Random Media in Radio Astronomy · Atmosphere · Ionosphere path length ~ 6 Km path length ~100 Km Radio Propagation Basics · Refractive index n phase speed v = c/n · In air n = 1 + where 1 and depends on density and humidity · In cold plasma n 1- Ne re 2 /2 ... wavelength re = 2.8 10-15 m is the classical electron radius p is called the plasma frequency L ·Solar Wind (interplanetary plasma) path length ~ 1 AU (1.5x108 Km) · Interstellar Plasma ...

XMM-Newton Science Analysis System . ... Light of stars outside the telescope field of view may reach the RGS focal plane after reflections on the front side of the gratings. Optical light may also be reflected on the back surface of the gratings; before launch the exact magnitude of this effect is not known. Regions around the pointing direction from which light could be reflected on the RGS focal plane are called avoidance fields . ...

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. Albedo (from the last Latin albedo - whiteness) is a value characterising the surface ability to reflect the falling flood of the electromagnetic radiation. Albedo is equal to the ratio of the reflected flood to the falling one. Albedo is an important characteristic of the planets and other bodies of the Solar system. Back .

Next: Echelle Reduction Up: No Title Previous: CCD-Commands Summary . The reduction of CES spectra is, especially for point sources, very straightforward, and the general instructions given in Chapter 6 for the standard reduction of spectra are fully adequate. ... As far as the data reduction goes, the main difference between Reticon and CCD is the data format. Since the Reticon is a one-dimensional array, no attention has to (can) be paid to the extraction of the object spectra. ...

Geophysical Research Abstracts Volumi 3, 2001 . ... The observable lunar region was a seismic active region (30W, 5S). ... arcminutes long trip on the lunar surface in direction to Mare Serentatis. ... 23 Moon's phase angles and 1954 lunar regions. ... basin are compared to craters located in highland and mare regions. ... morphology of craters in the mare region is found to differ drastically from those in . ... and craters with faults in the mare region are due to lava flooding of ancient . ...

RTT150 . ... The primary mirror 1 reflects light to the secondary mirror 2 which collects it on the focal surface of system with the linear field of 30 mm diameter. Focal length, mm . ... Linear field of view, mm . ... Angular field of view . ... Concentration of light energy at 632.8 nm wavelength . on the optical axis within the circles of diameter: . 0.036 mm, %, at least . ... 0.060 mm, %, at least . ...

SET OF MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELD DETECTORS EXO-EM . ... 3 components measurements of both magnetic and electric fields; . ... wide frequency range (0 - 10000) Hz; . ... ECHO-EM is intended for measurement of a complete vector and three components of both electric and magnetic fields, and transfers the received data to the block of the processing of the information and also in telemetry. ... digital 0.1-20 Hz; . ... frequency band (0.01- 10000) Hz; . ... digital (500 - 1000) Hz; . ...

... of the RATAN-600 reflective elements . ... It is reported about of search works for improving the kinematic characteristics of the reflecting elements RATAN-600. ... The use of modern kinematic equipment allowed us to increase accuracy of reflecting element installation on radii/declination/azimuth axes by 6/4/2 times, reduce backlash by 2-4 times, the installation accuracy of a reflecting element on 8-10 times and to achieve repeatability of the installation of reflecting element up to microns. ...

... Scientific goals . ... PLASMA: the global distribution of height profiles of electron number-density in the Martian upper ionosphere to study the dynamics of the solar wind interaction with the Martian upper atmosphere. Method of measurements is based on generating pulsed (with a linear modulation frequency) radio signals, measuring the power of signals reflected from the surface at the night side of the planet, to determine the reflection coefficient within a wide spectral range. ...

... The first task assumes the searching for chemical composition and sizes of particles which give the wavelength dependence of the extinction efficiencies close to the observed dependence of . Figure 7: Wavelength dependence of the extinction efficiency factors for homogeneous spherical particles of different sizes consisting of astronomical silicate and amorphous carbon. The dashed segment shows the approximate wavelength dependence of the mean galactic extinction curve at optical wavelengths. ...

