University Satellites and . Space Science Education . ... It is necessary to select a topic interesting from scientific point of view and simple enough to allow students understand and participate in all stages of experiment from measurements via data analysis to physical inference. ... Solar modulation effects and physical characteristics and analysis of the major solar events are possible only by joining data from space-born and surface particle and radiation detectors. ...

The Laboratory of Electronic Kinetics ( LEK ) has powerful radio-frequency, microwave , cryogenic and high- magnetic - field sets of equipment , allowing to carry out precision phase-sensitive measurements of current and voltage in a frequency range 0-10 MHz and the microwave response of crystalline materials in cm-and mm- wavelength range in the temperature interval (0.1-300) K and in magnetic fields up to 18 T. Methodical principle of ... Magnetic field up to 18 T . ... Equipment . ...

... Luminosity (L) · · · · A source's luminosity is the power that it emits in radiation. ... NB Astronomers often say `flux' when they mean `flux density' · SI units are Wm-2Hz -1 -26 filter · Also used are Jy 10 Wm-2Hz -1 E= РРРF d dA dt Specific Intensity, Surface Brightness (I) · Specific intensity (or surface brightness) is the power received (or emitted) per unit area per unit frequency per unit solid angle. ч F at surface of a spherical source = I · · Specific intensity is independent of distance...

... Before the modern era of technological astronomy, to know anything about the Universe beyond our planet we relied on light. ... Historically the two rival ideas were that light was either a stream of tiny bullet-like particles or a wave wobbling its way through space. ... The light we see (visible light which is not the tautology it sounds) is only part of the electromagnetic spectrum, a great sweep of radiations which also includes radio, infra-red, ultra-violet, x-rays and gamma rays. ...

... Galaxies 99 Cosmic background with model of cloudy interstellar medium Yu. ... Figure 1: Averaged spectrum of the cosmic background I f in frequency range 0.25 200 MHz for the Galactic poles. ... First interpretation of the cosmic noise background spectrum at broad band frequency range 0.25 200 MHz with a model of the cloudy interstellar medium ISM is presented here. ... Synthesized background spectra I f for regions of the Galactic poles at the frequency range 0.25 200 MHz is presented in Fig. ...

V. Barale, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy; M. Gade, University of Hamburg, Germany (Eds.) Remote Sensing of the European Seas Here is a review of the current potential of Earth Observations that devotes particular attention to the challenges posed by the European Seas. ... Part 1: Introduction.- ... Pre-publication pricing: Unless otherwise stated, pre-pub prices are valid through the end of the third month following publication, and therefore are subject to change. ...

... 2. ui , i- , : 5 ui = ( - sin cos i cosi - cos i sini T ), i (1) i ­ i- OYZ; i ­ i- OYZ, i = 225 - 90 i, i = 1,.. ... 6 max ( L1 , L2 ) nmax = min ( L1 , L2 ) ( nmax + 1) , nmax = min ( L1 , L2 ) max ( L1 , L2 ) - min ( L1 , L2 ) - . ... 3) D1min1 , D1min 2 7 mi n1min1 , n2 n1 , min 2 min 2 n1 , n2 , Dlast . ... 11) OX OXY : nxy = nijk - ( nijk , ez ) ez , (12) ex , ey , ez ­ . ... nxy , ex ) ( , ( nxy , ex ) < 0 -arccos nxy (13) OX OXZ : nxz = nijk - ( nijk , ey ) ey . ... 450 B2 (+225 ) B1 (-225 )...