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601. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/dd/drivers.html
... This chapter describes how the Linux kernel manages the physical devices in the system. ... The keyboard, mouse and serial ports are controlled by a SuperIO chip, the IDE disks by an IDE controller, SCSI disks by a SCSI controller and so on. ... For example, the terminal driver provides a file I/O interface to the Linux kernel and a SCSI device driver provides a SCSI device interface to the SCSI subsystem which, in turn, provides both file I/O and buffer cache interfaces to the kernel. ... Device . ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/dd/drivers.html -- 52.7 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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602. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/dd/interrupts.html
... This chapter looks at how interrupts are handled by the Linux kernel. ... One of these pins might be connected to an interval timer and receive an interrupt every 1000th of a second, others may be connected to the other devices in the system, such as the SCSI controller. ... If, for example, the floppy controller interrupts on pin 6 1 of the interrupt controller then it must recognize the interrupt as from the floppy and route it to the floppy device driver's interrupt handling code. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/dd/interrupts.html -- 16.0 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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603. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/dd/pci.html
... The PCI buses and PCI-PCI bridges are the glue connecting the system components together; the CPU is connected to PCI bus 0, the primary PCI bus as is the video device. ... Every PCI device in the system, including the PCI-PCI bridges has a configuration data structure that is somewhere in the PCI configuration address space. ... Type 1 PCI Configuration cycles contain a PCI bus number and this type of configuration cycle is ignored by all PCI devices except the PCI-PCI bridges. ... PCI BIOS . ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/dd/pci.html -- 34.9 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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604. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/fs/filesystem.html
... File systems organize files into logical hierarchical structures with directories, soft links and so on held in blocks on physical devices. Devices that can contain file systems are known as block devices. ... In the EXT2 file system, the inode is the basic building block; every file and directory in the file system is described by one and only one inode. ... This VFS inode may be in the inode cache or it might have to be read from the block device supporting the file system of the mount point. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/fs/filesystem.html -- 57.3 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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605. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/intro/preface.html
... Born out of the hobby project of a student it has grown to become more popular than any other freely available operating system. ... Minix is a simple, Unix T M like, operating system widely used as a teaching aid. ... This, in short, is the aim of this book: to promote a clear understanding of how Linux, the operating system, works. ... The File system chapter (Chapter filesystem-chapter ) describes how the Linux kernel maintains the files in the file systems that it supports. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/intro/preface.html -- 19.5 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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606. http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/mm/memory.html
... To make this translation easier, virtual and physical memory are divided into handy sized chunks called pages . ... The physical page frame number that this entry is describing, . ... As the physical page frame number for a given virtual page of System V shared memory is contained in the page tables of all of the processes sharing this area of virtual memory, the kernel swap daemon must modify all of these page tables to show that the page is no longer in memory but is now held in the swap file. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/tlk-0.8-3.html/mm/memory.html -- 56.4 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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607. The Network Administrators' Guide
. Next: Contents Up: The Network Administrators' Guide . Olaf Kirch . For Britta . A shorter index . Contents . About this document ... Andrew Anderson . Thu Mar 7 23:22:06 EST 1996
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/index.html -- 2.0 Кб -- 18.04.1999
[ Сохраненная копия ] Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/nag.html -- 2.0 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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[ Сохраненная копия ] Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/nag.html -- 2.0 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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608. Be Paranoid-- Call Sequence Checks
... Another way to fend off and detect impostors is to use call sequence checks. Call sequence checks help you protect against intruders that somehow managed to find out the password you log into your UUCP system with. ... When the attacker call your UUCP feed and steals your mail, this will increase the feeds call sequence number by one. ... If you have enabled call sequence checks, you should check your log files regularly for error messages that hint at possible attacks. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/node178.html -- 4.4 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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609. SLIP Operation
Next: Using dip Up: Serial Line IP Previous: General Requirements . ... After logging into such an account, you are not dropped into the common shell; instead a program or shell script is executed that enables the server's SLIP driver for the serial line and configures the appropriate network interface. ... A simple way to convert a serial line to SLIP mode is by using the slattach tool. ... For example, if cowslip uses CSLIP, you have to do so, too. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/node94.html -- 6.1 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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610. Using dip
Next: A Sample Script Up: Serial Line IP Previous: SLIP Operation . ... Nevertheless, you might want to automate the above steps so that you only have to invoke a simple command that performs all steps shown above. ... The current release as of this writing is version-3.3.7. ... To be able to configure the SLIP interface, dip requires root privilege. It would now be tempting to make dip setuid to root, so that all users can dial up some SLIP server without having to give them root access. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/node95.html -- 4.1 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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611. A Sample Script
