits, 1981: 124--Turkey. Deeming 2011: 785--Turkey.
Material Examined

Antalya: ruins of Side near Selimyie (36,767178º N, 31,394821ºE), 25 and 27.ix.2007 (AO), 2, 3; E from ruins of Side near Selimyie (36,769991ºN, 31,429487ºE), 2.iv.2008 (AO, MK), 1 ; Side, Lake Titreyen (36,756670ºN, 31,455069ºE), 27.ix.2007 (AO, NV), 1, 2; Side, sand dunes, 27.ix.2007 (NV), 2; Ruins of Seleukela near ieler (36,871752ºN, 31,475023ºE), 4.iv.2008 (MK, AO), 1; Adapazari reg., near Kaeasu, 27.viii.2009 (NV), 1.
Distribution

A widely distributed but rare Palaearctic species, known from Europe and North Africa to Oman and Mongolia.
Comments

Von Tschirnhaus (1981) recorded the grasses, Puccinella maritima (Huds.) Parl. and Festuca rubra L., as larval host plants. *Conioscinella frontella (FallÈn, 1820)
Material Examined Distribution Comments

Manavgat, forest, 25.v.2008 (NV), 1. A widely distributed Palaearctic species, known from Europe to Israel and Mongolia. The larvae are phytophagous, developing in shoots of different grasses (Poaceae).

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Conioscinella sp.
Material Examined

GÆzne, 30 km N Mers, 5001000 m, 11.v.2000 (FFA), 1 spm.

Dicraeus discolor Becker, 1910 Beschovski, 1974--Asia Minor; Nartshuk, 1984: 258--Turkey.
Distribution

This species is known from Bulgaria, the southern European part of Russia, and Asia Minor.
Comments

The larvae are probably phytophagous, developing in seeds of grasses (Poaceae), like other species of the genus; the host plant is unknown. *Dicraeus raptus (Holiday, 1838)
Material Examined Distribution Comments

Antalya, Side, sand dunes, 2.iv.2008 (NV), 2. This species was recorded from West Europe and only the Crimea in East Europe.

The larvae are phytophagous, associated with Bromus ramosus Huds. (Ismay, 1981) and probably with other Bromus species (Poaceae). *Dicraeus tibialis (Macquart, 1835)
Material Examined

Antalya: E from ruins Side near Selimyie (36,769991ºN, 31,429487ºE), 2.iv.2008 (AO, MK), 2, 1; Side, sand dunes, 2.iv.2008 (NV), 3, 4.
Distribution Comments

An holarctic species, found recently also in New Zealand (Ismay, 1991).

The larvae are phytophagous, feeding in unripe seeds of Bromopsis inermis Leyss., B. erectus Huds. and Helictotrichon pubescens (Huds.) Pilg. (Poaceae) (Nartshuk, 1967).

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Dicraeus sp.
Material Examined Comments

Rt 400, BÝyÝkeceli, 50 km SW Silifke, 12.v.2000 (FFA), 1. As there is only a single female available, species identification is impossible.

Elachiptera bimaculata (Loew, 1858) Civelek and Tezcan, 2005--Turkey.
Material Examined

Antalya: ruins of Side near Selimyie (36,767178ºN: N, 31,394821ºE), 31.iii.2008 (AO, MK), 1; ruins of Side (36,988600ºN, 30,983834ºE), 1.iv.2008 (AO, MK), 1; Side, sand dunes, 17 and 23.ii.2008 (NV), 1, 1.
Distribution

Southern Europe, Canary Islands, Madeira, Israel. *Elachiptera cornuta (FallÈn, 1820)

Material Examined

Antalya, near Lake Titreyen, 36,761420ºN, 31,449875ºE, 5.x.2007 (AO), 1; Antalya, Lake Titreyen, 26.iii.2007 NV), 1.
Distribution Comments

Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region, from Europe to China. but the examined stripes on scutum yellow ocellar tri2003). plants.

Usually specimens of this species have a black ocellar triangle, specimens have a yellow ocellar triangle. They also have two dusted along dorsocentral lines in contrast to E. rufifrons Duda, which has a angle but a wide dusted stripe in the middle of the scutum (Nartshuk, The larvae are phytosaprophagous, developing in rotting tissue of Elachiptera megaspis (Loew, 1858) Loew, 1858: 74--Asia minor. *Elachiptera rufifrons Duda, 1932
Material Examined

Side, near Titreyen Lake, 30.iii.2008 (NV), 1.

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Distribution Comments

Southern Eurasian species, known from Spain to China.

The larvae are phytophagous or phytosaprophagous, and they were reared from shoots of rice in Spain (Batalla, 1978). *Hapleginella laevifrons (Loew, 1858)
Material Examined

Antalya: near lhsanlye (37,001421ºN, 30,821684ºE), 2.x.2007 (AO), 1; SE Manavgat (36,747663ºN, 31,471777ºE), 30.ix.2007 (AO), 2; ruins of Side near Selimyie (36,767178ºE, 31, 9482ºE), 25.ix.2007 (AO), 1 ; ruins of Sillyon (36,988600ºN, 30,98383ºE), 2.x.2007 (AO), 2 ; ruins of Seleukeia near ieler (36,871752ºN, 31,475023ºE), 29.ix.2007 (AO), 2.
Distribution Comments

A Eurasian species, known from the British Isles to Far East Russia.

