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581. Contents
Next: 1 The Linux operating Up: e Previous: e . 1 The Linux operating system . 2 The Linux kernel . ... 4 System calls . ... 6.2 Half-duplex UNIX Pipes . 6.2.1 Basic Concepts . ... SYSTEM CALL: msgget() . SYSTEM CALL: msgsnd() . SYSTEM CALL: msgctl() . ... The Linux Programmer's Guide is © 1994, 1995 by Sven Goldt . ... Therefore, this guide must describe the system calls and the major kernel changes which have effects on older programs like serial I/O and networking. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/lpg-0.4/node1.html -- 20.9 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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582. e
... 1 The Linux operating system . ... 4 System calls . ... 6.2 Half-duplex UNIX Pipes . 6.2.1 Basic Concepts . ... SYSTEM CALL: msgget() . SYSTEM CALL: msgsnd() . SYSTEM CALL: msgctl() . ... SYSTEM CALL: semget() . SYSTEM CALL: semop() . SYSTEM CALL: semctl() . ... SYSTEM CALL: shmget() . SYSTEM CALL: shmat() . SYSTEM CALL: shmctl() . SYSTEM CALL: shmdt() . ... 7 Sound Programming . ... 8.2.4 Termcap Capabilities . ... 8.8 Options . ... 10.2.2 Linux signal options . ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/lpg-0.4/index.html -- 14.6 Кб -- 18.04.1999
[ Сохраненная копия ] Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/lpg-0.4/lpg.html -- 14.6 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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[ Сохраненная копия ] Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/lpg-0.4/lpg.html -- 14.6 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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583. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/sources/sources.html
... This chapter describes where in the Linux kernel sources you should start looking for particular kernel functions. ... That said, it is a fruitful exercise to look at the kernel sources to get an in-depth understanding of the Linux operating system. This chapter gives an overview of the kernel sources; how they are arranged and where you might start to look for particular code. ... arch . The arch subdirectory contains all of the architecture specific kernel code. ... include . ... drivers . ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/sources/sources.html -- 12.7 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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584. The Linux Kernel
This book is for Linux enthusiasts who want to know how the Linux kernel works. ... Rather it describes the principles and mechanisms that Linux uses; how and why the Linux kernel works the way that it does. ... Please refer to the copyright and distribution statement . Version 0.8-3 . David A Rusling . david.rusling@arm.com ) . Table of Contents , Show Frames , No Frames . 1996-1999 David A Rusling copyright notice . ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/tlk-title.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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585. The Linux Kernel: Table of Contents
... Hardware Basics . Software Basics . ... Interprocess Communication Mechanisms . ... Kernel Mechanisms . ... The Linux Kernel Sources . Linux Data Structures . ... David A Rusling . ... Show Frames , No Frames . 1996-1999 David A Rusling copyright notice . david.rusling@arm.com ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/tlk-toc.html -- 3.1 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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586. The Linux Kernel
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/tlk.html -- 1.3 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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587. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/basics/hw.html
... An operating system has to work closely with the hardware system that acts as its foundations. ... With its Intel 8080 processor and 256 bytes of memory but no screen or keyboard it was puny by today's standards. ... The Alpha AXP processor has two internal memory caches; one for data (the D-Cache) and one for instructions (the I-Cache). ... The system bus connects the CPU with the main memory and is separate from the buses connecting the CPU with the system's hardware peripherals. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/basics/hw.html -- 16.9 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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588. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/basics/sw.html
... Most of the Linux kernel is written in the C language. ... Routines may return any value or data type supported by C. Large programs like the Linux kernel comprise many separate C source modules each with its own routines and data structures. ... Again, using filesystem registration as an example, the data structure that each filesystem passes to the Linux kernel as it registers includes the address of a filesystem specfic routine which must be called whenever that filesystem is mounted. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/basics/sw.html -- 21.4 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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589. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/ds/ds.html
... These may be needed for future network-power-down code. */ unsigned long trans_start; /* Time (jiffies) of last transmit */ unsigned long last_rx; /* Time of last Rx */ unsigned short flags; /* interface flags (BSD)*/ unsigned short family; /* address family ID */ unsigned short metric; /* routing metric */ unsigned short mtu; /* MTU value */ unsigned short type; /* hardware type */ unsigned ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/ds/ds.html -- 37.9 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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590. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/processors/processors.html
... The ARM processor implements a low power, high performance 32 bit RISC architecture. ... It has 31 32 bit registers with 16 visible in any mode. ... The Alpha AXP architecture is a 64-bit load/store RISC architecture designed with speed in mind. ... One interesting feature of Alpha AXP is that there are instructions that can generate flags, such as testing if two registers are equal, the result is not stored in a processor status register, but is instead stored in a third register. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/processors/processors.html -- 5.9 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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591. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/ipc/ipc.html