Astronomy Discussion Forums . Forums: . Atm ћ Astrophotography ћ Blackholes ћ Blackholes2 ћ CCD ћ Celestron ћ Domes ћ Education . ... Observe Every Photon's Size Experiment . ... Post Message | ... Observe every photon's size experiment . 1.The slow process of the formation of the light diffraction pattern experiment . ... www.astronomy.net . ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

... Contamination on optical surfaces degrades the throughput of an optical system. ... Contamination is particularly pernicious on the unprotected aluminum that is commonly used on the large first-surface mirrors of reflecting telescopes. ... During that period, the covers of their protective cases is opened whenever the 3.5-m telescope primary mirror cover is opened for nighttime observing. ... CO2 clean exposed mirrors in SS case. ... Light scattering measurements performed on cleaned mirrors. ...

... A New View of the Solar Corona . Dr Leon Golub . Thursday, Apr 11, 2013 at 8:00 PM . ... The technique of using short-wavelength multilayer coatings to allow mirrors to reflect EUV wavelengths at normal incidence has led to significant improvements in spatial and spectral resolution of astronomical telescopes. ... Please join us for a pre-meeting dinner discussion at Changsho, 1712 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA at 6:00pm before the meeting. ... Copyright (c) Amateur Telescope Makers of Boston, Inc. ...

... IRPS is the small size infrared photometer with detector cooled by liquid nitrogen . IRPS was designed as the instrument for work with optical systems with angular apertures . ... Multichannel preamplifiers (N*8) are designed for use with IR and mm wave detectors arrays. ... Thermoelectric cooling system is designed for use with IR detectors. ... IR photodetector modules with detectors cooled by LN2. ... Gas cooled radiation shield optical cryostat, IR detectors. liquid nitrogen capacity 1.2 ltr. ...

... The greenhouse effect . ... The Earth receives short-wave radiation from the sun, one-third of which is reflected back out to space. The remaining radiation is absorbed by the surface and heats up the planet. Then the Earth emits infra-red radiation because of the greenhouse gases contained in the atmosphere. ... Problems arise when greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane increase due to human activities and the Earth gets hotter. ...

... Posts tagged ?XMM? Oct 23rd, 2008| 12:25 pm | ... Tags: 2008 , Newton , October , XMM . Category: Astro , High-Energy , News , X-ray | ... ArXiv] 1st week, Mar. 2008? ... From arxiv/astro-ph:0708.1208v1 : . ... Algorithms arXiv Astro Bad AstroStat Bayesian CHASC Cross-Cultural Data Processing Fitting Frequentist Galaxies gamma-ray High-Energy Imaging Jargon Job Languages MC MCMC Meta Methods Misc News Nuggets Objects Optical Physics Quotes Spectral Stars Stat Timing Uncertainty X-ray . ...

Back to all videos . ... Download the Video : You can download this video in three different formats by visiting our downloads page. Sharing the Universe is based upon work supported by the Informal Education Division of the National Science Foundation under Grant no DRL-0638873. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. ...

... Norm Oberle being reflected by one of his . ... The 31" mirror at the . ... It was through Norm's classes that I made my own two telescope mirrors described elsewhere on this site. ... Soon he made his first first telescope. ... Norm was one of the charter members and organizers of Cuyahoga Astronomy Club and its first president. ... In 1968, Norm formed the LEAP Project (Lake Erie Astronomical Project) partially an out growth of the telescope making class and astronomy meetings at the planetarium. ...

... Queen she turned to Philip, with a tear all in her eye And to her loving consort she reflected with a sigh, She might have been a Catholic , A Moslem or a Jew, Red or black or yellow, Or some other dreadful hue; But she's Protestant, she's English, And her blood is royal blue She's a lady , she's perfection, She's Diana Ya-de-da-de , ... She's intelligent, well spoken and extremely upper-class; Yes, there's rather more to Lady Di than just a pretty . ...