The larvae are saprophagous and/or necrophagous, developing in cones of different coniferous trees (Pinus, Picea, Abies, Larix) infested by other insects, and can develop in other parts of coniferous trees, such as in rotting central shoot of Pinus sibiricus, that yielded this species in the Leningrad province (Northwest Russia). A fly mentioned by Lessman (1962), the larvae of which fed on the scales of the cones and mined radiating tunnels inside the seeds of Ceder libani in Dargaz and SÝtleen, probably belongs to this species. Lasiambia albidipennis (Strobl, 1893) KoÃak et al., 2009: 247--Turkey.
Material Examined

Kizilcahamam-Ankara, on Heracleum platytaenium Boiss., 2.vii.2007 (KoÃak), 17 spms.
Distribution Comments

This species is known from southern Europe, Kazakhstan, and Asia Minor.

The larvae are saprophagous and necrophagous, living in stems of Heracleum platytaeniun Boiss., damaged by Lixus recurvus Olivier (= nordmanni Hochhuth) (Curculionidae) and Melanagromyza heracleana Hering (Agromyzidae) and in corpses of Lixus (KoÃak et al., 2009; they wrongly cited Zlobin instead of Hering as author of the leaf-mining fly).

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*Lasiambia brevibucca (Duda, 1933)
Material Examined

Antalya, ruins of Sillyon (36,988600ºN, 30,983834ºE), 2.x.2007 (AO), 1.iv.2008 (AO, MK), 2.
Distribution Comments

This species was previously known only from Europe.

The larvae develop in rotten wood, sap flows of damaged trees, bracket fungus and in root holes (Allen, 1981; Godfrey, 1998, Ismay, 2000; Georgiev et al., 2004, Barklay, 2005). *Lasiochaeta pubescens (Thalhammer, 1898)
Material Examined

Antalya: Lake Titreyen (36,756670ºN, 31,455069ºE), 27.ix.2007 (AO), 3, 2; near Lake Titreyen (36,761420ºN, 31,449875ºE), 5.x.2007 (AO), 3, 2; Side, sand dune, 24.v.2008 (NV), 1.
Distribution

Common and widely distributed species in the southern Palaearctic Region, from Azores and Madeira to Afghanistan, recently spreading as north as England and Northern Germany. *Lipara lucens Meigen, 1830
Material Examined Distribution

Antalya, Lake Titreyen (36,756670ºN, 31,455069ºE), 3.iii.2008 (AO, MK), 1.

A Eurasian species, occurring on Phragmites from Europe to Japan, found also in North America, where considered to be an immigrant (Sabrosky, 1958).
Comments

The larvae live in top galls on common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.). Oscinimorpha albisetosa Duda, 1932 Duda, 1932: 47--Kleinasien. Turkey; omitted in Nartshuk (1984).
Distribution

A Eurasian species, known from Europe to Yakutia and Mongolia.

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*Oscinimorpha arcuata (Duda, 1932)
Material Examined Distribution

Antalya, Side, sand dune, 24.v.2008 (NV), 1.

A west-palaearctic species, known from Great Britain to Israel, and common in southern Europe. *Oscinimorpha longirostris (Loew, 1858)
Material Examined Distribution

Rt 3226, 55 km S Eidrir, 800 m, 6.v.2000 (FFA), 1.

A mediterranean species, known from the Canary Islands, southern Europe, and North Africa to Israel. *Oscinimorpha novakii (Strobl, 1893)
Material Examined Distribution

Antalya, Silion ruins, 26.v.2008 (NV), 1. A mediterranean species, known from the Canary Islands, southern Europe to Israel.

Oscinella (Oscinella) frit (Linnaeus, 1758) (The frit fly) Lodos, 1957: 6 (as Scatopse nigra); æzer 1976: 34.
Material Examined

Antalya: near airport, 16.ii.2008 (NV), 4, 5; Manavgat, pine forest, 19.ii. and 4.iv.2008 (NV), 1, 2; Lake Titreyen (36,756670ºN, 31,455069ºE), 27.ix.2007 (AO), 2; ruins of Seleukeia near ieler (36,871752ºN, 31,475023º E), 4.iv.2007 (AO, MK) 1; ruins of Side near Selimyie (36,767178ºE, 31,39482ºE), 26.ix.2007 (AO), 1, 1; Side, sand dunes, 19.ii.2008 (NV), 1, 1; SE of Manavgat (36,747662º N, 31,471777º E), 30.ix.2007 (AO), 2; Pasture Akseki, 1759 m, 27.ix.2007 (NV), 1.
Distribution

A widely distributed species (or group of closely related species), recorded from the Holarctic, Afrotropical, and Oriental Regions.
Comments

The larvae are phytophagous, developing in shoots and seeds of cereals: wheat, barley, rye, oat, and in shoots of many wild grasses. A well known pest of cereals.

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*Oscinella (Oscinella) maura (FallÈn, 1820)
Material Examined

Antalya, N of Manavgat (36,836918ºN, 31,474030ºE), 29.ix.2007 (AO), 1; Antalya, Kurshunlu, 27.v.2008, (NV), 1; Rt 3226, 55 km S Eidrir, Candir, 200400 m, 6.v.2000 (FFA), 1 spm.
Distribution Comments

This species is known from Europe, Siberia, the Caucasus, and Iran.

The larvae are phytophagous, living in shoots of the grass, Dactylis glomerata L. (Poaceae). Oscinella (Cyclocercula) nartshukiana Beschovski, 1978 Civelek, 2002--Turkey, Ismir Province.
Distribution Comments

This species was described from Bulgaria and is widely distributed in Africa.