Next: A dip Reference Up: Using dip Previous: Using dip . Figure: A sample dip script # Sample dip script for dialing up cowslip # Set local and remote name and address get $ local vlager get $ remote cowslip port cua3 # choose a serial port speed 38400 # set speed to max modem HAYES # set modem type reset # reset modem and tty flush # flush out modem response # Prepare for dialing. send ATQ0V1E1X1\r wait OK 2 if $ errlvl != 0 goto ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/node96.html -- 6.0 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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612. A dip Reference
Next: The Modem Commands Up: Using dip Previous: A Sample Script . ... In this section, we will therefore give a reference for most of dip's commands. You can get an overview of all commands it provides by invoking dip in test mode, and entering the help command. ... Throughout the following, examples that display the DIP> prompt show how to enter a command in test mode, and what output it produces. ... The Modem Commands . ... The get Command . The print Command . ... mode and default . ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/node97.html -- 3.3 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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613. The Modem Commands
... There is a number of commands dip provides to configure your serial line and modem. ... The modem command selects a modem type. ... You have to provide dip with a modem type, else it will refuse to execute the dial and reset commands. The reset command sends a reset string to the modem; the string used depends on the modem type selected. ... The init command selects an initialization string to be passed to the modem before dialing. ... The default dial command for Hayes modems is ATD. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/node98.html -- 2.9 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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614. echo and term
Next: The get Command Up: A dip Reference Previous: The Modem Commands . The echo command serves as a debugging aid, in that using echo on makes dip echo to the console everything sends to the serial device. This can be turned off again by calling echo off. dip also allows you to leave script mode temporarily and enter terminal mode. In this mode, you can use dip just like any ordinary terminal program, writing to the serial line and reading from it. To leave this mode, enter Ctrl-]. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/node99.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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615. Nag short index
Shorter index on The network administrator's guide . Issues of TCP/IP Networking . Configuring the Networking Hardware . Setting up the Serial Hardware . Configuring TCP/IP Networking . ... Serial Line IP . ... Various Network Applications . The Network Information System . The Network File System . ... Getting smail Up and Running . ... Newsreader Configuration . ... Sample smail Configuration Files . ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/shortindex.html -- 2.8 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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616. The host.conf File
... The central file that controls your resolver setup is host.conf. It resides in /etc and tells the resolver which services to use, and in what order. Options in host.conf must occur on separate lines. ... bind for querying the name server . ... A sample file for vlager is shown below: # /etc/host.conf # We have named running, but no NIS (yet) order bind hosts # Allow multiple addrs multi on # Guard against spoof attempts nospoof on # Trim local domain (not really necessary). trim vbrew.com. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/node82.html -- 4.6 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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617. Resolver Environment Variables
Next: Configuring Name Server Lookups-- Up: The Resolver Library Previous: The host.conf File . The settings from host.conf may be overridden using a number of environment variables. ... This specifies a file to be read instead of /etc/host.conf. ... RESOLV SPOOF CHECK . ... RESOLV OVERRIDE TRIM DOMAINS . This environment specifies a list of trim domains which override those given in host.conf. ... This environment specifies a list of trim domains which are added to those given in host.conf. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/node83.html -- 2.9 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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618. Configuring Name Server Lookups-- resolv.conf
... When configuring the resolver library to use the BIND name service for host lookups, you also have to tell it which name servers to use. ... If this file does not exist or is empty, the resolver assumes the name server is on your local host. ... The most important option in resolv.conf is nameserver, which gives the IP-address of a name server to use. ... If no nameserver option is given, the resolver attempts to connect to the name server on the local host. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/node84.html -- 4.0 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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619. Resolver Robustness
Next: Running named Up: The Resolver Library Previous: Configuring Name Server Lookups-- . If you are running a LAN inside a larger network, you definitely should use central name servers if they are available. ... One option is to set up a local name server that resolves hostnames from your local domain, and forwards all queries for other hostnames to the main servers. ... Alternatively, you can maintain a backup host table for your domain or LAN in /etc/hosts. ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/node85.html -- 2.9 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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620. Running named
Next: The named.boot File Up: Name Service and Resolver Previous: Resolver Robustness . The program that provides domain name service on most machines is usually called named (pronounced name-dee ). ... It takes its information from a configuration file called /etc/named.boot, and various files that contain data mapping domain names to addresses and the like. The latter are called zone files . ... The named.boot File . The DNS Database Files . Writing the Master Files . ...
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Ссылки http://itpm.msu.su/LDP/nag/node86.html -- 3.6 Кб -- 18.04.1999
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