... Signals and pipes are two of them but Linux also supports the System V IPC mechanisms named after the Unix T M release in which they first appeared. ... A signal could be generated by a keyboard interrupt or an error condition such as the process attempting to access a non-existent location in its virtual memory. ... Linux also holds information about how each process handles every possible signal and this is held in an array of sigaction data structures pointed at by the task_struct for each...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/ipc/ipc.html -- 28.5 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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592. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/modules/modules.html
... Linux modules are lumps of code that can be dynamically linked into the kernel at any point after the system has booted. ... I only occasionally use VFAT file systems and so I build my Linux kernel to automatically load the VFAT file system module as I mount a VFAT partition. ... As each module is loaded, the kernel modifies the kernel symbol table, adding to it all of the resources or symbols exported by the newly loaded module. ... There are two ways that a kernel module can be loaded. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/modules/modules.html -- 16.6 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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593. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/appendices/LDP-Manifesto.html
... The overall goal of the LDP is to collaborate in taking care of all of the issues of Linux documentation, ranging from online docs (man pages, texinfo docs, and so on) to printed manuals covering topics such as installing, using, and running Linux. ... Because our docs will be freely available (like software licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL) and distributed on the net, we are able to easily update the documentation to stay on top of the many changes in the Linux world. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/appendices/LDP-Manifesto.html -- 9.7 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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594. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/kernel/kernel.html
... Figure 11.1: Bottom Half Handling Data Structures . ... Task queues are often used in conjunction with bottom half handlers; the timer task queue is processed when the timer queue bottom half handler runs. ... Every system clock tick the timer bottom half handler is marked as active so that the when the scheduler next runs, the timer queues will be processed. The timer bottom half handler processes both types of system timer. ... There are many times when a process must wait for a system resource. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/kernel/kernel.html -- 18.3 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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595. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/kernel/processes.html
... This chapter describes what a process is and how the Linux kernel creates, manages and deletes the processes in the system. ... Each individual process runs in its own virtual address space and is not capable of interacting with another process except through secure, kernel managed mechanisms. ... Linux is a multiprocessing operating system, its objective is to have a process running on each CPU in the system at all times, to maximize CPU utilization. ... Figure 4.2: A Process's Virtual Memory . ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/kernel/processes.html -- 50.3 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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596. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/appendices/glossary.html
... Used to translate IP addresses into physical hardware addresses. ... The opposite of RISC , a processor which supports a large number of often complex assembly instructions. ... This is a set of data in memory comprised of fields, . ... This object file format designed by the Unix System Laboratories is now firmly established as the most commonly used format in Linux. ... A protocol is a networking language used to transfer application data between two cooperating processes or network layers. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/appendices/glossary.html -- 8.1 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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597. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/appendices/gpl.html
... Printed below is the GNU General Public License (the GPL or copyleft ), under which Linux is licensed. ... Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ... This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. ... This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/appendices/gpl.html -- 20.5 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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598. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/appendices/www.html
... The following World Wide Web and ftp sites are useful: . ... This is David Mosberger-Tang's Alpha AXP Linux web site and it is the place to go for all of the Alpha AXP HOWTOs. It also has a large number of pointers to Linux and Alpha AXP specific information such as CPU data sheets. http://www.redhat.com/ . ... Intel's web site and a good place to look for Intel chip information. http://www.ssc.com/lj/index.html . ... MIT's Linux ftp site. ftp://ftp.cs.helsinki.fi/pub/Software/Linux/Kernel . ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/appendices/www.html -- 4.1 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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599. The Linux Kernel (Copyright Notice)
... Copyright ? 1996,1997,1998,1999 David A Rusling . ... This book (``The Linux Kernel'') may be reproduced and distributed in whole or in part, without fee, subject to the following conditions: . The copyright notice above and this permission notice must be preserved complete on all complete or partial copies. ... If you distribute this work in part, instructions for obtaining the complete version of this manual must be included, and a means for obtaining a complete version provided. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/misc/copyright.html -- 2.7 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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600. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/net/net.html
... This chapter describes how Linux supports the network protocols known collectively as TCP/IP. ... The ARPANET pioneered networking concepts such as packet switching and protocol layering where one protocol uses the services of another. ... The socket's name or address is specified using the sockaddr data structure. ... Rather than clutter the BSD socket wiht TCP/IP specific information, the INET socket layer uses its own data structure, the sock which it links to the BSD socket data structure. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/net/net.html -- 55.7 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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