This species has a great agricultural importance in infesting sorghum seedlings, millet, maize, wheat and barley, many of which had already been attacked by the muscid shoot fly, Atherigona hyalipennis van Emden, and A. soccata Rondani. It develops in shoots of many wild grasses as well (Deeming, 2003). *Oscinella (Oscinella) nitidigenis Becker, 1910
Material Examined

Antalya, ruins of Seleukeria near ieler (36,71152ºN, 31,475023ºE), 4.iv.2008 (AO, MK), 1.
Distribution

A southwestern Palaearctic species, known from the Canary Islands and Europe to Israel; it is also known from Cape Verde Islands. *Oscinella (Oscinella) nitidissima (Meigen, 1838)
Material Examined

Konya mountain, pasture, 1740 m (37,211412ºN, 31,9501600ºE), 26.ix.2007 (AO), 1.

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Distribution Comments

An holarctic species, widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region.

The larvae are phytophagous, developing in shoots of different grasses (Poaceae), preferably in species of Agrostis. Polyodaspis ruficornis (Macquart, 1835) Loew, 1858: 69 (as Oscinis marginata Loew, 1858, a junior synonym; Nartshuk, 1984: 233--Turkey.
Distribution Comments

This species is known from the Palaearctic and the Oriental regions. The larvae develop in different substrates (Kiauka and Nartshuk, 1972). *Polyodaspis splendida Nartshuk, n. sp.

Material Examined

Antalya, to NE of Bucak, River KorpÝ Irmagi (37,050923ºN, 31,230474ºE), 1.x.2007 (AO), 1, 3.
Distribution

This species is newly described below from Turkey. *Polyodaspis sulcicollis (Meigen, 1838)

Material Examined

Antalya, ruins of Sillyon (36,98860ºN, 30,983834ºE), 2.x.2007 (AO), 1, 1; 1.iv.2008 (AO, MK), 1, 3; 3.iv.2008 (NV), 1. This species is very variable in the color of the setae and setulae, which are black or white. The female collected on 2.x.2007 has all the setae and setulae white and corresponds to var. amicalis Becker. All other specimens have black setae and setulae.
Distribution

This species is distributed in Europe, the mediterranean subregion, and in Palaearctic Asia eastwards to Yakutia and Mongolia.
Comments

The larvae are probably saprophytophagous. The adults were reared from stems of broomrape (Orobanche speciosa D.C.), damaged by other insects (Martelli, 1933).

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Sabroskyina aharonii (Duda, 1933) Deeming, 2011: 794.--Turkey.
Distribution

The species was previously known from Turkey to Pakistan, Africa from Egypt to Chad, Seychelles, and Cape Verde Islands. *Tricimba albiseta Dely-Draskovits, 1983
Material Examined

Antalya, to NE of Bucak, river KorpÝ Irmagi (37,050923ºN, 32,230474ºE), 1.x.2007 (AO), 2.
Distribution

This species was described from southern Europe (Hungary, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria).
Comments

This species is probably only a light-colored variation of Tricimba cincta (Meigen). *Tricimba humeralis (Loew, 1858)
Material Examined

Antalya: near airport, 16.ii.2008 (NV), 2; ruins of Side near Selimyie (36,767178ºN, 31, 39821ºE), 5.x.2007 (AO), 1.
Distribution

A widely distributed species, recorded from the southern Palaearctic Region and the Afrotropical Region.
Comments

This species hibernates as adults, was recorded many times in houses during autumn together with Thaumatomyia notata Meigen, and was also found in bird nests (Krivokhatskii and Nartshuk, 2001). SUBFAMILy CHLOROPINAE *Assuania thalhammeri (Strobl, 1893)
Material Examined

Akseki pasture, 1750 m, 27.ix.2007 (NV), 1.

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Distribution

A south Palaearctic species, known from southern Europe and North Africa to Afghanistan. *Camarota curvipennis (Latreille, 1805)
Material Examined

Antalya to NE of Bucak, river KorpÝ Irmagi (37,050923ºN, 31,230474ºE), 1.x.2007 (AO), 3, 5; Antalya, Kurshunlu waterfall, 27.v.2008 (NV), 1, 2; Antakya, 10.v.2000 (FFA), 1 spm.
Distribution

This species is known almost from all Europe (except the northern parts), the Caucasus, southern part of Palaearctic Asia and North Africa.
Comments

The larvae are phytophagous, developing in shoots and ears of different cereals: barley, oat, rye, wheat, also in Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski and possibly in other Poaceae. *Cetema neglectum Tonnoir, 1921
Material Examined

Sakarya prov., Karasu (41,1ºN, 30,7ºE), 1420.vi.2010 (NV), 1, 1; Antakya, 10.v.2000 (FFA), 3, 1.
Distribution Comments

This species was earlier known only from Europe. The larvae are phytophagous, developing in shoots of many grasses (Poaceae). Chlorops fasciatus Meigen, 1830

Distribution

A Eurasian species, known from Europe to Mongolia.

Duda, 1932-1933: 162-163 "Asia minor", omitted in Nartshuk (1984) *Chlorops freidmani n. sp.
Material Examined

Rt 3226, 55 km S Eidrir, 200400 m, 6.v.2000 (FFA), 1; Teknepinar, 20 km W Antakya, 500 m, 10.v.2000 (FFA), 1.

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Distribution

This species is newly described from Turkey below.

Chlorops pallidior Becker, 1912 Becker, 1912: 236--Turkey, Dauda, Karaman and Durek; Nartshuk, 1984: 276-- Turkey.
Distribution

The species was described from Turkey.

Chlorops pumilionis (Bjerkander, 1778) (The gout-fly) Giray, 1980: 61, citing Iyriboz and Ileri (1942).
Material Examined Distribution Comments

Rt 3226, 55 km S Eidrir, 800 m, 6.v.2000 (FFA), 1 spm. A Eurasian species, known from Europe to Mongolia.

