Astronomy Picture of the Day
    


APOD: 2025 October 12 Á All the Water on Europa
<< Yesterday 11.10.2025 Tomorrow >>
APOD: 2025 October 12 Á All the Water on Europa
Credit & Copyright: Kevin Hand (JPL/Caltech),
Jack Cook (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), & Howard Perlman (USGS)
Explanation: How much of Jupiter's moon Europa is made of water? No one is sure, but probably a lot. Based on the Galileo probe data acquired during its exploration of the Jovian system from 1995 to 2003, Europa possesses a deep, global ocean of liquid water beneath a layer of surface ice. The subsurface ocean plus ice layer could descend over 100 kilometers in average depth. Adopting a high-end estimate of 100 kilometers depth, if all the water on Europa were gathered into a ball, it would have a radius of over 800 kilometers. To scale, this intriguing illustration compares that hypothetical ball of all the water on Europa to the size of Europa itself (left) - and similarly to all the water on planet Earth. With a volume possibly greater than Earth's oceans, the global subsurface ocean on Europa is a tantalizing destination to search for extraterrestrial life in our Solar System. NASA's robotic Europa Clipper was launched last year to investigate.

January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
 < October 2025  >
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su


12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
2728293031

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (USRA)
NASA Web Site Statements, Warnings, and Disclaimers
NASA Official: Jay Norris. Specific rights apply.
A service of: LHEA at NASA / GSFC
& Michigan Tech. U.

Based on Astronomy Picture Of the Day

Publications with keywords: Europa - water - Earth
Publications with words: Europa - water - Earth
See also:
All publications on this topic >>