The larvae are phytophagous, damaging shoots and ears of wheat, and also developing in Aegilops. *Cryptonevra nigritarsis (Duda, 1933)
Material Examined Distribution Comments

Antalya, Side, Lake Titreyen (36,756670ºN, 31455069ºE, 30.iii.2008 (AO, MK), 2. This species is known from Europe and Kazakhstan.

The larvae live as inquilines in galls of Lipara spp. on common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.). *Diplotoxa messoria (FallÈn, 1820)
Material Examined

Konya, mountain pasture, 1740 m (37,211412ºN, 31,951600ºE), 26.ix.2007 (AO), 2; Antalya reg., 1540 m, (40,346ºN, 31,929ºE), 2.ix.2009 (NV), 3; Alseki, 1750 m, pasture, 25.v.2008 (NV), 1; Kars, Bahstat Songle W Sarikani, 2100 m, 5.vii.1985 (Schacht), 1 spm. (ZSM).

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Distribution

An holarctic species; in the Palaearctic Region known from the British Isles to Far East Russia.
Comments

The larvae develop in stems of Eleocharis species (Cyperaceae). The species is found in Turkey only in mountains above 1500 m. *Eurina ducalis A. Costa, 1885
Material Examined

Antalya, Side, Lake Titreyen (36,756670º N, 31,455069ºE), 27.iii.2007, 31.iii.2008 (AO, NV), 3; Antakya, 10.v.2000 (FFA), 2 spms.
Distribution Comments

A mediterranean species (southern Europe, Syria, Israel).

The larvae are phytophagous, forming galls on Scirpus tuberosus Desf. and S. mucronatus L. (Cyperaceae) (Kaplan, Eitam and Freidberg, 1986; Kolomoez et al., 1989). *Eurina triangularis Becker, 1903
Material Examined

Antalya, Side, Lake Titreyen, 30.iii.2007 (NV), 1; Antakya, 10.v.2000 (FFA), 4 spms.
Distribution Comments

This species is known from North Africa (Egypt) and Israel.

The larvae are phytophagous, developing in stems of Scirpus tuberosus Desf. (Cyperaceae), without forming galls (Kaplan et al., 1986). *Lasiosina armeniaca Dely-Draskovits, 1979
Material Examined Distribution

Konya reg. (37,235ºN, 31,951ºE), 4.ix.2009 (NV), 1. This species was described from Armenia and the Pamir Mountains.

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Lasiosina deviata Nartshuk, 2006 Nartshuk, 2006: 281--Turkey, 111 km SW Ansary.
Material Examined

111 km SW Ansary, 951 m. 38,19º N, 33,53º E (GÝltekin), 3, 1. The holotype and 2 paratypes (1, 1) are deposited in ZIN, and a paratype is deposited in AtatÝrk University, Erzerum, Turkey.
Distribution Comments

This species was described from Turkey.

The larvae live in stems of Lepidium latifolium L (Brassicaceae), probably being secondary invaders (Nartshuk, 2006). *Lasiosina emiliae Dely-Draskovits, 1982
Material Examined Distribution

Antalya, Side, sand dune, 24.ii.2008 (NV), 1.

This species was known earlier from Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. *Lasiosina herpini (GuÈrin-MÈneville, 1843)
Material Examined Distribution Comments

Konya reg. (37,235ºN, 31,951ºE), 4.ix.2009 (NV), 1. A transpalaearctic species.

The larvae develop as secondary invaders in shoots of different grasses, including cereals: rye, wheat, oat, and barley. Lasiosina littoralis Becker, 1910 Duda, 19321933: 139140; Nartshuk, 1984: 294--Turkey.
Distribution

This species is known from southern Europe, Kazakhstan, and Asia Minor.

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Melanum laterale (Haliday, 1833) Nartshuk, 1984: 281--Turkey.
Distribution Comments

A widely distributed eurasian species, known from Europe to Japan (Hokkaido).

In salt marshes the larvae develop in Juncus gerardii Loisel.(Juncaceae) (von Tschirnhaus, 1981) *Meromyza femorata Macquart, 1835
Material Examined Distribution Comments

Konya reg. (37,235ºN, 31,951ºE), 1670 m, 4.ix.2009 (NV), 1. This species was earlier known only from Europe.

The larvae are phytophagous, developing in shoots of the grass, Dactylis glomerata Linnaeus (Poaceae). Meromyza filippovi Ozerov, 2009 Ozerov, 2009: 127--European part of Turkey, Byukdere.
Distribution

This species was described from the European part of Turkey (Ozerov, 2009). *Meromyza ornata (Wiedemann, 1817)

Material Examined

Adiyman, 15 km NE Golbasi, 850 m, 37,5251ºN, 37,4713ºE 3.vi.2001 (MV), 1, 3; Bayburt Asagi Kop environ, 30 km W Bayburi, 1700 m, 12.vi.2001 (MV), 1.
Distribution Comments

A widely distributed eurasian species, known from Europe to Far East Russia.

The larvae are phytophagous, developing in shoots of the grass Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) B.P. (Poaceae).

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*Meromyza nigriventris Macquart, 1835
Material Examined

Antalya: Side, Lake Titreyen (36,756670ºN, 31,455069ºE), 27.ix.2007 (AO), 1; bank of river Manavgat (36,870660ºN, 32,526706ºE), 3.x.2007 (AO), 1, 4.x.2007 (NV), 1; north of Manavgat (36,836918ºN, 31,474030ºE), 29.ix.2007 (AO), 4; Side, sand dune, 24.ii. 2008 (NV), 2.
Distribution

An holarctic species: in the Palaearctic Region it is widely distributed from the British Isles to Japan; in North America it is known only from the West.
Comments

The larvae are phytophagous, developing in different cereals: wheat, barley, rye, as well as many wild grasses. *Meromyza turcica n. sp.
Material Examined

Antalya, to NE of Bucak, river KorpÝ Irmagi (37,050923ºN, 31,320474ºE), 1.x.2007 (A. Ozerov), 1.
Distribution

This species is newly described here from Turkey. *Meromyza variegata Meigen, 1830

Material Examined

NO (=NE) TÝrkei, TÝrkisch Armenien, vilayet Kars, GÆli Merdenik, 23902600 m, 1015.viii.1965 (Achtelig, Nauman), 1, 2 (ZSM).
Distribution Comments

This species was previously known only from Europe.

The larvae are phytophagous and plants listed as hosts are Dactylis glomerata L., Phleum pratense L., Alopecurus pratensis L., Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski., Festuca pratensis Huds., although this list requires reconfirmation. *Metopostigma tenuiseta (Loew, 1874)
Material Examined

Antalya, Lake Titreyen (36,75670ºN, 31,455069ºE), 5.x.2007 (AO), 1.

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Distribution

This species was earlier known from Israel, North Africa (Egypt) and the Afrotropical Region. *Platycephala umbraculata (Fabricius, 1798)
Material Examined Distribution

Prov. Van, Van See E Eris, 750 m, 9.vi.1988 (Kuhlbander), 2 spms. (ZSM).

A widely distributed species in the Palaearctic Region, known from Europe to the Kuril Islands.
Comments

The larvae are phytophagous, developing in shoots of the common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.). *Phyladelphus thalhammeri Becker, 1910
Material Examined

Antalya, Lake Titreyen (36,756670ºN, 31,455069ºE), 31.iii.2008 (AO, MK), 1; Antalya, to SW Manavgat (36,769977ºN, 31,429475ºE), 4.iv.2008 (AO, MK), 1.
Distribution

A mediterranean species, known earlier from southern Europe and the Caucasus. *Thaumatomyia glabra (Meigen, 1830)

Material Examined Distribution Comments

Konya, mountain pasture, 1740 m (72,11412ºN, 31,951600ºE), 26.ix.2007 (AO). 1. An holarctic species.

The larvae are carnivorous, living in the ground near rhizomes of plants where they feed on root aphids, especially Pemphigidae. Thaumatomyia notata (Meigen, 1830) Nartshuk, 1984: 287Turkey; KoÃak and Kemal, 2012: Van province.
Material Examined

Antalya: E from ruins of Side near Selimyie (36,769991ºN, 31,429487ºE), 2.iv.2008

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(AO, MK), 9; Side, sand dunes, 1827.ii. and 2.iv.2008 (NV), 7, 12; Antalya reg., Lake Antalya, Side, sand dune, 24.v.2008, 2; Lake Titreyen, near Side, 21 25.ii.2008 (KT), 3. Near Side, 2125.ii.2008 (KT), 3; N of Manavgat (36,836918ºN, 31,474030ºE), 29.ix.2007 (AO), 2; to NE of Bucak, river KorpÝ Irmagi (37,050923ºN, 31,230474ºE), 1.x.2007 (AO), 3. Konya, mountain pasture, 1740 m (37,211412ºN, 31,951600ºE), 26.ix.2007 (AO), 3; Kaiseri prov., env. salt lake (38,50ºN, 35,19ºE) 18.iv.2010 (NV), 1, 1; Rt 750, 20 km N Taurus, 1250 m, 9.v.2000 (FFA).
Distribution

A widespread species, recorded from the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, and Oriental Regions. In the Palaearctic Region it is known from the British Isles to Japan.
Comments

Specimens collected in April are dark colored: ocellar triangle, stripes on scutum and marks on pleura black; specimens collected in September and October are light-colored: ocellar triangle yellow, stripes on scutum and marks on pleura partly reddish-yellow or yellow. The adults aggregate before hibernation, and search for any holes. They can invade houses in the millions in autumn (Kotrba and Narthuk, 2009). The larvae are carnivorous, living in the ground near rhizomes of plants and feeding on root aphids. Thaumatomyia sulcifrons (Becker, 1907) Duda, 19321933: 222, Asia minor; omitted in Nartshuk (1984)
Material Examined

Antalya reg., Lake Titreyen, near Side, 2125.ii.2008 (KT), 1; Ankara prov., Tuz Golu, 950 m (38,79ºN, 33,6ºE), 20.iv.2010 (NV), 1; Kaiseri prov., env. salt lake (38,50ºN, 36,19ºE), 18.iv.2010 (NV), 2, 1; Rt 300, 60 km NE Konya, 1000 m, 7.v.2000 (FFA), 1 spm.
Distribution Comments

A south Palaearctic species, known from the Canary Islands to China.

The larvae are carnivorous, live in the ground near rhizomes of plants, and feed on root aphids. DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES SUBFAMILy OSCINELLINAE Polyodaspis splendida Nartshuk n. sp. (Figs. 1, 2)
Material Examined

Holotype , Turkey, Antalya, NE of Bucak, River KorpÝ Irmagi (37,050923ºN, 31,230474ºE), 1.x.2007 (A. Ozerov). Paratypes 3 with the same label.

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Figs. 15. Male terminalia of Polyodaspis spp. 1. P. splendida n. sp., epandrium, dorsal view. 2. P. splendida n. sp., hypandrium and epandrium, ventral view. 3. P. sulcicollis, epandrium, dorsal view. 4. P. sulcicollis, hypandrium and epandrium, ventral view (specimens from Turkey). 5. P. ruficornis, epandrium.

The holotype and two female paratypes are deposited in ZMUM, one female paratype in ZIN.
Diagnosis

The new species shares with P. ruficornis Macquart the color of the body, wide basal cell of wing (br), numerous lateral setae and approximated apical setae on the scutellum. It is distinguished from P. ruficornis by the narrower facial carina between the antennae, smooth frons, smooth and shiny scutum, narrower scutellum and by the structure of the male terminalia. The frons of P. ruficornis is covered by small deep punctures, and the dorsal part of the facial carina between the antennae is nearly as wide as the first flagellomere; scutum and scutellum coarsely punctate, not shiny, scutellum wider. The cerci in

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the male terminalia of the new species are fused; in other Polyodaspis species of which the structure of the male terminalia is known, the cerci are separate (Figs. 35).
Description

Shining, almost entirely black species. Head: Anterior part of frons, face, antenna, anterior part of gena, palpus and legs brownish yellow. Head broader than deep and deeper than long. Frons as long as broad, smooth, shiny, without punctures. Ocellar triangle black, smooth, shiny, 0.6 length of the frons. Setae of head black and stout. Postocellar setae parallel, equal to the length of the lateral vertical setae, medial vertical seta shorter. Five orbital setae, short. Antenna within deep antennal fovea. Facial carina narrow. First flagellomere shorter than deep. Arista with very short microtrichia. Gena extending anteriorly to level of anterior margin of frons, broad and divided into silvery dusted dorsal part and shiny ventral area. Palpus large. Proboscis relatively short. Thorax: Scutum as long as broad, its shiny surface covered with short black setulae. Scutellum nearly triangular, apical setae approximated, longer than scutellum. Lateral setae numerous (more than 8 on each side). All marginal setae on small tubercles. Postpronotal seta not developed. Pleura shiny, notopleural setae 1+2. Prescutellar dorsocentral seta longer than notopleurals. Wing: transparent, veins yellow, cell br widened from level of base of vein R1 towards apex, 1.5 times width of its basal part. Veins R4+5 and M slightly divergent. Crossvein dm-cu strongly oblique. Halteres yellow. Legs: yellow including coxae, hind tibia darkened on tibial organ. Abdomen: black, shiny. Female cerci black. Male terminalia (Figs. 12): epandrium very small, cerci fused, surstyli triangular, hypandrium open, postgonite simple and not divided. Body length 1.2 mm.
Etymology

The species epithet means shiny, as the frons and scutum of the new species are shiny, without punctures.
Comments

The new species may be included in the key to Palaearctic species of the genus Polyodaspis Duda (Nartshuk, 2011) by the following modification:
First basal cell wide in the middle. Scutellum with many lateral setae. ................................... 2 First basal cell not widened. Scutellum with two lateral setae ................................................. 3 Surface of frons flat, without a swelling before ocellar triangle. Postocellar setae parallel ... 2a Surface of frons with a swelling before ocellar triangle. Postocellar setae slightly convergent ................................................................................................ P. convexa Ismay and Schulten 2a. Surface of frons with small deep punctures, dorsal part of facial carina between antennae nearly as wide as first flagellomere, scutum and scutellum coarse punctate, not shiny, scutellum wider. Male cerci separated, not fused (Fig. 5). Palaearctic and Oriental Regions .................... ........................................................................................................... P. ruficornis (Macquart) 1. 2. -.

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Figs. 69. Head of Chlorops spp. 6. C. freidmani n. sp., dorsal view. 7. C. freidmani n. sp., lateral view. 8. C. interruptus, dorsal view. 9. C. interruptus, lateral view. -. Surface of frons and scutum smooth and shiny, dorsal part of facial carina between antennae narrower than first flagellomere. Male cerci fused (Fig. 1) .......................... P. splendida n. sp.

SUBFAMILy CHLOROPINAE Chlorops freidmani Nartshuk, n. sp. (Figs. 6, 7)
Material Examined

Holotype , Teknepinar, 20 km W Antakya, 500 m, 10.v.2000 (A. Freidberg, L. Friedman and H. Ackerman). Paratype , Route 3226, 55 km S Eidrir, 200400 m, 6.v.2000 (A. Freidberg, L. Friedman, and H. Ackerman). Right antenna is missing in the paratype. The holotype is deposited in TAUI. The paratype is deposited in ZIN.
Diagnosis

The new species is similar to C. interruptus (Meigen) (Figs. 8, 9) in having a large shining yellow ocellar triangle, a yellow spot on katepisternum, and abdominal tergites

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blackish . It is distinguished from other species of Chlorops by the combination of black first flagellomere, darkened apical part of palpus, narrow gena, and the structure and color of the ocellar triangle.
Description

Body yellow with black stripes on scutum. Head: (Figs. 6, 7): Frons nearly square, covered with black setulae. Ocellar triangle long, extending to anterior margin of frons, shiny yellow, laterally slightly concave, and narrow apical part longer than in C. interruptus. Ocellar triangle not darkened laterally and without median black line from ocellar tubercle to tip (Ocellar triangle of C. interruptus laterally straight and darkened, and there is a medial black line from ocellar tubercle to tip; narrow apical part shorter). Width of gena 0.33 times of the vertical diameter of eye and exceeds width of first flagellomere (In C. interruptus the gena is nearly half of the vertical diameter of eye). First flagellomere round, black, with yellow spot medially at base, basal segments of antenna yellow. Arista brownish. Palpus slightly blackish at tip. Thorax: Scutum covered with black setulae and with 5 separated black dusted stripes, central stripe not extending to scutellum. Postpronotum yellow. One dorsocentral and lateral and medial postalar setae black. Scutellum semicircular, covered with black setulae. Apical setae shorter than scutellum, two pairs of lateral setae. Pleura yellow, with small black mark on anepisternum, spot on katepisternum shine yellow, 1+2 notopleural setae. Postnotum black, shiny medially. Wing: transparent, venation typical for the genus, halter yellow. Legs: entirely yellow. Abdomen: slightly brownish dorsally. Body length 4 mm.
Etymology

The species epithet is composed of the names of the three collectors: Freidberg, Friedman, and Ackerman.
Comments

The new species may be included in the key to european species of the genus Chlorops Meigen (Dely-Draskovits, 1978) by the following modification:
92(91) Spot on katepistermun shiny yellow .............................................................................. 92a 92a(92b) Ocellar triangle shiny yellow. Abdomen slightly brownish dorsally ............................... .......................................................................................................... Chlorops freidmani n. sp. 92b(92a) Ocellar triangle partly black. Abdomen yellow or with brown bands on tergites ........ 93

The new species may be included in the key to palaearctic species of the genus Chlorops Meigen (Smirnov and Fedoseeva, 1976) by the following modification:
55(51) Spot on katepisternum entirely yellow, red or orange .................................................... 55a 55a (55b) Arista with short pubescence. Ocellar triangle shiny dark yellow. Abdomen slightly brownish dorsally ............................................................................. Chlorops freidmani n. sp.

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Figs. 1016. Structures of Meromyza spp. 1014. M. turcica n. sp. 1516. M. pleurosetosa. 10. Head, dorsal view. 11. Scutum and scutellum, dorsal view. 12. Epandrium, dorsal view. 13. Postgonites, ventral view. 14. Postgonite, lateral view. 15. Head, scutum and scutellum, dorsal view. 16. Postgonite, lateral view. (Figs. 15, 16 after Beschovski, 1987). 55a (55b) Arista with long pubescence. Ocellar triangle black with two yellow spots. Abdomen red-brown dorsally.......................................................................... Chlorops pennatus (Duda)

Meromyza turcica Nartshuk, n. sp. (Figs. 1014)
Material Examined

Holotype : male, Antalya, to NE of Bucak, river KorpÝ Irmagi (37,050923ºN, 31,320474ºE), 1.x.2007 (AO); deposited in ZMUM.
Diagnosis

Similar to M. pleurosetosa Beschovski in having some black setae on anepisternum

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and palpus black apically. It is distinguished from this species by the darker color of the stripes on scutum, pleural spots, abdomen and by the thinner hind femur. The main differences are in the structure of the male terminalia. The postgonite of the new species is more massive, the posterior process is wide triangular, and the anterior process is separated from posterior, but overlies on posterior process. In M. pleurosetosa (Figs. 15, 16) the anterior process is not separated from the posterior and has the appearance of a small projection.
Description

Body yellow, with black stripes on scutum. Head: (Fig. 10): retreating ventrally in lateral view. Frons longer than wide. Ocellar triangle nearly extending to anterior margin of frons, with black ocellar tubercle and darkened laterally. First flagellomere slightly longer than wide, yellow, arista yellow, nearly bare. Eye bare, the horizontal diameter longer than the vertical one. Gena wider than first flagellomere deep. Vibrissal angle obtuse. Palpus black in apical half. Thorax: (Fig. 11): Scutum with black, dusted stripes, central stripe extending to scutellum, and scutellum with wide black stripe and black anterior angles. Postpronotum yellow, with blackish spot. Postnotum black dusted. Pleura yellow with black spots on anepimeron and meron, spot on katepimeron reddish. Anepimeron with 3 black setae. Legs: yellow, with blackish tarsi. Hind femur 2.5 times as thick as hind tibia. Abdomen: blackish dorsally. Male genitalia (Figs. 1214): Epandrium yellow, with wide surstylus evenly covered with small setulae. Postgonite wide triangular, anterior process of postgonite black, not projected below posterior process. Posterior process blackish. Body length 2.5 mm.
Etymology

The species epithet is a Latin adjective referring to the location where the holotype was collected.
Comments

The new species may be included in the key to Palaearctic species of the genus Meromyza Meigen (Nartshuk and Fedoseeva, 2010) by the following modification:
85(86) There are black hairs on anepisternum (in original paper error--on katepisternum!) ... 85a 85a (85b) In male genitalia postgonite more massive, the posterior process is wide triangular, the anterior process is separated from posterior, but overlies on posterior process. Stripes on scutum and spot on katepisternum darker, hind femur thiner (Figs. 1014) ... M. turcica n. sp. 85b(85a) In male genitalia postgonite slender, the anterior process is not separated from the posterior and has the appearance of a small projection (Figs. 5, 16). Stripes on scutum and spot on katepisternum not so dark, hind femur thicker ............................. M. pleurosetosa Beschovski

DISCUSSION Only 21 species of Chloropidae were previously recorded from Turkey. The present list contains 64 species of 31 genera, including literature records. Species of all 4 subfami-

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lies are present in the Turkish fauna. Forty species are recorded from Turkey for the first time, and three are described as new. Some specimens from the genera Conioscinella and Dicraeus have not been identified to species because the available material was insufficient. Based on comparisons with the Chloropidae fauna of some neighboring countries, it is assumed that the number of Chloropidae species in Turkey is much larger. Among the neighboring countries the best studied is Bulgaria (Beschovski, 1985), with 144 species. Chloropidae of other neighboring countries are insufficiently studied. Nartshuk (2010a) recorded 51 species from Greece. Georghiou (1977) and Nartshuk (1990, 2010b) treated the Chloropidae fauna of Cyprus, and a total of 20 species have been recorded. Allaverdyan (1956) recorded seven species from Armenia. The fauna of Israel is rich, with over 100 species (Kaplan (1977) 56 of them have been identified to the species level and 32 to the genus level. The list of Chloropidae species from Turkey includes species with different ranges, most of which are Mediterranean. There are multiregional species (Oscinella frit, O. nartshukiana, Tricimba humeralis, Polyodaspis ruficornis, Thaumatomyia notata), Holarctic species (Dicraeus tibialis, Oscinella nitidissima, Meromyza nigriventris), or eurasian species (Rhodesiella plumiger, Oscinella maura, Conioscinella frontella, Chlorops pumilionis). Several species known earlier only in Europe are now known in Asia Minor (Lasiambia brevibucca, Cetema neglecta, Meromyza femorata, M. variegata). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank the following colleagues: N.E.Vikhrev, M.G. Krivosheina, A.L. Ozerov, K.P. Tomkovich, and M.G. Volkovich from Russia, A. Freidberg, L. Friedman, and H. Ackerman from Israel, and the late W. Schacht from Germany, for allowing me to study the collections of Chloropidae from Turkey under their care. I am also grateful for the financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, RFFI (grants 11-04-001856, 11-04-10047). I am greatly indebted to A. Freidberg for editing the manuscript, and to M. von Tschirnhaus and an anonymous referee for valuable additions and corrections. REFERENCES
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Beschovski, V.L. 1974. Sur la position taxonomique de Dicraeus discolor (Becker, 1910) (Diptera: Chloropidae) et Tetanocera psammophila Loew, 1862 (Diptera: Otitidae) du littoral bulgare de la Mer Noir. Nouvelle Revue Entomologique 4(2): 137143. Beschovski, V.L. 1985. Diptera, Chloropidae. Sofia, Fauna bulgarica 14: 1219 (in Bulgarian). Beschovski, V.L. 1987. Meromyza pleurosetosa sp. n. (Diptera: Chloropidae). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 33: 6872. Civelek, H.S. 2002. Two new records for the Turkish Diptera fauna from Izmir Province, Western Turkey. Turkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 26(4): 295299. Civelek, H.S. and Tezcan, S. 2005. Some new records for Diptera fauna of Turkey and additional notes on the dipterous fauna of cherry orchards. Turkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 29(1): 1116. Deeming, J. 1998. Oscinella (Cyclocercula) nartshukiana Beschovski (Chloropidae), a widespread and polyphagous species injurious to cereals and grasses. P. 45. In: Ismay, J.W. (ed.). Fourth International Congress of Dipterology, 613th September 1998, Keble College, Oxford, UK, Abstracts Volume. Deeming, J.C. 2003. A contribution to the knowledge of African species of Oscinella Becker (Diptera: Chloropidae). Cimbebasia 19: 8194. Deeming, J.C. 2006. A new species of Scoliophthalmus Becker (Diptera: Chloropidae) from Turkey. Turkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 30(2): 8386. Deeming, J. 2011. Order Diptera, family Chloropidae. In: Van Harten, A. (ed.). Arthropod Fauna of the United Arabic Emirates, Dar al Ummah, Abu Dhabi, 4: 784806. Dely-Draskovits, A. 1978. BeutrÄge zur Kenntnis der EuropÄischen Arten der Gattung Chlorops Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Chloropidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 24(12): 27140. Dely-Draskovits, A. 1981. Revision der palaearktischen Arten der Gattung Aphanotrigonum Duda, 1932, und Aphanotrigonella Nartshuk 1964 (Diptera: Chloropidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 27: 115138. Duda, O. 19321933. 61. Chloropidae. In: Lindner, E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der PalÄarktischen Region. Stuttgart. 6(1): 1248 (1932--pp. 148, 1933--pp. 49248). Georgiev, G., Ljubomirov, T., Raikova, M., Ivanov, K., and Sakalian, V. 2004. Insects inhabitants in old larval galleries of Saperda populnea (L.) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Bulgaria. Journal of Pest Science 77(4): 235243. Georghiou, G.P. 1977. The insects and mites of Cyprus. Kiphissia, Athens, Greece. Benaki Phytopathological Institute. Pp. 3347. 1 plate. Giray, H. 1980. TÝrkiye'nin bitki yapraklarinda galeri aÃan bÆzekler faunasina ait ilk liste ile bunlarin konukÃu ve Ænemlilerinin galeri ekilleri hakkinda notlar. [A preliminary list of the fauna of leaf-mining insects in Turkey with notes on food-plants and types of mines of the species of economic importance] Ege ýniversitesi Ziraat FakÝltesi Yayilari 374 (Aratirma): 1106, Bornova-Izmir (in Turkish). Godfrey, A. 1998. The Diptera of Moccas Park National Reserve. Dipterist's Digest 5: 4448. Ismay, J.W. 1981. Dicraeus raptus (Hal.) (Dipt., Chloropidae) associated with Bromus ramosus Huds. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 117: 34. Ismay, J.W. 1991. Dicraeus tibialis (Macquart) (Diptera: Chloropidae) new to New Zealand. New Zealand Entomologist 14: 124. Ismay, J.W. 2000. The British species of Lasiambia Sabrosky (Diptera: Chloropidae). Dipterist's Digest 7: 5970. Iyriboz, N. and Ileri, M. 1942. Hububat Hastaliklari. Ziraat Vekaleti Nesriyati, Sayi (Izmir) 492: 1174.

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